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Ethics of Administration Chapter 1 Imposing your values? Values are more than personal preferences Human beings are moral agents Duty to make choices in responsible way Moral Claims Not value judgments that belong to a personal or group preference Ethical Reasoning Possible and important Ethical decisions are not just a matter of preference Ethical decisions can be based on reasons that others can understand Ethical decisions are often made under complex and ambiguous circumstances Moral Principles Moral reasoning has a moral point Moral dilemma – What is the right thing to do? Right, ought, just, fair Duties or obligations Facts Relevant to deciding an ethical issue Not sufficient – can not tell what is right or fair by themselves Moral Conflict How do you decide between conflicting ethical principles Identify the Principles Fairness and Parents Rights Hierarchy Why should the principle be considered? What purpose does it serve? Learn Moral Reasoning Identify concepts Use intuitive moral reactions about what is right or wrong Describe principles that underlie your feelings Test “gut” feelings by supporting with moral principles Ethics of Administration Chapter 2 Consequential Principle of Maximum Benefit Judges what is right or wrong by known consequences Whatever gains the greatest good for the most number of people Ex. utilitarianism Non-consequential Principle of equal respect People are moral agents that have equal worth Follow the Golden Rule Respect individual freedom of choice even if we don’t agree Need both Frameworks Consequential Problems Requires information you don’t always know Utilitarianism can produce morally abhorrent consequences Non-Consequential Problems How can one decide a moral law? How do we express the moral principal that underlies it? John Stuart Mill The Marketplace of Ideas Ideas are tested to discover truth. Truth is best sought by process of criticism and debate. Debate helps us remember why we hold ideas. CON---------------NONCON Informing the public is a service How can voters make a decision without information Contributes to welfare of society Contributes to personal happiness Promotes personal growth through debate Individuals have the responsibiblity to make decisions for themselves Duty to make wise choices Right to evaluate and choose Intellectual Liberty Is the teacher free to express her opinions in the newspaper or does the state of negotiations of the district have precedence? Freedom of Expression Inquiry to discover the truth Ideas are tested in debate to refine ideas Debate promotes personal growth Questions Does free press include the right to be wrong? Rights are general, not absolute. Conflict can occur between rights and interests of different parties. How is balance found? (Both Con and Noncon theories are needed, neither is sufficient to make a decision alone.) Realization of Free Moral Agency Free moral agents of equal worth Have the ability to make moral decisions Have responsibility to make decisions Duty to make choices wisely Resolve the Conflict Presuppose the principle of equal respect of persons. Why? People are of equal intrinsic worth. Con – Be concerned with the benefit of people so that they will be as well off as possible. Everyone’s happiness is of equal value. Noncon –Value the welfare of others equally to my own. Respect people even if it results in less happiness.