Central synapse and neuromuscular junction: same players
... Fig. 1. The central synapse in the brain and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formed between motor neuron and skeletal muscle. (a) Morphology of a neuron. Two kinds of neuritic processes, axon and dendrite, are extended from the cell body. The axon is responsible for sending out signals to other neu ...
... Fig. 1. The central synapse in the brain and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formed between motor neuron and skeletal muscle. (a) Morphology of a neuron. Two kinds of neuritic processes, axon and dendrite, are extended from the cell body. The axon is responsible for sending out signals to other neu ...
Intrinsically Disordered Linker and Plasma Membrane
... defined microenvironments arose. Several means of communication between these organelles evolved to coordinate these processes. One of them is through the formation of direct contact sites between their membranes (1–4). Contact sites were already described in the 1950s and defined as heterologous me ...
... defined microenvironments arose. Several means of communication between these organelles evolved to coordinate these processes. One of them is through the formation of direct contact sites between their membranes (1–4). Contact sites were already described in the 1950s and defined as heterologous me ...
F factor conjugation is a true type IV secretion system
... reverse of assembly, whereby the pilin subunits return to the membrane and possibly serve to stabilize the mating pair or be a part of the conjugative pore. Homology studies have revealed that the pilin gene appears to have been shu¥ed among various T4SS during evolution. For example, the IncHI1 pla ...
... reverse of assembly, whereby the pilin subunits return to the membrane and possibly serve to stabilize the mating pair or be a part of the conjugative pore. Homology studies have revealed that the pilin gene appears to have been shu¥ed among various T4SS during evolution. For example, the IncHI1 pla ...
Characterization of Tbc2, a nucleus
... other factors do not resemble any known protein in the database. These include the Chlamydomonas Ac115 protein which is implicated in the translation elongation of the psbD mRNA (Rattanachaikunsopon et al., 1999). The control of expression of the chloroplast genes encoding the major core photosystem ...
... other factors do not resemble any known protein in the database. These include the Chlamydomonas Ac115 protein which is implicated in the translation elongation of the psbD mRNA (Rattanachaikunsopon et al., 1999). The control of expression of the chloroplast genes encoding the major core photosystem ...
Reference
... proposal. In Sub-Project (I), we focus on the novel function of Sp1 that could serve as an anchor protein to recruit other transcription factors to the gene promoter in the regulation of gene expression. The functional role of post-translational modification (phosphorylation and acetylation) of tran ...
... proposal. In Sub-Project (I), we focus on the novel function of Sp1 that could serve as an anchor protein to recruit other transcription factors to the gene promoter in the regulation of gene expression. The functional role of post-translational modification (phosphorylation and acetylation) of tran ...
gfp - Ana Maria Caputo
... effective. The band for the control was also this length, but it was much thinner than that of the replicated band. There should have been no band present run in the control because no DNA was introduced to that culture at all. Perhaps the sample used had a few gfp plasmids present before the experi ...
... effective. The band for the control was also this length, but it was much thinner than that of the replicated band. There should have been no band present run in the control because no DNA was introduced to that culture at all. Perhaps the sample used had a few gfp plasmids present before the experi ...
interaction of salinity and temperature on net protein synthesis and
... different salinities of growth medium, differcnt mechanisms are involved in the inhibition of precursor incorporation into protein at 24C. Since the decrease in uptake precedes the decrease in incorporation of precursor into protein at 40%0, the apparent decrease in protein synthesis at 24C may resu ...
... different salinities of growth medium, differcnt mechanisms are involved in the inhibition of precursor incorporation into protein at 24C. Since the decrease in uptake precedes the decrease in incorporation of precursor into protein at 40%0, the apparent decrease in protein synthesis at 24C may resu ...
Heterodimerization of the Two Motor Subunits of the Heterotrimeric
... 1992; Kondo et al., 1994), Drosophila Klp68D and Klp64D (Pesavento et al., 1994), the Chlamydomonas Fla10 gene product, KHP1 (Walther et al., 1994), and Caenorhabditis elegans Osm-3 (Shakir et al., 1993; Tabish et al., 1995). The motor domains of SpKRP85 and SpKRP95 display approximately 60% or grea ...
... 1992; Kondo et al., 1994), Drosophila Klp68D and Klp64D (Pesavento et al., 1994), the Chlamydomonas Fla10 gene product, KHP1 (Walther et al., 1994), and Caenorhabditis elegans Osm-3 (Shakir et al., 1993; Tabish et al., 1995). The motor domains of SpKRP85 and SpKRP95 display approximately 60% or grea ...
PDF
... decrease as a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies, isolated preovulatory rat follicles were incubated for various times with or without LH. Because NPR2 is located in the plasma membrane, ...
