putative mineral-specific proteins synthesized by a
... manipulations were performed inside an anaerobe chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Ann Arbor, MI) with an atmosphere of N2:H2 (95:5); glass bottles were stopped with butyl rubber stoppers; air was not bubbled through the cultures. Cells were harvested at exponential growth phase by centrifugation. Th ...
... manipulations were performed inside an anaerobe chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Ann Arbor, MI) with an atmosphere of N2:H2 (95:5); glass bottles were stopped with butyl rubber stoppers; air was not bubbled through the cultures. Cells were harvested at exponential growth phase by centrifugation. Th ...
The rhythm of protein synthesis does not depend on oscillations of
... leucine (25 ^Ci/ml, specific activity 75 Ci/mmol). After 10 min of incubation the cells were washed several times with cold (4°C) medium containing an excess of unlabeled leucine and treated with cold 5% perchloric acid for 90 min. Then the monolayer was washed with ethyl alcohol and the proteins we ...
... leucine (25 ^Ci/ml, specific activity 75 Ci/mmol). After 10 min of incubation the cells were washed several times with cold (4°C) medium containing an excess of unlabeled leucine and treated with cold 5% perchloric acid for 90 min. Then the monolayer was washed with ethyl alcohol and the proteins we ...
Plastid-Targeting Peptides from the
... have also spread laterally amongst unrelated eukaryotes by a process called secondary endosymbiosis, in which a primary plastid-containing alga is engulfed and retained by a non-photosynthetic eukaryote (Archibald and Keeling 2002). Secondary plastid-containing organisms account for a significant fr ...
... have also spread laterally amongst unrelated eukaryotes by a process called secondary endosymbiosis, in which a primary plastid-containing alga is engulfed and retained by a non-photosynthetic eukaryote (Archibald and Keeling 2002). Secondary plastid-containing organisms account for a significant fr ...
NEW EMBO MEMBER`S REVIEW Nuclear and cytosolic events of
... transcription of specific plant genes invited a search for a molecular mechanism that mediates communication between cytosol and nucleus. In animal systems, the communication between cytosolic or membrane-localized receptors and the nucleus is often achieved by regulating, via different mechanisms, ...
... transcription of specific plant genes invited a search for a molecular mechanism that mediates communication between cytosol and nucleus. In animal systems, the communication between cytosolic or membrane-localized receptors and the nucleus is often achieved by regulating, via different mechanisms, ...
Separation of nuclear protein complexes by blue native
... nuclear protein complexes (e.g., DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (Pol II), upstream-binding factor (UBF), or nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II)) by BN-PAGE can be achieved. Using the analysis of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle, we demonstr ...
... nuclear protein complexes (e.g., DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (Pol II), upstream-binding factor (UBF), or nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II)) by BN-PAGE can be achieved. Using the analysis of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle, we demonstr ...
BH3-only proteins: key regulators of neuronal apoptosis
... level in sympathetic neurons and CGNs deprived of survival factors.15,17 Several different Bim isoforms have been described. BimEL, BimL and BimS are the major variants (see Figure 1a), generated as a result of alternate splicing of bim transcripts.34 All three proteins are proapoptotic but differ i ...
... level in sympathetic neurons and CGNs deprived of survival factors.15,17 Several different Bim isoforms have been described. BimEL, BimL and BimS are the major variants (see Figure 1a), generated as a result of alternate splicing of bim transcripts.34 All three proteins are proapoptotic but differ i ...
The YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 protein family Saller, Manfred J.
... galactose mutarotase from Lactococcus lactis, but a major share of this domain does not fulfill an essential function as it can be deleted from the YidC without compromising viability. The function of this domain may even be organism specific as YidC homologs of Gram-positive bacteria lack a large p ...
... galactose mutarotase from Lactococcus lactis, but a major share of this domain does not fulfill an essential function as it can be deleted from the YidC without compromising viability. The function of this domain may even be organism specific as YidC homologs of Gram-positive bacteria lack a large p ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces a rapid dephosphorylation
... with cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, followed by treatment with BDNF. As shown in Fig. 1D, Tau1 reactivity increased in response to BDNF treatment, further indicating that BDNF stimulation is affecting the phosphorylation levels of tau protein, and not translation. To test the kinetics of th ...
