The most abundant protein in bovine herpes 1 virions is a
... monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal serum directed against VP8. T h e primary structure of VP8 showed considerable homology with the product o f the U L 4 7 reading frame o f herpes simplex virus type 1. ...
... monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal serum directed against VP8. T h e primary structure of VP8 showed considerable homology with the product o f the U L 4 7 reading frame o f herpes simplex virus type 1. ...
Safety Assessment of YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2
... information previously developed for these proteins. The data and information presented in this summary demonstrate the food, feed and environmental safety of MON 88017 based on several lines of evidence. Detailed molecular characterization confirms the insertion of single functional copies of the c ...
... information previously developed for these proteins. The data and information presented in this summary demonstrate the food, feed and environmental safety of MON 88017 based on several lines of evidence. Detailed molecular characterization confirms the insertion of single functional copies of the c ...
Gene Section
... the urinary system and Mullerian ducts, in the lung, and in the heart, but at low level in most of the adult tissues. In humans, EVI1 is expressed abundantly in kidney, lung, pancreas and ovaries, and to a lesser extent in several other tissues, including skeletal muscle. The pattern of expression o ...
... the urinary system and Mullerian ducts, in the lung, and in the heart, but at low level in most of the adult tissues. In humans, EVI1 is expressed abundantly in kidney, lung, pancreas and ovaries, and to a lesser extent in several other tissues, including skeletal muscle. The pattern of expression o ...
Review of Osmotic Pressure Driven Release of Proteins from
... oxidation, thiol disulfide exchange, and βelimination in aqueous solutions (5). The major factors affecting these changes are mechanical forces such as shear, the presence of surfactants, buffers, ionic strength, the presence of oxidizers such as ions, radicals and peroxide, light, pH and temperatur ...
... oxidation, thiol disulfide exchange, and βelimination in aqueous solutions (5). The major factors affecting these changes are mechanical forces such as shear, the presence of surfactants, buffers, ionic strength, the presence of oxidizers such as ions, radicals and peroxide, light, pH and temperatur ...
Elicitors, Effectors, and R Genes: The New Paradigm and a Lifetime
... or even altered much without seriously impairing viability. These traditional definitions still have utility, but exceptions are now known and new classifications for these defense elicitors and their counterparts in the host are being actively considered. This review is organized around the tradition ...
... or even altered much without seriously impairing viability. These traditional definitions still have utility, but exceptions are now known and new classifications for these defense elicitors and their counterparts in the host are being actively considered. This review is organized around the tradition ...
INACTIVATING aiiA GENE HOMOLOGUE IN
... Quorum sensing (QS) in bacteria acts as a sophisticated circuit to detect and respond to the environmental changes as well as to group up the cells together by cell-cell communication within or between the species (Waters and Bassler 2005). Various bacteria use this communication pathway to coordina ...
... Quorum sensing (QS) in bacteria acts as a sophisticated circuit to detect and respond to the environmental changes as well as to group up the cells together by cell-cell communication within or between the species (Waters and Bassler 2005). Various bacteria use this communication pathway to coordina ...
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response
... proliferation and migration. Interestingly, cotransfection of both genes increased VSMC proliferation in an additive manner. These genes activated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element (CRE) binding protein (CREB), but their mechanisms of activation were different. MAPKAPK3 phosphorylated ...
... proliferation and migration. Interestingly, cotransfection of both genes increased VSMC proliferation in an additive manner. These genes activated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element (CRE) binding protein (CREB), but their mechanisms of activation were different. MAPKAPK3 phosphorylated ...
A parafusin-related Toxoplasma protein in Ca -regulated secretory organelles
... Torpier, 1977). Both protozoa have a continuous membrane system, alveolar sacs, which underlie the plasma membrane. In Paramecium these sacs are Ca2 storage compartments, analogous to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells (Stelly et al., 1991, 1995). This suggests that the secretory processes ...
... Torpier, 1977). Both protozoa have a continuous membrane system, alveolar sacs, which underlie the plasma membrane. In Paramecium these sacs are Ca2 storage compartments, analogous to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells (Stelly et al., 1991, 1995). This suggests that the secretory processes ...
HEMOGLOBIN_M-_SASKATOON-1
... Hemoglobin M-Saskatoon Hemoglobin M-Saskatoon is a beta peptide mutation and is one of seven known variants of hemoglobin in which the patient exhibits cyanosis (blue skin color) due to the presence of high levels of methemoglobin (metHb) in the red blood cells. For this reason the hemoglobin varian ...
