Morality and Ethics (cont. 2)
... Some video clips from other sources may be used, but the source must be clearly indicated. No more than 30% from other sources ...
... Some video clips from other sources may be used, but the source must be clearly indicated. No more than 30% from other sources ...
moraltheory
... 4. OBJECTIVITY: Make decisions on a verifiable basis, apart from inclinations/emotions ...
... 4. OBJECTIVITY: Make decisions on a verifiable basis, apart from inclinations/emotions ...
Some different views.. - Personal web pages for people of Metropolia
... include employees, customers, the local communities and governments Each stakeholder has the right not to be treated as a ‘means to an end’. ...
... include employees, customers, the local communities and governments Each stakeholder has the right not to be treated as a ‘means to an end’. ...
CHAPTER 2 Utilitarian and Deontological Approaches to Criminal
... all. Kant also believed that by focusing solely on consequences, utilitarian-type theories missed something even more basic to morality, namely, a good will or the intention to do what is right. He begins his treatise on ethics as follows: “It is impossible to conceive anything at all in the world, ...
... all. Kant also believed that by focusing solely on consequences, utilitarian-type theories missed something even more basic to morality, namely, a good will or the intention to do what is right. He begins his treatise on ethics as follows: “It is impossible to conceive anything at all in the world, ...
moral values - Academic Home Page
... The rules that most of us think of as morality are based on principles. The major principles underlying Western morality are these: The principle of utility or the principle of greatest happiness Our happiness and the happiness of those affected by our choices must guide our choices and actions. Soc ...
... The rules that most of us think of as morality are based on principles. The major principles underlying Western morality are these: The principle of utility or the principle of greatest happiness Our happiness and the happiness of those affected by our choices must guide our choices and actions. Soc ...
How Actions Can Be Morally Evaluated
... life, pleasure, power) produces suffering— which is ended through virtue and meditation Being virtuous requires us to respect ourselves and others, and to be patient, moderate, and to maintain a clear and balanced mind Personal enlightenment consists not in merely following rules but in seeing o ...
... life, pleasure, power) produces suffering— which is ended through virtue and meditation Being virtuous requires us to respect ourselves and others, and to be patient, moderate, and to maintain a clear and balanced mind Personal enlightenment consists not in merely following rules but in seeing o ...
Ethics of Administration
... Judges what is right or wrong by known consequences Whatever gains the greatest good for the most number of people Ex. utilitarianism ...
... Judges what is right or wrong by known consequences Whatever gains the greatest good for the most number of people Ex. utilitarianism ...
Document
... world a better place; and – If we can scientifically assess various possible courses of action to determine which will have the greatest positive effect on the world; then – We can provide a scientific answer to the question of what we ought to do. ...
... world a better place; and – If we can scientifically assess various possible courses of action to determine which will have the greatest positive effect on the world; then – We can provide a scientific answer to the question of what we ought to do. ...
JJC Smart - Westmont homepage server
... actions, including their possible effects on other people’s actions. Therefore, we summarize from past experience and the accumulated wisdom of our society. We conclude that, in general, it is not a good idea to tell a lie or break a promise, because in most cases such behavior leads to harmful cons ...
... actions, including their possible effects on other people’s actions. Therefore, we summarize from past experience and the accumulated wisdom of our society. We conclude that, in general, it is not a good idea to tell a lie or break a promise, because in most cases such behavior leads to harmful cons ...
Does it feel good? (Emotions)
... human dimension of society: System of Logic; Principles of Political Economy; On Liberty; Utilitarianism; The Subjection of Women. Practical engagement for liberty. Heritage of J. Bentham’s utilitarianism. ...
... human dimension of society: System of Logic; Principles of Political Economy; On Liberty; Utilitarianism; The Subjection of Women. Practical engagement for liberty. Heritage of J. Bentham’s utilitarianism. ...
The Ethics of Duty
... emotionally – to hurt feeling is not immoral), but that animals, having no rational capabilities deserved no special respect. Let us look at the basis for these three principles. ...
... emotionally – to hurt feeling is not immoral), but that animals, having no rational capabilities deserved no special respect. Let us look at the basis for these three principles. ...
Ethics & Nanotechnology Summer Bridge Program XXVI
... Utilitarianism: The right action is whichever action produces the greatest total amount of social benefit (“the greatest happiness of the greatest number”) ...
... Utilitarianism: The right action is whichever action produces the greatest total amount of social benefit (“the greatest happiness of the greatest number”) ...
Moral Theory - Academic Resources at Missouri Western
... Morality is concerned with social practices defining right and wrong; it consists of what persons ought to do in order to conform to society’s norms ...
... Morality is concerned with social practices defining right and wrong; it consists of what persons ought to do in order to conform to society’s norms ...
Introduction to Moral Theories and Principles that inform ethical
... Virtue ethics is the name given to a modern revival and revision of Aristotle's ethical thinking. Aristotle’s ethics, while not generally thought of as consequentialist, is certainly teleological. For him, the telos, or purpose, of a human life is to live according to reason. This leads to ‘happines ...
... Virtue ethics is the name given to a modern revival and revision of Aristotle's ethical thinking. Aristotle’s ethics, while not generally thought of as consequentialist, is certainly teleological. For him, the telos, or purpose, of a human life is to live according to reason. This leads to ‘happines ...
