![The Golgi-Localized Arabidopsis Endomembrane](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017583489_1-1a2f7dbe863e2801b8df5aaa9d066fb2-300x300.png)
The Golgi-Localized Arabidopsis Endomembrane
... to a defect in cellular adhesion and inefficient phagocytosis (Cornillon et al., 2000); similarly, Phg1b played a synergistic but not redundant role in controlling cellular adhesion and phagocytosis (Benghezal et al., 2003). EMPs in yeast were also found to be required for cell adhesion and filamentou ...
... to a defect in cellular adhesion and inefficient phagocytosis (Cornillon et al., 2000); similarly, Phg1b played a synergistic but not redundant role in controlling cellular adhesion and phagocytosis (Benghezal et al., 2003). EMPs in yeast were also found to be required for cell adhesion and filamentou ...
GLYCOLIPID ANCHORING OF CELL SURFACE PROTEINS Mark C
... the action of an endogenous enzyme,35,37 which removed myristic acid from the VSG38 while generating the 'cross reacting determinant' (CRD), the only common immunogenic structure observed between different VSG variants.39,40 The CRD itself is associated with a complex oligosaccharide that was attach ...
... the action of an endogenous enzyme,35,37 which removed myristic acid from the VSG38 while generating the 'cross reacting determinant' (CRD), the only common immunogenic structure observed between different VSG variants.39,40 The CRD itself is associated with a complex oligosaccharide that was attach ...
Jon Magnuson, Glenn Fryxell, Linda Lasure, Doug Elliot (PNNL)
... Microscopic reversibility means that outside cells, reactions A --> B and B --> A are feasible. Unlike typical chemical catalysts, enzymatic reactions occur at ambient conditions; i.e. green technology. Enzyme fragility has been a primary limiting factor in applications. Our breakthrough is applicab ...
... Microscopic reversibility means that outside cells, reactions A --> B and B --> A are feasible. Unlike typical chemical catalysts, enzymatic reactions occur at ambient conditions; i.e. green technology. Enzyme fragility has been a primary limiting factor in applications. Our breakthrough is applicab ...
Subcellular Localization and Functional Analysis
... (Rutherford and Moore, 2002; Fig. 2A). The high degree of sequence identity among the five RabE proteins, equal to or higher than 86%, suggests functional redundancy. However, members of a gene family could be preferentially expressed in different tissues, at specific developmental stages, or in res ...
... (Rutherford and Moore, 2002; Fig. 2A). The high degree of sequence identity among the five RabE proteins, equal to or higher than 86%, suggests functional redundancy. However, members of a gene family could be preferentially expressed in different tissues, at specific developmental stages, or in res ...
The importance of alternative splicing in the drug discovery process
... receptor α (ERα) was used for several years as a model to Antisense oligonucleotides can be designed to inhibit study the function of the gene. However, it turned out that abnormal, disease-causing splicing. Such an approach was not all the gene is shut down and a residual binding activused to corre ...
... receptor α (ERα) was used for several years as a model to Antisense oligonucleotides can be designed to inhibit study the function of the gene. However, it turned out that abnormal, disease-causing splicing. Such an approach was not all the gene is shut down and a residual binding activused to corre ...
HSP101 functions as a specific translational
... The 5ⴕ leader (⍀) of tobacco mosaic viral RNA functions as a translational enhancer. Sequence analysis of a 102-kD protein, identified previously as a specific ⍀ RNA-binding protein, revealed homology to the HSP101/HSP104/ClpB family of heat shock proteins and its expression in yeast complemented a ...
... The 5ⴕ leader (⍀) of tobacco mosaic viral RNA functions as a translational enhancer. Sequence analysis of a 102-kD protein, identified previously as a specific ⍀ RNA-binding protein, revealed homology to the HSP101/HSP104/ClpB family of heat shock proteins and its expression in yeast complemented a ...
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Production for Unnatural Amino Acid
... acids. Unnatural amino acids are not found in natural biological proteins; they are synthesized artificially to possess useful properties which are then conferred upon any protein made with them. However, current methods for incorporating unnatural amino acids do not allow incorporation of more than ...
... acids. Unnatural amino acids are not found in natural biological proteins; they are synthesized artificially to possess useful properties which are then conferred upon any protein made with them. However, current methods for incorporating unnatural amino acids do not allow incorporation of more than ...
Involvement of Sox1, 2 and 3 in the early and subsequent molecular
... major components δEF2a and δEF2b in the lens appeared to be present only in the lens and the nervous system, among the tissues examined (Kamachi and Kondoh, 1993). Subsequently, efforts to characterize δEF2 identified SOX2 as one of the proteins, δEF2a (Kamachi et al., 1995). SOX proteins comprise a ...