... Hemoglobin M-Saskatoon Hemoglobin M-Saskatoon is a beta peptide mutation and is one of seven known variants of hemoglobin in which the patient exhibits cyanosis (blue skin color) due to the presence of high levels of methemoglobin (metHb) in the red blood cells. For this reason the hemoglobin varian ...
Simulating evolution by gene duplication of protein features that
... MR feature is sequentially given a chance to mutate with a probability governed by the mutation rate. However, although a mutation may occur in a position needed for an MR feature, it would nonetheless be unproductive if a null mutation had first occurred at a separate position. To simulate this pos ...
... MR feature is sequentially given a chance to mutate with a probability governed by the mutation rate. However, although a mutation may occur in a position needed for an MR feature, it would nonetheless be unproductive if a null mutation had first occurred at a separate position. To simulate this pos ...
Sequence Alignment
... from counting them in well-aligned sequences. = freq(T-S) Completely random changes: every possible substitution happens in proportion to the relative frequencies of the different amino acids, the two amino acids are unrelated to each other. • In this case, the frequency of a T and an S is just the ...
... from counting them in well-aligned sequences. = freq(T-S) Completely random changes: every possible substitution happens in proportion to the relative frequencies of the different amino acids, the two amino acids are unrelated to each other. • In this case, the frequency of a T and an S is just the ...
Training for Endurance and Strength: Lessons from Cell Signaling
... hypertrophy. A higher level of AMPK activity correlated with diminished hypertrophy in the old animals (52). However, a muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, the enzyme that activates AMP kinase, does not induce an increase in cell size (41), as would be expected from this ...
... hypertrophy. A higher level of AMPK activity correlated with diminished hypertrophy in the old animals (52). However, a muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, the enzyme that activates AMP kinase, does not induce an increase in cell size (41), as would be expected from this ...
Tomato SlSnRK1 Protein Interacts with and
... symptom appearance, with overexpressing plants developing symptoms later and silenced plants showing symptoms earlier than wild-type plants (Fig. 6A). The shift in the timing of symptom development was readily apparent when the infectivity data were expressed as days post inoculation to reach 50% of ...
... symptom appearance, with overexpressing plants developing symptoms later and silenced plants showing symptoms earlier than wild-type plants (Fig. 6A). The shift in the timing of symptom development was readily apparent when the infectivity data were expressed as days post inoculation to reach 50% of ...
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight
... desmosomal cadherins, which, similar to the classical cadherins of adherens junctions, are part of the cadherin superfamily. Desmogleins 1-4 and desmocollins 1-3 are found in the human epidermis (Fig. 2). The intracellular ends of desmosomal cadherins are inserted in the molecular network of adaptor ...
... desmosomal cadherins, which, similar to the classical cadherins of adherens junctions, are part of the cadherin superfamily. Desmogleins 1-4 and desmocollins 1-3 are found in the human epidermis (Fig. 2). The intracellular ends of desmosomal cadherins are inserted in the molecular network of adaptor ...
An Arabidopsis Minute
... we now know that eukaryotic ribosomes consist of 82 different, highly conserved proteins (Wool et al., 1995). The importance of the protein translation machinery in a given process can be studied by analysing the effect of a single rp mutation, as the absence of a single RP prevents assembly of the ...
... we now know that eukaryotic ribosomes consist of 82 different, highly conserved proteins (Wool et al., 1995). The importance of the protein translation machinery in a given process can be studied by analysing the effect of a single rp mutation, as the absence of a single RP prevents assembly of the ...
Protein Synthesis and Quality Control at the Endoplasmic Reticulum
... (Figure 1A). However, experimental confirmation of this hypothesis proved very difficult to obtain, and alternative models involving direct movement of the nascent chain through the non-polar core of the ER membrane (Figure 1B) were also proposed (e.g. [7]). These competing models were debated vigor ...
... (Figure 1A). However, experimental confirmation of this hypothesis proved very difficult to obtain, and alternative models involving direct movement of the nascent chain through the non-polar core of the ER membrane (Figure 1B) were also proposed (e.g. [7]). These competing models were debated vigor ...
(Danio rerio) cryptochrome genes
... Cryptochrome (Cry) genes play important roles in circadian regulation and photoreception . While zebrafish are known to have six cry genes, their evolutionary relationships and the mechanisms underlying their functional divergence are not yet fully resolved . Here we aim to elucidate the mechanisms ...
... Cryptochrome (Cry) genes play important roles in circadian regulation and photoreception . While zebrafish are known to have six cry genes, their evolutionary relationships and the mechanisms underlying their functional divergence are not yet fully resolved . Here we aim to elucidate the mechanisms ...
