natural law
... Each marries a wife, but they have their wives in common; for that which the Hellenes say that the Scythians do, is not in fact done by the Scythians but by the Massagetai, that is to say, whatever woman a man of the Massagetai may desire he hangs up his quiver in front of the waggon and has commer ...
... Each marries a wife, but they have their wives in common; for that which the Hellenes say that the Scythians do, is not in fact done by the Scythians but by the Massagetai, that is to say, whatever woman a man of the Massagetai may desire he hangs up his quiver in front of the waggon and has commer ...
Name: OLADUJA BOLUWAJI Matric no: 14/ENG06/047 College
... the position of utilitarnism mediates between the previous two theories by stating “an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest number of pleasure or happiness for the greatest number of people”. Teleological ethical theories have some short comings such as , they require that we foresee ...
... the position of utilitarnism mediates between the previous two theories by stating “an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest number of pleasure or happiness for the greatest number of people”. Teleological ethical theories have some short comings such as , they require that we foresee ...
Kant and the force of duty - The Richmond Philosophy Pages
... the embeddedness of moral relations in context. Can we separate what we ought to do from how we are, from those values and practices in which our lives gain value, purpose and cohesion? Conflicts between duties - what do I tell the murderer seeking you? Insufficient role for inclinations, attitu ...
... the embeddedness of moral relations in context. Can we separate what we ought to do from how we are, from those values and practices in which our lives gain value, purpose and cohesion? Conflicts between duties - what do I tell the murderer seeking you? Insufficient role for inclinations, attitu ...
Group1 - Southern University College
... 4. Ethics is the system of rules that governs the ordering of the principles of conduct. 5. Egoism is a preferred ethical stance from a societal perspective, over utilitarianism. 6. Deontology focuses on the consequences of others' actions. 7. According to Sartre, we cannot commit ourselves to any p ...
... 4. Ethics is the system of rules that governs the ordering of the principles of conduct. 5. Egoism is a preferred ethical stance from a societal perspective, over utilitarianism. 6. Deontology focuses on the consequences of others' actions. 7. According to Sartre, we cannot commit ourselves to any p ...
PHILOSOPHY_6
... be maximized is the overall good, which requires that the actor considers the good of others as well as his own good. ...
... be maximized is the overall good, which requires that the actor considers the good of others as well as his own good. ...
Introduction to Ethics - James Madison University
... What moral rights do the affected parties have, and which course of action best respects those rights? What benefits and what harms will each course of action produce, and which alternative will lead to the best overall ...
... What moral rights do the affected parties have, and which course of action best respects those rights? What benefits and what harms will each course of action produce, and which alternative will lead to the best overall ...
Mores, Morality, Ethics
... group or society do as a matter of fact have. • “No shoes, no shirt, no entry.” “Do not spit in public.” • Moral, =principles of right and wrong and standards of conduct which are universally advocated, that is, are put forth as prescriptions which all persons who wish to be judged “moral” should fo ...
... group or society do as a matter of fact have. • “No shoes, no shirt, no entry.” “Do not spit in public.” • Moral, =principles of right and wrong and standards of conduct which are universally advocated, that is, are put forth as prescriptions which all persons who wish to be judged “moral” should fo ...
Ethical Decision Making- 5 approaches File
... Favoritism gives benefits to some people without a justifiable reason for singling them out; discrimination imposes burdens on people who are no different from those on whom burdens are not imposed. Both favoritism and discrimination are unjust and wrong. ...
... Favoritism gives benefits to some people without a justifiable reason for singling them out; discrimination imposes burdens on people who are no different from those on whom burdens are not imposed. Both favoritism and discrimination are unjust and wrong. ...
Virtue Ethics Intro
... Aristotle &Happiness • Happiness = eudaimonia • Happiness is not a result or end • Happiness is not something we look forward to after toil and suffering • Happiness is a way of life, made possible by virtuous living • Happiness is an activity of the soul in accord with perfect virtue. ...
... Aristotle &Happiness • Happiness = eudaimonia • Happiness is not a result or end • Happiness is not something we look forward to after toil and suffering • Happiness is a way of life, made possible by virtuous living • Happiness is an activity of the soul in accord with perfect virtue. ...
Kant - Def
... Suppose that time extends infinitely back. Then you would never be able to explain how we got to the present. This is because an infinite amount of time would have passed before we got to this year. And an infinite amount of time would take forever, so we could never get here. But… That means time m ...
... Suppose that time extends infinitely back. Then you would never be able to explain how we got to the present. This is because an infinite amount of time would have passed before we got to this year. And an infinite amount of time would take forever, so we could never get here. But… That means time m ...
The Ethics of Animal Use
... The deontological tradition (Kant) “The fact that the human being can have the representation “I” raises him infinitely above all the other beings on earth. By this he is a person....that is, a being altogether different in rank and dignity from things, such as irrational animals, with which one ma ...
... The deontological tradition (Kant) “The fact that the human being can have the representation “I” raises him infinitely above all the other beings on earth. By this he is a person....that is, a being altogether different in rank and dignity from things, such as irrational animals, with which one ma ...
Ethics Workbook - Teacher Support
... politics. In war, the sacrifice of the few for the many is sometimes necessary. A morality in which results are left out of account seems detached from reality and impractical. ...