... major components δEF2a and δEF2b in the lens appeared to be present only in the lens and the nervous system, among the tissues examined (Kamachi and Kondoh, 1993). Subsequently, efforts to characterize δEF2 identified SOX2 as one of the proteins, δEF2a (Kamachi et al., 1995). SOX proteins comprise a ...
Systems‐based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals
... deficit, on these processes is also well known at the leaf and cell levels in both 2D (Cookson et al, 2006) and 3D (Wuyts et al, 2012). The successive steps of leaf growth are characterised by distinct spatial and temporal molecular profiles. Specific gene expression patterns during leaf initiation refl ...
... deficit, on these processes is also well known at the leaf and cell levels in both 2D (Cookson et al, 2006) and 3D (Wuyts et al, 2012). The successive steps of leaf growth are characterised by distinct spatial and temporal molecular profiles. Specific gene expression patterns during leaf initiation refl ...
Jamieson
... All aerobically growing organisms suffer exposure to oxidative stress, caused by partially reduced forms of molecular oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as DNA, lipids and proteins. Consequently, cells from man ...
... All aerobically growing organisms suffer exposure to oxidative stress, caused by partially reduced forms of molecular oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as DNA, lipids and proteins. Consequently, cells from man ...
Figure 1000G Allele Frequencies
... S1. [11] had another rule for transcripts containing more than two 3’UTRs in the transcript. However, we observed that the stop codons in Ensembl gene annotation did not follow this particular rule, so we eliminated this rule and simply followed rule 2 if there was more than one 3’ UTR. c. Eukaryoti ...
... S1. [11] had another rule for transcripts containing more than two 3’UTRs in the transcript. However, we observed that the stop codons in Ensembl gene annotation did not follow this particular rule, so we eliminated this rule and simply followed rule 2 if there was more than one 3’ UTR. c. Eukaryoti ...
PDF
... gene function in detail. These tools should enable manipulation of gene function in specific tissues at a chosen time point during development. In zebrafish, one of the most commonly used tools to manipulate gene function is antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) that bind to mRNA. They can be ...
... gene function in detail. These tools should enable manipulation of gene function in specific tissues at a chosen time point during development. In zebrafish, one of the most commonly used tools to manipulate gene function is antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) that bind to mRNA. They can be ...
29.9 Tanaka
... This makes it possible to easily manipulate functional membrane constituents using tangential electrical fields or temperature gradients, as the drift velocity of proteins is proportional to the passive diffusion coefficient Dv. Here, measurements of diffusion coefficient D can provide valuable info ...
... This makes it possible to easily manipulate functional membrane constituents using tangential electrical fields or temperature gradients, as the drift velocity of proteins is proportional to the passive diffusion coefficient Dv. Here, measurements of diffusion coefficient D can provide valuable info ...
Articulins and epiplasmins - Journal of Cell Science
... epiplasm generally reveals many different molecular mass bands, with a pronounced interspecific variation in banding pattern, even among closely related species that are nearly identical morphologically (see, for example, Williams et al., 1984). Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed a ...
... epiplasm generally reveals many different molecular mass bands, with a pronounced interspecific variation in banding pattern, even among closely related species that are nearly identical morphologically (see, for example, Williams et al., 1984). Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed a ...
Document
... permeability and reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suggesting that the prebiotic diet reduces uptake of bacterial products from the gut lumen. As gut permeability can be regulated at the level of the tight junction between epithelial cells, the investigators examined the expression of the tigh ...
... permeability and reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suggesting that the prebiotic diet reduces uptake of bacterial products from the gut lumen. As gut permeability can be regulated at the level of the tight junction between epithelial cells, the investigators examined the expression of the tigh ...
An Enhanced System for Unnatural Amino Acid
... CUA (Tyr) or tRNACUA (opt) and the pAcF-RS under the control of glnS′ (glnS'), araBAD (araB), or both (dual) were analyzed for their ability to suppress an amber mutant at position 151 in GFP in the presence (blue) or in the absence (red) of 1 mM pAcF. In one constructs, pAcF-RS was replaced by the ...
... CUA (Tyr) or tRNACUA (opt) and the pAcF-RS under the control of glnS′ (glnS'), araBAD (araB), or both (dual) were analyzed for their ability to suppress an amber mutant at position 151 in GFP in the presence (blue) or in the absence (red) of 1 mM pAcF. In one constructs, pAcF-RS was replaced by the ...
Word file: Analysis of alternative splicing in Drosophila
... M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, fax: 713-834-6339; Email: [email protected] ...
... M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, fax: 713-834-6339; Email: [email protected] ...