Supplemental file S8 to
... presence in the genome and their protein domain recombination promiscuity [3,4]. It was found that some domains are always high ranking (e.g., SH3 and PH domains), whereas others are only present in relatively low numbers or merely display their promiscuity in higher organisms. To determine the rela ...
... presence in the genome and their protein domain recombination promiscuity [3,4]. It was found that some domains are always high ranking (e.g., SH3 and PH domains), whereas others are only present in relatively low numbers or merely display their promiscuity in higher organisms. To determine the rela ...
Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex
... antibody and the protein revealed using ECL (Amersham). Lanes 1 and 2 are duplicates containing supernatants of mock immunodepletions using pre-immune IgG. Lane 3 contains the supernatant from antiCDC5L antibody immunodepleted nuclear extract and lane 4 is similar to lane 3 except that the antibody ...
... antibody and the protein revealed using ECL (Amersham). Lanes 1 and 2 are duplicates containing supernatants of mock immunodepletions using pre-immune IgG. Lane 3 contains the supernatant from antiCDC5L antibody immunodepleted nuclear extract and lane 4 is similar to lane 3 except that the antibody ...
proposal-aug25
... function of intrinsically disordered regions. Although some disordered regions become ordered upon binding, many are thought to remain in predominantly disordered conformations in vivo [43] and their functions often take advantage of this structural flexibility [44]. In addition, disordered regions ...
... function of intrinsically disordered regions. Although some disordered regions become ordered upon binding, many are thought to remain in predominantly disordered conformations in vivo [43] and their functions often take advantage of this structural flexibility [44]. In addition, disordered regions ...
Dual transcriptional activities of SIX proteins define
... Abigail M. Anderson, Bonnie M. Weasner, Brandon P. Weasner and Justin P. Kumar* SUMMARY The SIX family of homeodomain-containing DNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in both Drosophila and vertebrate retinal specification. In flies, three such family members exist, but only two, Sine oculis (So) ...
... Abigail M. Anderson, Bonnie M. Weasner, Brandon P. Weasner and Justin P. Kumar* SUMMARY The SIX family of homeodomain-containing DNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in both Drosophila and vertebrate retinal specification. In flies, three such family members exist, but only two, Sine oculis (So) ...
Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the
... Podocytes are essential for the function of the kidney glomerular filter. A highly differentiated cytoskeleton is requisite for their integrity. Although much knowledge has been gained on the organization of cortical actin networks in podocyte’s foot processes, less is known about the molecular orga ...
... Podocytes are essential for the function of the kidney glomerular filter. A highly differentiated cytoskeleton is requisite for their integrity. Although much knowledge has been gained on the organization of cortical actin networks in podocyte’s foot processes, less is known about the molecular orga ...
Lethal protein produced in response to competition
... of the proteins on P. dendritiformis colony growth, various concentrations of subtilisin were placed near growing colonies (Fig. 3A). Low subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Upper Line) promoted bacterial reproduction and colony expansion, whereas higher subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Middle Line) initially pr ...
... of the proteins on P. dendritiformis colony growth, various concentrations of subtilisin were placed near growing colonies (Fig. 3A). Low subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Upper Line) promoted bacterial reproduction and colony expansion, whereas higher subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Middle Line) initially pr ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 2007). The E. coli MreB cytoskeletal ring was shown to contain also the MreB-interacting proteins MreC, MreD, Pbp2, and RodA proteins. Whereas the MreB, MreC, MreD, and RodA were each able to independently assemble into the cytoskeletal ring, incorporation of Pbp2 into the ring required MreC (Vats e ...
... 2007). The E. coli MreB cytoskeletal ring was shown to contain also the MreB-interacting proteins MreC, MreD, Pbp2, and RodA proteins. Whereas the MreB, MreC, MreD, and RodA were each able to independently assemble into the cytoskeletal ring, incorporation of Pbp2 into the ring required MreC (Vats e ...
Pairwise sequence alignment - uni
... • Homology: Similarity attributed to descent from a common ancestor. • Orthologs: Homologous sequences in different species that arose from a common ancestral gene during speciation; may or may not be responsible for a similar function. • Paralogs: Homologous sequences within a single species ...
... • Homology: Similarity attributed to descent from a common ancestor. • Orthologs: Homologous sequences in different species that arose from a common ancestral gene during speciation; may or may not be responsible for a similar function. • Paralogs: Homologous sequences within a single species ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.