Transport of virally expressed green fluorescent protein through the
... cells (Cole et al. 1996). In plant cells, expression of a signal peptide-GFP-HDEL construct resulted in ¯uorescence of the ER in Arabidopsis thaliana roots (Haselo and Amos 1995). It has recently been shown that very high levels of foreign-protein expression can be obtained in plants using virus-ba ...
... cells (Cole et al. 1996). In plant cells, expression of a signal peptide-GFP-HDEL construct resulted in ¯uorescence of the ER in Arabidopsis thaliana roots (Haselo and Amos 1995). It has recently been shown that very high levels of foreign-protein expression can be obtained in plants using virus-ba ...
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane
... THE PROBLEM IS POSED For many years cell biologists have been in general agreement that the problem of membrane structure was solved, at least to a first approximation, 257 s ...
... THE PROBLEM IS POSED For many years cell biologists have been in general agreement that the problem of membrane structure was solved, at least to a first approximation, 257 s ...
Dynamics of protein noise can distinguish between alternate
... degradation rate and p(t) denotes the protein count at time t. Together, Equations (1) and (2) constitute a stochastic hybrid gene-expression model in which mRNA time evolution is discrete and stochastic, while protein levels evolve continuously and deterministically. As in many studies, protein-exp ...
... degradation rate and p(t) denotes the protein count at time t. Together, Equations (1) and (2) constitute a stochastic hybrid gene-expression model in which mRNA time evolution is discrete and stochastic, while protein levels evolve continuously and deterministically. As in many studies, protein-exp ...
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane A biochemical
... THE PROBLEM IS POSED For many years cell biologists have been in general agreement that the problem of membrane structure was solved, at least to a first approximation, 257 s ...
... THE PROBLEM IS POSED For many years cell biologists have been in general agreement that the problem of membrane structure was solved, at least to a first approximation, 257 s ...
Comparison of two codon optimization strategies to enhance
... Codon optimization of the calf prochymosin gene was chosen due to the commercial value of improving its expression and to study the impact of codon optimization in an established production process. Even when the wild type sequence has been reported to express well in E. coli[18, 22], the presence o ...
... Codon optimization of the calf prochymosin gene was chosen due to the commercial value of improving its expression and to study the impact of codon optimization in an established production process. Even when the wild type sequence has been reported to express well in E. coli[18, 22], the presence o ...
The syndapin protein family: linking membrane trafficking with the
... the donor membrane (Hinshaw, 2000; Sever et al., 2000). All syndapins cloned and/or identified as DNA sequences show remarkably high conservation of both domain structure and amino acid sequence in species as diverse as worms, insects, fish, birds and mammals. Each is composed of an Nterminal region ...
... the donor membrane (Hinshaw, 2000; Sever et al., 2000). All syndapins cloned and/or identified as DNA sequences show remarkably high conservation of both domain structure and amino acid sequence in species as diverse as worms, insects, fish, birds and mammals. Each is composed of an Nterminal region ...
Function of Conserved Tryptophans in the Aspergillus niger
... binding site and any large structural change in this region associated with addition of ligand is unlikely. The titration results for the W543 H1 peak, on the other hand, are quite different. This resonance shows no change in chemical shift at any ligand concentration. This is consistent with the W ...
... binding site and any large structural change in this region associated with addition of ligand is unlikely. The titration results for the W543 H1 peak, on the other hand, are quite different. This resonance shows no change in chemical shift at any ligand concentration. This is consistent with the W ...
Review Common Themes in Mechanisms of Gene Silencing
... proteins share a region of sequence similarity at their amino termini named the chromo domain. This similarity gave rise to the conjecture that similar molecular mechanisms may be involved in the formation of heterochromatin and the stable inactivation of genes during development. A number of subseq ...
... proteins share a region of sequence similarity at their amino termini named the chromo domain. This similarity gave rise to the conjecture that similar molecular mechanisms may be involved in the formation of heterochromatin and the stable inactivation of genes during development. A number of subseq ...
