Fat-Soluble
... (releases carbon dioxide), and the electron transport chain (uses oxygen to make a lot of ATP). • Niacin is needed to make NADH, which carries electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle into the electron transport chain. (see diagram, next slide) • Riboflavin is needed to make FADH2, which has a ...
... (releases carbon dioxide), and the electron transport chain (uses oxygen to make a lot of ATP). • Niacin is needed to make NADH, which carries electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle into the electron transport chain. (see diagram, next slide) • Riboflavin is needed to make FADH2, which has a ...
Caloranaerobacter ferrireducens sp. nov., an anaerobic
... pyruvate, tartaric acid, a-ketobutyric acid, a-ketovaleric acid, galacturonic acid and glucosaminic acid). Methanol, ethanol, mannitol, formic acid, acetic acid, maltose, cellobiose and sucrose were not used. Strain DY22619T was not capable of chemoautotrophic growth in a H2/CO2 gas atmosphere. The ...
... pyruvate, tartaric acid, a-ketobutyric acid, a-ketovaleric acid, galacturonic acid and glucosaminic acid). Methanol, ethanol, mannitol, formic acid, acetic acid, maltose, cellobiose and sucrose were not used. Strain DY22619T was not capable of chemoautotrophic growth in a H2/CO2 gas atmosphere. The ...
A1981MS54300001
... PAL and several other enzymes of early phenylpropanoid metabolism were controlled quite differently than those of later flavonoid biosynthesis.2 This was a clear demonstration that PAL controls only part of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Recent work on phenylpropanoid metabolism is reviewed by Towers a ...
... PAL and several other enzymes of early phenylpropanoid metabolism were controlled quite differently than those of later flavonoid biosynthesis.2 This was a clear demonstration that PAL controls only part of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Recent work on phenylpropanoid metabolism is reviewed by Towers a ...
Ecology
... • Essentially all energy comes from the sun • Moves from autotrophs (plants) to heterotrophs (not plants) • Heterotrophs (aka. Consumers) – must consume energy; cannot make their own • Autotrophs (aka. Producers) – Produce their own energy • Most use radiant energy from the sun to produce chemical e ...
... • Essentially all energy comes from the sun • Moves from autotrophs (plants) to heterotrophs (not plants) • Heterotrophs (aka. Consumers) – must consume energy; cannot make their own • Autotrophs (aka. Producers) – Produce their own energy • Most use radiant energy from the sun to produce chemical e ...
Document
... A starving person’s breath smells like acetone because they are essentially existing by energy production from ketone bodies. (We don’t have time to go into ketone bodies – can read up on.) Realize that this is a very important junction of health and metabolism, starvation and health and well being. ...
... A starving person’s breath smells like acetone because they are essentially existing by energy production from ketone bodies. (We don’t have time to go into ketone bodies – can read up on.) Realize that this is a very important junction of health and metabolism, starvation and health and well being. ...
Tn917 insertion site in the 2C4 mutant
... 2. The NADH peroxidase mutant produces more H2O2 and has enhanced C. elegans killing activity 3. The NADH oxidase and the potential Copper transport mutants produce less H2O2 and have decreased C. elegans killing activity 4. The concentration of H2O2 produced by WT faecium is sufficient to kill C. e ...
... 2. The NADH peroxidase mutant produces more H2O2 and has enhanced C. elegans killing activity 3. The NADH oxidase and the potential Copper transport mutants produce less H2O2 and have decreased C. elegans killing activity 4. The concentration of H2O2 produced by WT faecium is sufficient to kill C. e ...
Reading materials 511/rumen microbes/rumen
... is that they can do this without any oxygen! Most eukaryotes need oxygen; it is needed to generate large amounts of energy in the mitochondria, the biochemical powerhouses of the cell. When human cells run out of oxygen they start fermenting and make lactate to produce energy, which is obvious from ...