Nonconsequentialist Theories of Morality
... Many rules of questionable moral value can be universalized without inconsistency Kant answered this by criterion of reversibility Golden Rule concept, if an action were reversed would a person want it to be done to him ...
... Many rules of questionable moral value can be universalized without inconsistency Kant answered this by criterion of reversibility Golden Rule concept, if an action were reversed would a person want it to be done to him ...
lecture
... affect the theory of life on which this theory of morality is grounded- namely, that pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends; and that all desirable things (which are as numerous in the utilitarian as in any other scheme) are desirable either for the pleasure inherent ...
... affect the theory of life on which this theory of morality is grounded- namely, that pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends; and that all desirable things (which are as numerous in the utilitarian as in any other scheme) are desirable either for the pleasure inherent ...
Sample Syllabus: Introduction to Ethics Course Description: This 10
... we are doing when we say that an action is wrong: are we expressing a negative emotional reaction to it, offering our personal opinion, or making an objective claim about the action that it is possible to be mistaken about? Second, we will ask what makes actions right or wrong: is it the consequence ...
... we are doing when we say that an action is wrong: are we expressing a negative emotional reaction to it, offering our personal opinion, or making an objective claim about the action that it is possible to be mistaken about? Second, we will ask what makes actions right or wrong: is it the consequence ...
The Study of Ethics
... • 1785- Ground work for the Metaphysics of Morals • (Note that this is written just after the American Revolution and before the French Revolution- what were the main ideas of the times?) ...
... • 1785- Ground work for the Metaphysics of Morals • (Note that this is written just after the American Revolution and before the French Revolution- what were the main ideas of the times?) ...
Why Do We Need Ethical Theories?
... An individual act (X) or a social policy (Y) is morally permissible if the consequences that result from (X) or (Y) produce the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of persons affected by the act or policy. ...
... An individual act (X) or a social policy (Y) is morally permissible if the consequences that result from (X) or (Y) produce the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of persons affected by the act or policy. ...
An Introduction to Ethical Theory
... • They identify what it means to “do the right thing”. • They assume that people have free choice to make their own rational decisions. • Their goal is generally to contribute to the well-being of humanity. • They distinguish obligations & responsibilities from choice & personal preference. ...
... • They identify what it means to “do the right thing”. • They assume that people have free choice to make their own rational decisions. • Their goal is generally to contribute to the well-being of humanity. • They distinguish obligations & responsibilities from choice & personal preference. ...
Moral Leadership
... Examine the possible results and pick the one that produces the most blessings over the greatest range Political Legislation ...
... Examine the possible results and pick the one that produces the most blessings over the greatest range Political Legislation ...
Theories of Morality - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... 2). Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law of nature 3). Always act so as to treat humanity, whether in yourself or others, as an end in itself, never merely as a means 4). Always act as if to bring about, and as a member of, a Kingdom of Ends (that is, an ide ...
... 2). Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law of nature 3). Always act so as to treat humanity, whether in yourself or others, as an end in itself, never merely as a means 4). Always act as if to bring about, and as a member of, a Kingdom of Ends (that is, an ide ...
Ethics - Lagemaat - TOK-eisj
... everywhere selfish. • Selfish behaviour is usually seen as the opposite of moral behaviour, this theory suggests that, even if there are objective moral values, we are incapable of living up to them. ...
... everywhere selfish. • Selfish behaviour is usually seen as the opposite of moral behaviour, this theory suggests that, even if there are objective moral values, we are incapable of living up to them. ...
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility. Utility is defined in various ways, but is usually related to the well-being of sentient entities. Classically, Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarianism, defined utility as the aggregate pleasure after deducting suffering of all involved in any action. John Stuart Mill expanded this concept of utility to include not only the quantity, but quality of pleasure, while focusing on rules, rather than individual moral actions. Others have rejected that pleasure has positive value and have advocated negative utilitarianism, which defines utility only in terms of suffering. In contrast to this hedonistic view, some define utility with relation to preference satisfaction whereas others believe that a range of values can be included in its definition.Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. This view can be contrasted or combined with virtue ethics which holds virtue as a moral good. Some believe that one's intentions are also ethically important. Utilitarianism is distinctly different from other forms of consequentialism such as egoism as it considers all interests equally. Proponents of utilitarianism have been split about whether individual acts should conform to utility (act utilitarianism) or whether agents should conform to ethical rules (rule utilitarianism). Utilitarians additionally remain split about whether utility should be calculated as an aggregate (total utilitarianism) or an average (average utilitarianism).Historically, hedonism can be traced back to Aristippus and Epicurus who viewed happiness as the only good. Bentham is, however, credited with founding utilitarianism when he wrote An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Since Bentham, prominent utilitarians have included John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, R.M. Hare and Peter Singer. The philosophy has been applied to modern issues including the suffering of non-human animals. Specifically, utilitarianism has been applied to the ethics of raising animals for food and the ethics of wild animal suffering. Effective altruism is a philosophy aimed at improving the world through evidence based means, which has been supported on utilitarian grounds.Opponents of utilitarianism have criticized it for many reasons. Some have said that utilitarianism ignores justice while others contend that utilitarianism is impractical. Specific criticisms have included the mere addition paradox and the utility monster. Others have said that pleasure is not commensurable across people with varying identities and thus the idea of aggregating utility is impossible.