Mediation of Clathrin-Dependent Trafficking during
... STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE1 (SCD1) encodes a putative Rab guanine nucleotide exchange factor that functions in membrane trafficking and is required for cytokinesis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the loss of SCD2 function disrupts cytokinesis and cell expansion and ...
... STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE1 (SCD1) encodes a putative Rab guanine nucleotide exchange factor that functions in membrane trafficking and is required for cytokinesis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the loss of SCD2 function disrupts cytokinesis and cell expansion and ...
Molecular paleontology and complexity in the last eukaryotic
... places all three of the major domains, i.e. bacteria, archaea and eukaryota as monophyletic (top tree). This implies that the eukaryotes branched from the Archaea as a separate and independent lineage, with a stepwise topology, i.e. bacteria emerged first, from which archaea arose and then finally t ...
... places all three of the major domains, i.e. bacteria, archaea and eukaryota as monophyletic (top tree). This implies that the eukaryotes branched from the Archaea as a separate and independent lineage, with a stepwise topology, i.e. bacteria emerged first, from which archaea arose and then finally t ...
A defect in the yeast plasma membrane urea transporter Dur3p is
... The MIP (major intrinsic protein) family of proteins includes members found most likely in all cellular organisms [1,2]. This gene family is particularly diverse in higher plants, where more than 30 homologous genes have been identi¢ed in Arabidopsis [3] and a similar number of independent expressed ...
... The MIP (major intrinsic protein) family of proteins includes members found most likely in all cellular organisms [1,2]. This gene family is particularly diverse in higher plants, where more than 30 homologous genes have been identi¢ed in Arabidopsis [3] and a similar number of independent expressed ...
Abscisic Acid–Induced Transcription Is Mediated by
... the labeling experiments. To characterize this mobility shift more clearly and to exclude the interference of cross-reacting polypeptides, TRAB1 protein tagged with double hemagglutinin and His6 epitopes (TRAB1-dHA/His) was expressed in transgenic rice callus and detected with anti-HA antibody. Agai ...
... the labeling experiments. To characterize this mobility shift more clearly and to exclude the interference of cross-reacting polypeptides, TRAB1 protein tagged with double hemagglutinin and His6 epitopes (TRAB1-dHA/His) was expressed in transgenic rice callus and detected with anti-HA antibody. Agai ...
Step-by-Step Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation
... for the moment, our study of clotting factors in this group is mostly limited to the lamprey. Even so, the system in these creatures is decidedly simpler than in mammals and serves as an illustration of how such a system can become more complex. As an example, mammals have two large, multidomain non ...
... for the moment, our study of clotting factors in this group is mostly limited to the lamprey. Even so, the system in these creatures is decidedly simpler than in mammals and serves as an illustration of how such a system can become more complex. As an example, mammals have two large, multidomain non ...
PIERGIORGIO PETTAZZONI
... cells, inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of HL-60 human leukemic cells. This HNE concentration also induces erythroid differentiation by increasing gamma globin expression in MEL and K562 cells. Moreover, HNE causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in numerous cell lines. The mechani ...
... cells, inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of HL-60 human leukemic cells. This HNE concentration also induces erythroid differentiation by increasing gamma globin expression in MEL and K562 cells. Moreover, HNE causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in numerous cell lines. The mechani ...
The orthopoxvirus 68k ankyrin-like protein is essential for DNA
... (VACV) that is being evaluated as replacement smallpox vaccine and candidate viral vector. MVA lacks many genes associated with virulence and/or regulation of virus tropism. The 68-kDa ankyrin-like protein (68k-ank) is the only ankyrin repeat-containing protein that is encoded by the MVA genome and ...
... (VACV) that is being evaluated as replacement smallpox vaccine and candidate viral vector. MVA lacks many genes associated with virulence and/or regulation of virus tropism. The 68-kDa ankyrin-like protein (68k-ank) is the only ankyrin repeat-containing protein that is encoded by the MVA genome and ...