... with cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, followed by treatment with BDNF. As shown in Fig. 1D, Tau1 reactivity increased in response to BDNF treatment, further indicating that BDNF stimulation is affecting the phosphorylation levels of tau protein, and not translation. To test the kinetics of th ...
X-ray structure of the C-terminal domain of a coronavirus nucle
... Coronaviridae, a member of the order Nidovirales, is a family of viruses which are significant causative agents of human upper respiratory infections including common colds and other severe illnesses such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). The coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a dia ...
... Coronaviridae, a member of the order Nidovirales, is a family of viruses which are significant causative agents of human upper respiratory infections including common colds and other severe illnesses such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). The coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a dia ...
sv-lncs - School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences
... local cohesiveness around a node, and it is defined, for any node i, as the fraction of neighbours of i that are connected to each other. [8] As pointed in [9], each module may be reduced to a set of triangles, and high density of the triangles is highly characteristic for PPI networks, pointing at ...
... local cohesiveness around a node, and it is defined, for any node i, as the fraction of neighbours of i that are connected to each other. [8] As pointed in [9], each module may be reduced to a set of triangles, and high density of the triangles is highly characteristic for PPI networks, pointing at ...
Advances in affinity purification mass spectrometry of
... average [7–12]. Second, proteins exist in multiple states (modulated, e.g. by phosphorylation). These states are dependent on the cellular context and they confer different interaction potential and often different functions. Thus, the interactome is dynamic with interacting partners changing depend ...
... average [7–12]. Second, proteins exist in multiple states (modulated, e.g. by phosphorylation). These states are dependent on the cellular context and they confer different interaction potential and often different functions. Thus, the interactome is dynamic with interacting partners changing depend ...
TORC2 Signaling is Antagonized by Protein Phosphatase
... (Inoki et al. 2005; Wullschleger et al. 2006; Zoncu et al. 2011). The TOR kinase is inhibited by the complex of rapamycin and Fpr1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. The TOR kinase is conserved in eukaryotes. Unlike fungal species, which may possess two TOR kinases, higher eukaryotes such as h ...
... (Inoki et al. 2005; Wullschleger et al. 2006; Zoncu et al. 2011). The TOR kinase is inhibited by the complex of rapamycin and Fpr1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. The TOR kinase is conserved in eukaryotes. Unlike fungal species, which may possess two TOR kinases, higher eukaryotes such as h ...
Identification of a New Protein Localized at Sites of Cell
... a modification of the method of Cox, Schenk, and Olmsted (10). The 82-kD protein was partially purified from a low ionic strength extract of chicken gizzard smooth muscle followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. The column fractions were assayed for the presence of ...
... a modification of the method of Cox, Schenk, and Olmsted (10). The 82-kD protein was partially purified from a low ionic strength extract of chicken gizzard smooth muscle followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. The column fractions were assayed for the presence of ...
8. ARTÍCULOS
... E-mail address: [email protected] (J.L. Rosa). Abbreviations: aa, amino acid residues; PBS, phosphate-bu¡ered saline; GST, glutathione-S-transferase ...
... E-mail address: [email protected] (J.L. Rosa). Abbreviations: aa, amino acid residues; PBS, phosphate-bu¡ered saline; GST, glutathione-S-transferase ...
The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new
... of a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits (Hardie et al., 2003), each of which is encoded by two or three distinct genes (α1, α2; β1, β2; γ1, γ2, γ3) (Fig. 2). All possible combinations of isoforms appear to be able to form complexes and, along with splice variants and the use of alte ...
... of a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits (Hardie et al., 2003), each of which is encoded by two or three distinct genes (α1, α2; β1, β2; γ1, γ2, γ3) (Fig. 2). All possible combinations of isoforms appear to be able to form complexes and, along with splice variants and the use of alte ...
Leishmania Flagellum
... the tip of the flagellum [33]. Its main constituents are two structurally related proteins, PFR1 and PFR2 [33,34], which, as other cytoskeleton-associated proteins, remain insoluble after treatment with non-ionic detergents [35,36]. When expressed as fusion proteins with GFP at their N-terminus, PFR ...
... the tip of the flagellum [33]. Its main constituents are two structurally related proteins, PFR1 and PFR2 [33,34], which, as other cytoskeleton-associated proteins, remain insoluble after treatment with non-ionic detergents [35,36]. When expressed as fusion proteins with GFP at their N-terminus, PFR ...
