Forces Produced by Protofilament Curls Nucleotide Preference for End Binding Proteins
... • GTPγS microtubules had brighter tips than GTP microtubules • EB3 showed the greatest binding affinity at the tip for both microtubule types • EB2 showed the greatest binding affinity for GTPγS microtubul ...
... • GTPγS microtubules had brighter tips than GTP microtubules • EB3 showed the greatest binding affinity at the tip for both microtubule types • EB2 showed the greatest binding affinity for GTPγS microtubul ...
The Ubiquitin System for Protein Degradation and Some of Its Roles
... reproduces energy-dependent protein degradation in the test tube, essential for the biochemical analysis of this system. For this purpose, we tried different sources, such as liver homogenates and extracts from cultured cells, and even from bacteria. We did not have any success in any of these attem ...
... reproduces energy-dependent protein degradation in the test tube, essential for the biochemical analysis of this system. For this purpose, we tried different sources, such as liver homogenates and extracts from cultured cells, and even from bacteria. We did not have any success in any of these attem ...
Diabetes and Insulin Signaling - National Center for Case Study
... surrounding the amino acid to be phoshorylated. The amino acid sequence creates a specific binding site for the kinase so one kinase can only phosphorylate very specific proteins at specific sites. The addition of phosphate groups to these amino acids can alter the behavior of these proteins by chan ...
... surrounding the amino acid to be phoshorylated. The amino acid sequence creates a specific binding site for the kinase so one kinase can only phosphorylate very specific proteins at specific sites. The addition of phosphate groups to these amino acids can alter the behavior of these proteins by chan ...
Engineering and Identifying Supercharged Proteins
... functional protein molecules directly into cells by translational fusion to supercharged proteins (Cronican et al., 2010). We initially demonstrated delivery of mCherry, ubiquitin, and Cre recombinase into multiple cell types using þ36 GFP (Cronican et al., 2010). These three proteins provide separa ...
... functional protein molecules directly into cells by translational fusion to supercharged proteins (Cronican et al., 2010). We initially demonstrated delivery of mCherry, ubiquitin, and Cre recombinase into multiple cell types using þ36 GFP (Cronican et al., 2010). These three proteins provide separa ...
Gene Section MSF (MLL septin-like fusion) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... However, further evidence for septin roles in neuronal development are suggested by the degradation of CDCREL-1 after ubiquitination by the Parkinson's disease gene parkin and by the association of NEDD5, H5, and DIFF6 septins with neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, these data pre ...
... However, further evidence for septin roles in neuronal development are suggested by the degradation of CDCREL-1 after ubiquitination by the Parkinson's disease gene parkin and by the association of NEDD5, H5, and DIFF6 septins with neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, these data pre ...
9 Production of Proteins from Cloned Genes
... referred to as in vitro experiments (as opposed to experiments on living cells or organisms, which are called in vivo experiments). Our ability to study proteins in vitro depends on two things: the availability of a suitable assay, and the availability of the pure protein. The activity may be a rela ...
... referred to as in vitro experiments (as opposed to experiments on living cells or organisms, which are called in vivo experiments). Our ability to study proteins in vitro depends on two things: the availability of a suitable assay, and the availability of the pure protein. The activity may be a rela ...
Modulation of Retinoblastoma and Retinoblastoma
... revealed that inactivation of the Rb gene was a frequent event in tumomigenesis. Rb is known to play a key mole in the regulation of cell proliferation (4), and it now appears to also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, ...
... revealed that inactivation of the Rb gene was a frequent event in tumomigenesis. Rb is known to play a key mole in the regulation of cell proliferation (4), and it now appears to also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, ...
Rapid analysis of the extracellular matrix protein decorin using the
... factors, such as TGF-β1, and the accumulation of ECM proteins during vascular injury (2–4). Decorin has been shown to influence the proliferative capacity of cells (5). The goal of this study was to produce a biologically active decorin protein, consisting of both the core protein and the GAG chain. ...
... factors, such as TGF-β1, and the accumulation of ECM proteins during vascular injury (2–4). Decorin has been shown to influence the proliferative capacity of cells (5). The goal of this study was to produce a biologically active decorin protein, consisting of both the core protein and the GAG chain. ...
Nuclear Localization and Interaction with COP1 Are Required for
... Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SALT TOLERANCE/B-BOX ZINC FINGER PROTEIN24 (STO/BBX24) is a negative regulator of the light signal transduction that localizes to the nucleus of plant cells and interacts with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid ...
... Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SALT TOLERANCE/B-BOX ZINC FINGER PROTEIN24 (STO/BBX24) is a negative regulator of the light signal transduction that localizes to the nucleus of plant cells and interacts with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid ...
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Problem statement
... A cDNA sequence coding for GNBP has been characterized and identified as DGNBP-1 in Drosophila. It is either soluble or glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored and is expressed on Drosophila immunocompetent cells. It has a high affinity for LPS and β-1,3-glucan, but has no binding affinity for PGN, β- ...
... A cDNA sequence coding for GNBP has been characterized and identified as DGNBP-1 in Drosophila. It is either soluble or glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored and is expressed on Drosophila immunocompetent cells. It has a high affinity for LPS and β-1,3-glucan, but has no binding affinity for PGN, β- ...
Characterizing the O-glycosylation landscape of human plasma
... impaired leukocyte recruitment,13 and high-density lipoprotein levels.14 Dissection of the molecular mechanisms by which O-glycans affect these systems is, however, currently impeded by a lack of knowledge of specific O-glycan sites in vivo. The hemostatic system comprises platelet aggregation, coag ...
... impaired leukocyte recruitment,13 and high-density lipoprotein levels.14 Dissection of the molecular mechanisms by which O-glycans affect these systems is, however, currently impeded by a lack of knowledge of specific O-glycan sites in vivo. The hemostatic system comprises platelet aggregation, coag ...
fibulins: a versatile family of extracellular matrix proteins
... of nine epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like modules, which are also ∼40 residues long with three disulphide bridges (in the pattern Cys1–3, Cys2–4 and Cys5–6). Most of these EGF-like modules have a consensus sequence for calcium ligation, and they are known as calcium-binding EGF (cbEGF)-like modules ...
... of nine epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like modules, which are also ∼40 residues long with three disulphide bridges (in the pattern Cys1–3, Cys2–4 and Cys5–6). Most of these EGF-like modules have a consensus sequence for calcium ligation, and they are known as calcium-binding EGF (cbEGF)-like modules ...
Optimization of ERK Activity Biosensors for both Ratiometric and
... YFP: Yellow Fluorescent Protein 1. Introduction How a cell can integrate numerous external signals to elicit a specific and adapted response with only a limited number of signaling effectors remains a puzzling question. These effectors are finely tuned and regulated by post-translational modificatio ...
... YFP: Yellow Fluorescent Protein 1. Introduction How a cell can integrate numerous external signals to elicit a specific and adapted response with only a limited number of signaling effectors remains a puzzling question. These effectors are finely tuned and regulated by post-translational modificatio ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Quality Control and
... expression has also been shown to be upregulated by other environmental stresses, such as drought (Figueiredo et al., 1997), cold (Anderson et al., 1994), and insect and pathogen attack (Jelitto-Van Dooren et al., 1999). Also, overexpression of plant BiP has been reported to confer drought tolerance ...
... expression has also been shown to be upregulated by other environmental stresses, such as drought (Figueiredo et al., 1997), cold (Anderson et al., 1994), and insect and pathogen attack (Jelitto-Van Dooren et al., 1999). Also, overexpression of plant BiP has been reported to confer drought tolerance ...
A Split-Ubiquitin Based Strategy Selecting for Protein Complex
... other missense mutations were less enriched than D833G. The first acidic cluster of PBCdc24 comprises three aspartate residues (D820, D822, D824) located in a loop behind the second helix (Terasawa et al. 2001, Yoshinaga et al. 2003). Although the Split-Ub assay clearly detects the influence of the ...
... other missense mutations were less enriched than D833G. The first acidic cluster of PBCdc24 comprises three aspartate residues (D820, D822, D824) located in a loop behind the second helix (Terasawa et al. 2001, Yoshinaga et al. 2003). Although the Split-Ub assay clearly detects the influence of the ...
Text S1 Y2H Interactome Mapping The literature was curated to
... We anticipated that only a small fraction of the secretome collection would interact with human proteins, since many secreted proteins play an intrinsic role in the bacterial lifecycle. Thus, we included sixty ORFs that are not likely to be secreted to serve as controls to estimate a false positive ...
... We anticipated that only a small fraction of the secretome collection would interact with human proteins, since many secreted proteins play an intrinsic role in the bacterial lifecycle. Thus, we included sixty ORFs that are not likely to be secreted to serve as controls to estimate a false positive ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... Several large-scale projects attempted to respond to this challenge by building classification systems or ontologies of biological functions. (1) launched as early as 1955 by the International Congress of Biochemistry: Enzyme Commission should establish a nomenclature for enzymes. Each enzymatic fun ...