... decrease as a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies, isolated preovulatory rat follicles were incubated for various times with or without LH. Because NPR2 is located in the plasma membrane, ...
Protein S deficiency
... hydrate side chains of unknown function. The second LamG domain has been shown to play a role in the APC-mediated cleavages of both factor Va and VIIIa. The C4b-BP binding site on protein S is fully contained in the LamG domains, both LamG1 and LamG2 contributing to the binding.9 Protein S and APC f ...
... hydrate side chains of unknown function. The second LamG domain has been shown to play a role in the APC-mediated cleavages of both factor Va and VIIIa. The C4b-BP binding site on protein S is fully contained in the LamG domains, both LamG1 and LamG2 contributing to the binding.9 Protein S and APC f ...
SNARE Complex Proteins in Rat Mast Cells Phosphorylation of
... and basophils, indicating the involvement of these proteins in leukocyte degranulation. It has been well-established that leukocyte degranulation requires a higher chemoattractant concentration than chemotaxis, which may reflect the need for activation of multiple signaling pathways for degranulatio ...
... and basophils, indicating the involvement of these proteins in leukocyte degranulation. It has been well-established that leukocyte degranulation requires a higher chemoattractant concentration than chemotaxis, which may reflect the need for activation of multiple signaling pathways for degranulatio ...
Using storage organelles for the accumulation and encapsulation of
... available within a species, such as transgenic tobacco, transplastomic tobacco, transient expression in tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plant viruses or hybrids thereof, hydroponic tobacco root secretion, hairy root cultures, and tobacco suspension cells [5]. This diversity has resulted in ...
... available within a species, such as transgenic tobacco, transplastomic tobacco, transient expression in tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plant viruses or hybrids thereof, hydroponic tobacco root secretion, hairy root cultures, and tobacco suspension cells [5]. This diversity has resulted in ...
Chapt. 10: Protein Sorting, Transport: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
... Posttranslation translocation (more common in yeast): • Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes • Signal sequences recognized by receptors on translocon (not need SRP) • Hsp70 chaperones keep polypeptide chains unfolded so can enter translocon • Hsp70 chaperone in ER (BiP) acts as ratchet to pull pol ...
... Posttranslation translocation (more common in yeast): • Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes • Signal sequences recognized by receptors on translocon (not need SRP) • Hsp70 chaperones keep polypeptide chains unfolded so can enter translocon • Hsp70 chaperone in ER (BiP) acts as ratchet to pull pol ...
Impact of clostridial glucosylating toxins on the
... cell death in colonic cells. Whether all toxin effects on target cells depend on catalytic glucosyltransferase activity is unclear at present. Thus, we conducted a proteome approach to compare the protein profile of target cells treated either with wild type toxin A (rTcdA wt) or with a catalyticall ...
... cell death in colonic cells. Whether all toxin effects on target cells depend on catalytic glucosyltransferase activity is unclear at present. Thus, we conducted a proteome approach to compare the protein profile of target cells treated either with wild type toxin A (rTcdA wt) or with a catalyticall ...
A commentary on the G2/M transition of the plant cell cycle
... activity that have been detected in higher plants under ‘control’ conditions (Rhee et al., 2003; Lentz Grønlund, 2008; Malladi and Johnson, 2011). This still begs the question: what, if anything, is WEE1 doing in ‘normal’ plant cell cycles? The lack of any obvious mutant phenotype of T-DNA insertion ...
... activity that have been detected in higher plants under ‘control’ conditions (Rhee et al., 2003; Lentz Grønlund, 2008; Malladi and Johnson, 2011). This still begs the question: what, if anything, is WEE1 doing in ‘normal’ plant cell cycles? The lack of any obvious mutant phenotype of T-DNA insertion ...
Not just another hole in the wall: understanding intercellular protein
... membrane subdomains associated with plasmodesmata. In support of this hypothesis, expression of antisense of LeRab11a in tomato led to plants with reduced apical dominance, determinate growth, branched inflorescences, abnormal floral structure, and ectopic shoot growth on leaves. These pleiotropic e ...
... membrane subdomains associated with plasmodesmata. In support of this hypothesis, expression of antisense of LeRab11a in tomato led to plants with reduced apical dominance, determinate growth, branched inflorescences, abnormal floral structure, and ectopic shoot growth on leaves. These pleiotropic e ...
ppt
... • Pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes • Newly synthesized proteins briefly labeled with radioisotopes, chased with nonradioactive • Proteins located by autoradiography. ...
... • Pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes • Newly synthesized proteins briefly labeled with radioisotopes, chased with nonradioactive • Proteins located by autoradiography. ...
supplementary text
... throughout the simulations. Distance between Asp399-Lys403 pair (Asp399 belongs to Loop1 while Lys403 overlooked the active site) was comparatively less in TdT-long form(10.29±0.5Å compared to 11.71±0.48 Å). This supports the idea that Loop1 region may be more rigid (especially towards the active si ...