Informatics approaches to understanding TGFb pathway regulation
... Smad4, and this was coupled with the discovery of the first TGFb pathway deubiquitinase: Dupont et al. demonstrated that reversible monoubiquitylation by Ectodermin/Tif1 and the deubiquitinase FAM (Fat Facets in Mammals, also known as Usp9x) on Lys519 in human SMAD4, can function as an ‘on-off’ swi ...
... Smad4, and this was coupled with the discovery of the first TGFb pathway deubiquitinase: Dupont et al. demonstrated that reversible monoubiquitylation by Ectodermin/Tif1 and the deubiquitinase FAM (Fat Facets in Mammals, also known as Usp9x) on Lys519 in human SMAD4, can function as an ‘on-off’ swi ...
Membrane trafficking in Drosophila wing and eye development
... acts primarily by inhibiting cells within a field from adopting a particular fate, a process called lateral inhibition. In the ‘core’ Notch pathway ligands, such as Delta and Serrate in Drosophila, interact with extracellular EGF motifs of the Notch receptor. Activation of Notch leads to proteolytic ...
... acts primarily by inhibiting cells within a field from adopting a particular fate, a process called lateral inhibition. In the ‘core’ Notch pathway ligands, such as Delta and Serrate in Drosophila, interact with extracellular EGF motifs of the Notch receptor. Activation of Notch leads to proteolytic ...
Programming Languages for Biology
... – study of the relationships and interactions between biological components – many thousand of molecules interact in complex series of reactions to perform some function (called a pathway) • e.g., lactose interacting with a receptor triggers a series of actions to create the enzyme capable of breaki ...
... – study of the relationships and interactions between biological components – many thousand of molecules interact in complex series of reactions to perform some function (called a pathway) • e.g., lactose interacting with a receptor triggers a series of actions to create the enzyme capable of breaki ...
Chp 19
... §Methylation - marking proteins for repair or degradation or changing their cellular function §Carboxylation - increases a protein’s sensitivity to Ca2+dependent modulation ...
... §Methylation - marking proteins for repair or degradation or changing their cellular function §Carboxylation - increases a protein’s sensitivity to Ca2+dependent modulation ...
Detection of plum pox potyviral protein–protein interactions in planta
... In previous studies, protein interaction maps of different potyviruses have been generated using yeast two-hybrid (YTH) systems, and these maps have demonstrated a high diversity of interactions of potyviral proteins. Using an optimized bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) system, a compl ...
... In previous studies, protein interaction maps of different potyviruses have been generated using yeast two-hybrid (YTH) systems, and these maps have demonstrated a high diversity of interactions of potyviral proteins. Using an optimized bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) system, a compl ...
Linking Cataracts to Cancer
... The cell line derives from a fibrocystic disease isolated in 1984 from a 36 year old Caucasian female. The cell line is also applied as a transfection host and is non-tumorigenic, meaning that the cell line will not readily form tumors unless forced to with the addition of a chemical reagent. This m ...
... The cell line derives from a fibrocystic disease isolated in 1984 from a 36 year old Caucasian female. The cell line is also applied as a transfection host and is non-tumorigenic, meaning that the cell line will not readily form tumors unless forced to with the addition of a chemical reagent. This m ...
Thermostability of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion
... 5–25 % sucrose gradients or observed by EM with negative staining, before and after trypsin digestion (Fig. 2). Wildtype FTM{ sedimented mainly in fractions 5–6, although trailing towards higher-density fractions was also observed. After trypsin digestion, there was a clear shift in the sedimentatio ...
... 5–25 % sucrose gradients or observed by EM with negative staining, before and after trypsin digestion (Fig. 2). Wildtype FTM{ sedimented mainly in fractions 5–6, although trailing towards higher-density fractions was also observed. After trypsin digestion, there was a clear shift in the sedimentatio ...
Mycobacterial Heat Shock Proteins as Vaccines - A Model
... classical GroES-GroEL protein folding system. This complex has been extensively reviewed [8-12], thus only a brief overview will be given as shown in Fig. (1). GroEL assembles as a functional double ring structure each of which is comprised of 7 hsp60 subunits and contains an ATP binding site [23,32 ...
... classical GroES-GroEL protein folding system. This complex has been extensively reviewed [8-12], thus only a brief overview will be given as shown in Fig. (1). GroEL assembles as a functional double ring structure each of which is comprised of 7 hsp60 subunits and contains an ATP binding site [23,32 ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.