chemistry bulletin 2005
... the BioD superfamily. The TRAFAC class encompasses the proteins discussed in this review and is characterized by a conserved β-strand topology where strand 3, adjacent to the Walker B strand, is uniquely anti-parallel and there is a conserved threonine or serine with a key role in Mg2+ coordination ...
... the BioD superfamily. The TRAFAC class encompasses the proteins discussed in this review and is characterized by a conserved β-strand topology where strand 3, adjacent to the Walker B strand, is uniquely anti-parallel and there is a conserved threonine or serine with a key role in Mg2+ coordination ...
Document
... It should be noted that the RASRAFMEKMAPK pathway is only one example of so called “MAPK pathways” Two other mammalian MAPK pathways involving JNK1 and p38, are involved in stress responses (they are also “MAPK pathways). JNK pathway: a family of MAPK relatives known as JNKs (also called ...
... It should be noted that the RASRAFMEKMAPK pathway is only one example of so called “MAPK pathways” Two other mammalian MAPK pathways involving JNK1 and p38, are involved in stress responses (they are also “MAPK pathways). JNK pathway: a family of MAPK relatives known as JNKs (also called ...
General principles of cellular communication
... generally has many more genes encoding components of the seven developmental signalling pathways than does the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the latter has many more putative nuclear hormone receptors (Table 1). Not only have genes encoding signalling components been acquired during evolutio ...
... generally has many more genes encoding components of the seven developmental signalling pathways than does the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the latter has many more putative nuclear hormone receptors (Table 1). Not only have genes encoding signalling components been acquired during evolutio ...
Molecular Reaction Mechanisms of Proteins
... Asp85 in the L to M transition. Simultaneously a proton is released from a protonated H-bonded network spanned by internal water molecules to the extracellular site. This network is controlled by Arg 82, Glu204 and Glu194. Asp85 reprotonates the network in the O to BR reaction. The Schiff base is or ...
... Asp85 in the L to M transition. Simultaneously a proton is released from a protonated H-bonded network spanned by internal water molecules to the extracellular site. This network is controlled by Arg 82, Glu204 and Glu194. Asp85 reprotonates the network in the O to BR reaction. The Schiff base is or ...
PDF
... The earliest of these events occur between 4 and 5h after the initiation of maturation and involve changes in protein phosphorylation. Fig. 3A compares the phosphorylation patterns in oocytes during the period of protein modification. No consistent changes were observed during the first 4h after the ...
... The earliest of these events occur between 4 and 5h after the initiation of maturation and involve changes in protein phosphorylation. Fig. 3A compares the phosphorylation patterns in oocytes during the period of protein modification. No consistent changes were observed during the first 4h after the ...
Enzymes
... (steady) internal balance. • In living things, homeostasis shares a close relationship with enzyme function. • Enzymes can destroy harmful substances that might disrupt homeostasis. – And homeostasis maintains conditions necessary for enzymes to function. ...
... (steady) internal balance. • In living things, homeostasis shares a close relationship with enzyme function. • Enzymes can destroy harmful substances that might disrupt homeostasis. – And homeostasis maintains conditions necessary for enzymes to function. ...
PHD domains and E3 ubiquitin ligases: viruses make the connection
... functioning as E3 ubiquitin ligases – an activity that requires the PHD motif. These are the first examples linking the PHD domain to E3 activity, but the recent discovery of PHD-dependent E3 activity in the cellular kinase MEKK1 and the close structural relation of PHD domains to RING fingers hint ...
... functioning as E3 ubiquitin ligases – an activity that requires the PHD motif. These are the first examples linking the PHD domain to E3 activity, but the recent discovery of PHD-dependent E3 activity in the cellular kinase MEKK1 and the close structural relation of PHD domains to RING fingers hint ...
Energy unit, part 5, Chemoheterotrophic Nutrition
... ● Why food molecules need to be broken down into smaller molecules for energy to be harvested from them. ● The molecule that is oxidized and the molecule that is reduced in any REDOX reaction. ...
... ● Why food molecules need to be broken down into smaller molecules for energy to be harvested from them. ● The molecule that is oxidized and the molecule that is reduced in any REDOX reaction. ...