Sequential steps in clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis
... clathrin assembly and which appears to be critical for the generation of synaptic vesicles with an homogenous size. In Drosophila and C. elegans lacking AP180-like proteins, nerve terminals still contain synaptic vesicles, but their average size is larger and the size variability is increased when c ...
... clathrin assembly and which appears to be critical for the generation of synaptic vesicles with an homogenous size. In Drosophila and C. elegans lacking AP180-like proteins, nerve terminals still contain synaptic vesicles, but their average size is larger and the size variability is increased when c ...
Proteinase K, solution
... Mix to dissolve. Adjust pH 8.0 using concentrated HCl (10N HCl). Store at room temperature. Proteinase K Stock Solution (20x, 400 µg/ml or 12 units/ml): Proteinase K (30 units/mg)----------- 0.008 g (8 mg) ...
... Mix to dissolve. Adjust pH 8.0 using concentrated HCl (10N HCl). Store at room temperature. Proteinase K Stock Solution (20x, 400 µg/ml or 12 units/ml): Proteinase K (30 units/mg)----------- 0.008 g (8 mg) ...
Detection of RNA-protein complex in vaccinia virus core in vitro
... possibility of this protein being one of the proteins identified in this work, and the formation of R N A protein complexes during in vitro mRNA synthesis, are discussed. ...
... possibility of this protein being one of the proteins identified in this work, and the formation of R N A protein complexes during in vitro mRNA synthesis, are discussed. ...
RASPBERRY3 Gene Encodes a Novel Protein Important for Embryo
... protein may be localized in the chloroplast. Complementation analysis supports the possibility that the RASPBERRY3 protein may be involved in chloroplast development. Our experiments demonstrate the important role of the chloroplast, directly or indirectly, in embryo morphogenesis and development. ...
... protein may be localized in the chloroplast. Complementation analysis supports the possibility that the RASPBERRY3 protein may be involved in chloroplast development. Our experiments demonstrate the important role of the chloroplast, directly or indirectly, in embryo morphogenesis and development. ...
Control of reproduction by Polycomb Group complexes in animals
... silencing and that they may also regulate the expression of nonhomeotic genes (DeCamillis et al., 1992; Rastelli et al., 1993; Zink and Paro, 1989). Two distinct Polycomb Repressive Complexes PRC1 and PRC2 have been purified and characterised in the Drosophila embryo. PRC1 contains the PcG proteins ...
... silencing and that they may also regulate the expression of nonhomeotic genes (DeCamillis et al., 1992; Rastelli et al., 1993; Zink and Paro, 1989). Two distinct Polycomb Repressive Complexes PRC1 and PRC2 have been purified and characterised in the Drosophila embryo. PRC1 contains the PcG proteins ...
Changes in Cotton Root Proteins Correlated with Resistance to Root
... penetration. Results presented in this report show that a specific protein is produced in the resistant cotton roots at about the same time that development of the nematode is shut down. The temporal correlation of appearance of the protein and disruption of root knot nematode development opens the ...
... penetration. Results presented in this report show that a specific protein is produced in the resistant cotton roots at about the same time that development of the nematode is shut down. The temporal correlation of appearance of the protein and disruption of root knot nematode development opens the ...
Assembly of the Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Antenna in the Green
... Characterization of the tla2 Mutant: Pigment Content and Composition ...
... Characterization of the tla2 Mutant: Pigment Content and Composition ...
Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid from women with early
... the detection of proteins and protein-derived peptides is mass spectrometry (MS) [12-14]. Using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) MS, we previously found differences in the phenotypic proteomic profiles of nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) samples from patients with e ...
... the detection of proteins and protein-derived peptides is mass spectrometry (MS) [12-14]. Using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) MS, we previously found differences in the phenotypic proteomic profiles of nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) samples from patients with e ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.