... Several large-scale projects attempted to respond to this challenge by building classification systems or ontologies of biological functions. (1) launched as early as 1955 by the International Congress of Biochemistry: Enzyme Commission should establish a nomenclature for enzymes. Each enzymatic fun ...
A Activity and Augments IL-2 Production Translation Reconstitutes
... ystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)3 is an idiopathic autoimmune disease characterized by defective cellular immunity. An imbalance of CD4 Th function relative to CD8 T cytotoxic effector activity promotes dysregulated production of natural Abs and pathogenic autoantibodies by B cell clones, polyclona ...
... ystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)3 is an idiopathic autoimmune disease characterized by defective cellular immunity. An imbalance of CD4 Th function relative to CD8 T cytotoxic effector activity promotes dysregulated production of natural Abs and pathogenic autoantibodies by B cell clones, polyclona ...
This is an open-book, 1 week long, take
... The graduate student actually comes up with a fairly novel approach to testing this hypothesis. First, endosomes containing this channel are isolated from macrophages (as described above). The grad student learned in a cell biology course that when membranes are sheared during isolation, they can fo ...
... The graduate student actually comes up with a fairly novel approach to testing this hypothesis. First, endosomes containing this channel are isolated from macrophages (as described above). The grad student learned in a cell biology course that when membranes are sheared during isolation, they can fo ...
Native and Artificial Reticuloplasmins Co
... ER along the rest of the secretory pathway. Ultrastructural studies have shown that reticuloplasmins, such as molecular chaperones, can also be found in post-ER compartments of the seed, such as protein bodies (PBs) or protein storage vacuoles (Levanony et al., 1992; Robinson et al., 1995). The pres ...
... ER along the rest of the secretory pathway. Ultrastructural studies have shown that reticuloplasmins, such as molecular chaperones, can also be found in post-ER compartments of the seed, such as protein bodies (PBs) or protein storage vacuoles (Levanony et al., 1992; Robinson et al., 1995). The pres ...
The Tobacco Homolog of Mammalian Calreticulin
... gel blot analysis provided evidence that both RPLGO and BiP are encoded by multigene families in Arabidopsis (L.E. Carlsson, unpublished results). These results are similar to those reported for the tobacco BiP gene family (Denecke et al., 1991). In this study (Figures 28 and 2C), we describe only o ...
... gel blot analysis provided evidence that both RPLGO and BiP are encoded by multigene families in Arabidopsis (L.E. Carlsson, unpublished results). These results are similar to those reported for the tobacco BiP gene family (Denecke et al., 1991). In this study (Figures 28 and 2C), we describe only o ...
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... thought to be involved in their transport to subsynaptic sites as well as translation regulation. We report a saturating genetic screen of the Drosophila autosomal genome to identify functional partners of dFmr1. We recovered 19 mutations in the tumor suppressor lethal (2) giant larvae (dlgl) gene a ...
... thought to be involved in their transport to subsynaptic sites as well as translation regulation. We report a saturating genetic screen of the Drosophila autosomal genome to identify functional partners of dFmr1. We recovered 19 mutations in the tumor suppressor lethal (2) giant larvae (dlgl) gene a ...
Gram Negative Bacteria
... asymmetric bilayer structure that differs from any other biologic membrane in the structure of the outer leaflet of the membrane. The inner leaflet contains phospholipids normally found in bacterial membranes. However, the outer leaflet is composed primarily of an amphipathic molecule (meaning that ...
... asymmetric bilayer structure that differs from any other biologic membrane in the structure of the outer leaflet of the membrane. The inner leaflet contains phospholipids normally found in bacterial membranes. However, the outer leaflet is composed primarily of an amphipathic molecule (meaning that ...
The TACC proteins: TACC-ling microtubule dynamics and
... muscle [32,33]. In mice, expression was detected at all developmental stages [13]. By contrast, TACC3 is expressed in relatively few adult tissues, but it shows elevated levels in testis and ovary, and in the hematopoietic lineages [17,32,34]. During mouse development, TACC3 is present in all the em ...
... muscle [32,33]. In mice, expression was detected at all developmental stages [13]. By contrast, TACC3 is expressed in relatively few adult tissues, but it shows elevated levels in testis and ovary, and in the hematopoietic lineages [17,32,34]. During mouse development, TACC3 is present in all the em ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.