Planctomycetes and eukaryotes: A case of analogy not homology
... coat (MC) proteins [32]. Devos and colleagues were unable to find bacterial homologs of MC proteins using any of the traditional methods of sequence analysis. However, instead of concluding that MC proteins are specific for eukaryotes, they performed a sensitive search for any bacterial proteins tha ...
... coat (MC) proteins [32]. Devos and colleagues were unable to find bacterial homologs of MC proteins using any of the traditional methods of sequence analysis. However, instead of concluding that MC proteins are specific for eukaryotes, they performed a sensitive search for any bacterial proteins tha ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... WCS358 mutant strains lacking (part of) the 0-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide but not on wild-type WCS358 cells, unless these cells had previously been washed with 10 mM EDTA. In addition to immunodetection, the phoE-caa marker gene could be specifically detected by PCR with one primer directed to ...
... WCS358 mutant strains lacking (part of) the 0-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide but not on wild-type WCS358 cells, unless these cells had previously been washed with 10 mM EDTA. In addition to immunodetection, the phoE-caa marker gene could be specifically detected by PCR with one primer directed to ...
The Possible DNA-binding Nature of the Regulatory Proteins
... several genes (Savva & Mandelstam, 1986) whereas others apparently code for only one gene each (see below). New sporulation loci are still being discovered, though at a diminishing rate, and the total number has been estimated on a statistical basis at about 60 (Hranueli et al., 1974). It thus appea ...
... several genes (Savva & Mandelstam, 1986) whereas others apparently code for only one gene each (see below). New sporulation loci are still being discovered, though at a diminishing rate, and the total number has been estimated on a statistical basis at about 60 (Hranueli et al., 1974). It thus appea ...
Amino Acid Sequence and Domain Structure of Entactin. Homology
... Entactin possesses both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides (29, 49), and two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation (N-X-S or T) are found in the entactin sequence. Sites for the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine to serine or threonine residues do not appear to have a simple consensus sequence, an ...
... Entactin possesses both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides (29, 49), and two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation (N-X-S or T) are found in the entactin sequence. Sites for the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine to serine or threonine residues do not appear to have a simple consensus sequence, an ...
Mapping of Lipid-‐Binding Proteins and Their Ligandability in Cells
... limiting step in eicosanoid formation, and cells lacking cPLA2 are generally devoid of eicosanoids. Liberated fatty acids hypothesized to influence structure are then stereospecifically oxygenated either through the cyclic prostaglandin synthase pathway (prostaglandin H2 epresentation, ...
... limiting step in eicosanoid formation, and cells lacking cPLA2 are generally devoid of eicosanoids. Liberated fatty acids hypothesized to influence structure are then stereospecifically oxygenated either through the cyclic prostaglandin synthase pathway (prostaglandin H2 epresentation, ...
Full Text - Biochemical Society Transactions
... A large research effort has been spent over the last 15 years into understanding the function of plant aquaporins, in particular with relation to their structural features, solute specificity and role in water balance regulation (for recent comprehensive reviews of plant aquaporin functions see [3,4 ...
... A large research effort has been spent over the last 15 years into understanding the function of plant aquaporins, in particular with relation to their structural features, solute specificity and role in water balance regulation (for recent comprehensive reviews of plant aquaporin functions see [3,4 ...
Structure and assembly of the spliceosomal small nuclear
... used to investigate pairwise interactions of the Sm proteins [33•,34•]. Kambach et al. [32••] have been able to arrange all seven Sm proteins within a seven-membered ring (Figure 1d) in a manner that is consistent with all the known pairwise interactions [33•,34•]. The heptameric ring is the only co ...
... used to investigate pairwise interactions of the Sm proteins [33•,34•]. Kambach et al. [32••] have been able to arrange all seven Sm proteins within a seven-membered ring (Figure 1d) in a manner that is consistent with all the known pairwise interactions [33•,34•]. The heptameric ring is the only co ...
The Effect of Osmotic Shock on Release of Bacterial Proteins and on
... ATPase activity and does not catalyze the decomposition of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Although binding appears to be related to transport, the two activities are not identical. Thus, there are transport-negative mutants which show binding activity, and there is an energy requirement for transport but ...
... ATPase activity and does not catalyze the decomposition of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Although binding appears to be related to transport, the two activities are not identical. Thus, there are transport-negative mutants which show binding activity, and there is an energy requirement for transport but ...