... politics. In war, the sacrifice of the few for the many is sometimes necessary. A morality in which results are left out of account seems detached from reality and impractical. ...
TC chapter 9– TCing about moral issues
... For I do nothing but go about persuading you all, old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of your soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other go ...
... For I do nothing but go about persuading you all, old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of your soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other go ...
Glosario Etica
... Rights are entitlements to do something without interference from other people (negative rights) or entitlements that obligate others to do something positive to assist you (positive rights). Some rights (natural rights, human rights) belong to everyone by nature or simply by virtue of being human; ...
... Rights are entitlements to do something without interference from other people (negative rights) or entitlements that obligate others to do something positive to assist you (positive rights). Some rights (natural rights, human rights) belong to everyone by nature or simply by virtue of being human; ...
Ethics, philosophy, and history
... on things that can’t be replaced? (what about species extinctions?) 2. Rarity: Can you estimate value for a service for one time and place and then extrapolate it elsewhere? What happens as it gets more rare? ...
... on things that can’t be replaced? (what about species extinctions?) 2. Rarity: Can you estimate value for a service for one time and place and then extrapolate it elsewhere? What happens as it gets more rare? ...
Document
... on the grounds that they place too much emphasis on duties, rights, and justice. Such traditional theories are too abstract, legalistic, and uncaring, according to this view of feminist. The ethics of care holds that our main task in life is to love and care for ourselves and other people. We shou ...
... on the grounds that they place too much emphasis on duties, rights, and justice. Such traditional theories are too abstract, legalistic, and uncaring, according to this view of feminist. The ethics of care holds that our main task in life is to love and care for ourselves and other people. We shou ...
ii. Ethical Egoism and Social Contract Theory (A coagulation of
... unfavorable only to the agent performing the action. Ethical Altruism: an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone except the agent. Utilitarianism:an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable t ...
... unfavorable only to the agent performing the action. Ethical Altruism: an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone except the agent. Utilitarianism:an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable t ...
Major Theories in Moral Philosophy
... Is counter-intuitive: should other people really always matter more than yourself? Only works if we can count on other people being willing to help us, too: reciprocal altruism. ...
... Is counter-intuitive: should other people really always matter more than yourself? Only works if we can count on other people being willing to help us, too: reciprocal altruism. ...
The Science of Morality
... staying alone in a cabin near the beach. They decide that it would be interesting and fun if they tried making love. At the very least it would be a new experience for each of them. Julie was already taking birth control pills, but Mark uses a condom too, just to be safe. They both enjoy making love ...
... staying alone in a cabin near the beach. They decide that it would be interesting and fun if they tried making love. At the very least it would be a new experience for each of them. Julie was already taking birth control pills, but Mark uses a condom too, just to be safe. They both enjoy making love ...
Moral Reasoning
... theoretically allows individuals freedom to believe as they will and to live according to their beliefs The question for modern/post-modern society is whether American pluralism depends on certain fundamental beliefs to survive. Could relativism kill American ...
... theoretically allows individuals freedom to believe as they will and to live according to their beliefs The question for modern/post-modern society is whether American pluralism depends on certain fundamental beliefs to survive. Could relativism kill American ...
Prediction table 2012 File
... you have studied make The ethical universalization decisions of maxims by Kant cannot be Morality universalised and religion are separate ...
... you have studied make The ethical universalization decisions of maxims by Kant cannot be Morality universalised and religion are separate ...
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility. Utility is defined in various ways, but is usually related to the well-being of sentient entities. Classically, Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarianism, defined utility as the aggregate pleasure after deducting suffering of all involved in any action. John Stuart Mill expanded this concept of utility to include not only the quantity, but quality of pleasure, while focusing on rules, rather than individual moral actions. Others have rejected that pleasure has positive value and have advocated negative utilitarianism, which defines utility only in terms of suffering. In contrast to this hedonistic view, some define utility with relation to preference satisfaction whereas others believe that a range of values can be included in its definition.Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. This view can be contrasted or combined with virtue ethics which holds virtue as a moral good. Some believe that one's intentions are also ethically important. Utilitarianism is distinctly different from other forms of consequentialism such as egoism as it considers all interests equally. Proponents of utilitarianism have been split about whether individual acts should conform to utility (act utilitarianism) or whether agents should conform to ethical rules (rule utilitarianism). Utilitarians additionally remain split about whether utility should be calculated as an aggregate (total utilitarianism) or an average (average utilitarianism).Historically, hedonism can be traced back to Aristippus and Epicurus who viewed happiness as the only good. Bentham is, however, credited with founding utilitarianism when he wrote An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Since Bentham, prominent utilitarians have included John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, R.M. Hare and Peter Singer. The philosophy has been applied to modern issues including the suffering of non-human animals. Specifically, utilitarianism has been applied to the ethics of raising animals for food and the ethics of wild animal suffering. Effective altruism is a philosophy aimed at improving the world through evidence based means, which has been supported on utilitarian grounds.Opponents of utilitarianism have criticized it for many reasons. Some have said that utilitarianism ignores justice while others contend that utilitarianism is impractical. Specific criticisms have included the mere addition paradox and the utility monster. Others have said that pleasure is not commensurable across people with varying identities and thus the idea of aggregating utility is impossible.