... throughout the simulations. Distance between Asp399-Lys403 pair (Asp399 belongs to Loop1 while Lys403 overlooked the active site) was comparatively less in TdT-long form(10.29±0.5Å compared to 11.71±0.48 Å). This supports the idea that Loop1 region may be more rigid (especially towards the active si ...
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
... Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc³aw, Wroc³aw, Poland Abstract: The review is focused on the domain structure and function of protein 4.1, one of the proteins belonging to the membrane skeleton. The protein 4.1 of the red blood cells (4.1R) is a multifunctional protein that localizes to t ...
... Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc³aw, Wroc³aw, Poland Abstract: The review is focused on the domain structure and function of protein 4.1, one of the proteins belonging to the membrane skeleton. The protein 4.1 of the red blood cells (4.1R) is a multifunctional protein that localizes to t ...
model 3 - Instructure
... 6. a. Circle the ribosome binding site (RBS) in the mRNA. b. Is the RBS closer to the 5' or 3' end of the mRNA? _____ b. Which are more prevalent in the RBS, pyrimidines or purines? __________________ c. What types of bonds hold the mRNA and small ribosomal subunit together? __________ 7. a. Does th ...
... 6. a. Circle the ribosome binding site (RBS) in the mRNA. b. Is the RBS closer to the 5' or 3' end of the mRNA? _____ b. Which are more prevalent in the RBS, pyrimidines or purines? __________________ c. What types of bonds hold the mRNA and small ribosomal subunit together? __________ 7. a. Does th ...
Caldicellulosiruptor tāpirins bind to crystalline cellulose! ! 1 Discrete
... adhesion of cells to cellulose in F. succinogenes (11) and R. flavefaciens (18). The genus Caldicellulosiruptor employs a variety of multifunctional enzymes, both cellanchored and “free”, to deconstruct plant biomass at high temperatures (65 to 80°C, 19-21). In fact, one of the notable characteristi ...
... adhesion of cells to cellulose in F. succinogenes (11) and R. flavefaciens (18). The genus Caldicellulosiruptor employs a variety of multifunctional enzymes, both cellanchored and “free”, to deconstruct plant biomass at high temperatures (65 to 80°C, 19-21). In fact, one of the notable characteristi ...
Review on G protein coupled receptors A Satish Chandra, M Rama
... behavior and physiology. This is the largest class of receptors, with several hundred GPCRs identified thus far. Examples are receptors for hormones such as calcitonin and luteinizing hormone or neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. G protein-coupled receptors can be involved in patholog ...
... behavior and physiology. This is the largest class of receptors, with several hundred GPCRs identified thus far. Examples are receptors for hormones such as calcitonin and luteinizing hormone or neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. G protein-coupled receptors can be involved in patholog ...
Brassinosteroid signal transduction – choices of signals and receptors
... (BRs) are perceived by the cell surface receptor kinase BRI1, which is distinct from the animal steroid receptors. Identification of components of the BR signaling pathway has revealed similarities to other animal and plant signal transduction pathways. Recent studies demonstrated that tomato BRI1 ( ...
... (BRs) are perceived by the cell surface receptor kinase BRI1, which is distinct from the animal steroid receptors. Identification of components of the BR signaling pathway has revealed similarities to other animal and plant signal transduction pathways. Recent studies demonstrated that tomato BRI1 ( ...
Arsenic Trioxide-Dependent Activation of Thousand-and
... MAPK pathway enhances arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells (Wen et al., 2008), suggesting a similar negative feedback mechanism in these cells. Because there is emerging evidence that the p38 MAPK pathway plays an important regulatory role in the generation of arsenic trioxid ...
... MAPK pathway enhances arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells (Wen et al., 2008), suggesting a similar negative feedback mechanism in these cells. Because there is emerging evidence that the p38 MAPK pathway plays an important regulatory role in the generation of arsenic trioxid ...
Molecular Chaperones in the Cytosol: from Nascent Chain to Folded
... peptide-binding domain (38) of Hsp70 shown representatively for E. coli DnaK, generated with the program MOLSCRIPT (87). The ␣-helical latch of the peptide binding domain is shown in yellow and a ball-andstick model of the extended peptide substrate in pink. ATP indicates the position of the nucleot ...
... peptide-binding domain (38) of Hsp70 shown representatively for E. coli DnaK, generated with the program MOLSCRIPT (87). The ␣-helical latch of the peptide binding domain is shown in yellow and a ball-andstick model of the extended peptide substrate in pink. ATP indicates the position of the nucleot ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.