Bitis gabonica rhinoceros
... followed by transfer to a PVDF membrane and (ii) glycosylation detection using the ECL glycoprotein detection module according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Deglycosylation was achieved by mixing 100 mg of purified protein in 0.02M Tris-HCl pH 7.4 with 5 units of N Glycosidase F and incubating for ...
... followed by transfer to a PVDF membrane and (ii) glycosylation detection using the ECL glycoprotein detection module according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Deglycosylation was achieved by mixing 100 mg of purified protein in 0.02M Tris-HCl pH 7.4 with 5 units of N Glycosidase F and incubating for ...
C3 receptors on macrophages - Journal of Cell Science
... by stretches of tetrabasic residues which are probably removed by a common set of enzymes. The pro-C4 and pro-C3 are of similar molecular sizes and their primary amino acid sequences, as derived from their cDNA sequences, show an identity of about 25 % after alignment. Both are activated similarly b ...
... by stretches of tetrabasic residues which are probably removed by a common set of enzymes. The pro-C4 and pro-C3 are of similar molecular sizes and their primary amino acid sequences, as derived from their cDNA sequences, show an identity of about 25 % after alignment. Both are activated similarly b ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Potassium uptake systems of
... The genomic arrangements, together with the sizes of these genes of MTB and other mycobacterial species, some of which are clinically relevant in humans or animals, while others are non-pathogenic, are illustrated in Figure 1. Most of the mycobacterial species encode at least two trk (ceoBC) genes, ...
... The genomic arrangements, together with the sizes of these genes of MTB and other mycobacterial species, some of which are clinically relevant in humans or animals, while others are non-pathogenic, are illustrated in Figure 1. Most of the mycobacterial species encode at least two trk (ceoBC) genes, ...
GFP is the way to glow: bioimaging of the plant endomembrane
... and microfilaments labelled with fluorescent proteins. 2.3. Golgi imaging in vivo Studies on the dynamics of the plant Golgi are relatively young in comparison with their mammalian counterparts, due to the absence of genuine plant Golgi enzymes to be fused to GFP and used as in vivo markers. The fir ...
... and microfilaments labelled with fluorescent proteins. 2.3. Golgi imaging in vivo Studies on the dynamics of the plant Golgi are relatively young in comparison with their mammalian counterparts, due to the absence of genuine plant Golgi enzymes to be fused to GFP and used as in vivo markers. The fir ...
The 10 autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular - Genoma
... contains over 55 exons and spans a region of 150 kb [7,8, 45]. The clinical picture is on an average less severe than all other AR-LGMD forms although there is a wide intra and interfamilial variability [46,47]. We also observed this in 81 Brazilian patients (40 males and 41 females) from 26 familie ...
... contains over 55 exons and spans a region of 150 kb [7,8, 45]. The clinical picture is on an average less severe than all other AR-LGMD forms although there is a wide intra and interfamilial variability [46,47]. We also observed this in 81 Brazilian patients (40 males and 41 females) from 26 familie ...
University of Groningen Cross-linking of dimeric CitS and GltS
... Lolkema 1996, Sobczak and Lolkema 2003). pBADCitS encodes the CitS protein extended with a N-terminal His6-tag and an enterokinase cleavage site. pSB260 is a pBlueScript II (Stratagene) derivative containing the citS gene with the gene encoding BAD inserted in a NcoI restriction site at a position c ...
... Lolkema 1996, Sobczak and Lolkema 2003). pBADCitS encodes the CitS protein extended with a N-terminal His6-tag and an enterokinase cleavage site. pSB260 is a pBlueScript II (Stratagene) derivative containing the citS gene with the gene encoding BAD inserted in a NcoI restriction site at a position c ...
View Full PDF - Biochemical Society Transactions
... glycosylated and a recent study has demonstrated that CIMPR can interact with the LIMP2–β-GC complex through a specific glycosylation site on LIMP2. This will in turn form a ternary complex which would be the trafficking competent complex [49]. Yet, this hypothesis is in disagreement with ...
... glycosylated and a recent study has demonstrated that CIMPR can interact with the LIMP2–β-GC complex through a specific glycosylation site on LIMP2. This will in turn form a ternary complex which would be the trafficking competent complex [49]. Yet, this hypothesis is in disagreement with ...
Lysosomal and vacuolar sorting: not so different
... glycosylated and a recent study has demonstrated that CIMPR can interact with the LIMP2–β-GC complex through a specific glycosylation site on LIMP2. This will in turn form a ternary complex which would be the trafficking competent complex [49]. Yet, this hypothesis is in disagreement with ...
... glycosylated and a recent study has demonstrated that CIMPR can interact with the LIMP2–β-GC complex through a specific glycosylation site on LIMP2. This will in turn form a ternary complex which would be the trafficking competent complex [49]. Yet, this hypothesis is in disagreement with ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.