Abstract - Earth Journals publisher
... The main targets for G-proteins,through which GPCRs control different aspects of cell function are :adenylate cyclase : the enzyme responsible for cAMP formation phospholipase c : the enzyme responsible for inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol formation ion channels : particularly calcium and potes ...
... The main targets for G-proteins,through which GPCRs control different aspects of cell function are :adenylate cyclase : the enzyme responsible for cAMP formation phospholipase c : the enzyme responsible for inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol formation ion channels : particularly calcium and potes ...
Analysis of Kinase Effects on Viral Replication of the Papillomavirus
... Protein phosphorylation is a common regulatory mechanism in cellular systems. Phosphorylation of proteins can yield a range of changes from subcellular localization, signal transduction, and modifications in stability and activity [22]. Several labs have dedicated years of study to the role of phos ...
... Protein phosphorylation is a common regulatory mechanism in cellular systems. Phosphorylation of proteins can yield a range of changes from subcellular localization, signal transduction, and modifications in stability and activity [22]. Several labs have dedicated years of study to the role of phos ...
Disruption of CEP290 microtubule/membrane-binding domains
... function is critical for this process — in CEP290 knockdown experiments,proteins that would normally localize to the cilium fail to do so (14, 19) and cilium formation is disrupted (20, 21). Once the cilium is formed, CEP290 is found at the ciliary transition zone, the region of the organelle just p ...
... function is critical for this process — in CEP290 knockdown experiments,proteins that would normally localize to the cilium fail to do so (14, 19) and cilium formation is disrupted (20, 21). Once the cilium is formed, CEP290 is found at the ciliary transition zone, the region of the organelle just p ...
Ch. 27 & 28 Notes
... 27.1 ~ Structural, functional, and genetic adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success ...
... 27.1 ~ Structural, functional, and genetic adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success ...
The Formation of the Central Element of the
... cells. These cysts are formed when a germline stem cell, located at the anterior tip of the germarium, divides asymmetrically to produce a daughter cystoblast. In region 1 of the germarium, the cystoblast undergoes a series of four synchronous mitotic divisions with incomplete cytokinesis, resulting ...
... cells. These cysts are formed when a germline stem cell, located at the anterior tip of the germarium, divides asymmetrically to produce a daughter cystoblast. In region 1 of the germarium, the cystoblast undergoes a series of four synchronous mitotic divisions with incomplete cytokinesis, resulting ...
Isolation by Calcium-Dependent Translocation to
... membrane. These proteins were of molecular mass approximately 66, 40, 39, and 35 kD and they have been shown earlier to correspond to annexins.'" Binding to these proteins was to be expected because the cytosol antiserum contains antibodies against annexins I, 11, IV, and VI, as shown by ELISA using ...
... membrane. These proteins were of molecular mass approximately 66, 40, 39, and 35 kD and they have been shown earlier to correspond to annexins.'" Binding to these proteins was to be expected because the cytosol antiserum contains antibodies against annexins I, 11, IV, and VI, as shown by ELISA using ...
Regulation of Photochemical Energy Transfer Accompanied
... These results suggest that L40 is a condition in which more LHCII is associated with PSI among these three samples. Starch granules were observed in L25; however, very few starch granules were observed after heat treatment (Figure 1c,d). This result may be related to the increased activity of starch ...
... These results suggest that L40 is a condition in which more LHCII is associated with PSI among these three samples. Starch granules were observed in L25; however, very few starch granules were observed after heat treatment (Figure 1c,d). This result may be related to the increased activity of starch ...
Here. - Blumenstiel Lab
... cells. These cysts are formed when a germline stem cell, located at the anterior tip of the germarium, divides asymmetrically to produce a daughter cystoblast. In region 1 of the germarium, the cystoblast undergoes a series of four synchronous mitotic divisions with incomplete cytokinesis, resulting ...
... cells. These cysts are formed when a germline stem cell, located at the anterior tip of the germarium, divides asymmetrically to produce a daughter cystoblast. In region 1 of the germarium, the cystoblast undergoes a series of four synchronous mitotic divisions with incomplete cytokinesis, resulting ...
9700/04 - StudyGuide.PK
... Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue o ...
... Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue o ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.