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The Nitrogen Cycle - Cooperative Resources International
The Nitrogen Cycle - Cooperative Resources International

Cellular Respiration - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Cellular Respiration - McGraw Hill Higher Education

Study Guide for Microbiology (Bio 6) Lab Exam 2 and the
Study Guide for Microbiology (Bio 6) Lab Exam 2 and the

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... released indicating the organism is catalase positive. Even the generation of a small amount of bubble formation is a positive results. catalase enzyme 2H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) ---------------------> 2H2O + O2 (free oxygen gas) ...
this PDF file
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... available evidences indicated that the unique energy-generation process involving nitrite as electron acceptor and ammonium as electron donor occurs on the anammoxosome membrane. Two pivotal points of evidences are available for this model. Firstly, the unique anammoxosome membrane consists of speci ...
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p Block Elements General Configuration: ns2 np1
p Block Elements General Configuration: ns2 np1

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CHAPTER 26: Lipid Metabolism

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Microbial ecosystem in the oral cavity: Metabolic diversity in an

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Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle

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Lecture PPT

... Samples are centrifuged to sediment precipitate, supernatants are removed The pelleted precipitates are dissolved in alkali solution Radioactivity each sample is determined by scintillation ...
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Microbial metabolism



Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)
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