... is that they can do this without any oxygen! Most eukaryotes need oxygen; it is needed to generate large amounts of energy in the mitochondria, the biochemical powerhouses of the cell. When human cells run out of oxygen they start fermenting and make lactate to produce energy, which is obvious from ...
Reactions
... • Regeneration of phosphenol-pyruvate consumes two high energy bonds from ATP • Movement between cells is by diffusion via plasmodesmata • Movement within cells is regulated by concentration gradients • This system generates a higher CO2 conc in bundle sheath cells than would occur by equilibrium wi ...
... • Regeneration of phosphenol-pyruvate consumes two high energy bonds from ATP • Movement between cells is by diffusion via plasmodesmata • Movement within cells is regulated by concentration gradients • This system generates a higher CO2 conc in bundle sheath cells than would occur by equilibrium wi ...
farah el nazer corrected by dana al sharif
... pyruvate carboxylase they become 4 carbons which is oxaloacetate) • It requires biotin (vitamin B7) as a cofactor. •it is activated by acetyl CoA. (Why?) To complete the citric acid cycle, so if the acetyl CoA conc. increases, then oxaloacetate conc. increases , together they form citrate . ...
... pyruvate carboxylase they become 4 carbons which is oxaloacetate) • It requires biotin (vitamin B7) as a cofactor. •it is activated by acetyl CoA. (Why?) To complete the citric acid cycle, so if the acetyl CoA conc. increases, then oxaloacetate conc. increases , together they form citrate . ...
Key Benefits to Adding Fluorine to Pharmaceutical Compounds
... hydrogen mimic, adding only limited extra steric demand at receptor sites.1 In addition, its bond length to carbon of 1.26–1.41Å is reasonably similar to that of a carbon–hydrogen bond, which is in the region of 1.08–1.10Å. Therefore, replacing hydrogen with fluorine gives little change in the overa ...
... hydrogen mimic, adding only limited extra steric demand at receptor sites.1 In addition, its bond length to carbon of 1.26–1.41Å is reasonably similar to that of a carbon–hydrogen bond, which is in the region of 1.08–1.10Å. Therefore, replacing hydrogen with fluorine gives little change in the overa ...
![Homework Booklet [4,S]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/010355871_1-63c750e3d1b58eaaebbb3f5d45651c44-300x300.png)
Homework Booklet [4,S]
... 4. Explain the following in terms of bonding and structure ideas :. (i) Silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide both contain covalent bonds but the former melts at 1700oC whereas the latter is a gas at 0oC. (ii) Sodium oxide, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are all poor conductors of electricity ...
... 4. Explain the following in terms of bonding and structure ideas :. (i) Silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide both contain covalent bonds but the former melts at 1700oC whereas the latter is a gas at 0oC. (ii) Sodium oxide, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are all poor conductors of electricity ...
Iron Sulfur Proteins and their Synthetic Analogues: Structure
... nature of the ways in which they operate may be understood. The work which has so far been done on Fe-S proteins is really only a beginning in terms of thorough understanding. This beginning has been achieved largely with the help of synthetic analogues which have been used to provid~ supporting evi ...
... nature of the ways in which they operate may be understood. The work which has so far been done on Fe-S proteins is really only a beginning in terms of thorough understanding. This beginning has been achieved largely with the help of synthetic analogues which have been used to provid~ supporting evi ...
Biochemical fossils of the ancient transition from geoenergetics to
... link to modern microbial physiology, nor did it take into account the vexing ubiquity of chemiosmotic coupling among modern cells [114]. From our standpoint, having a link to modern microbes is important, because very many different possible sources of energy for early biochemical systems can be env ...
... link to modern microbial physiology, nor did it take into account the vexing ubiquity of chemiosmotic coupling among modern cells [114]. From our standpoint, having a link to modern microbes is important, because very many different possible sources of energy for early biochemical systems can be env ...
The Nitrogen Cycle
... can use the nitrogen in the air to grow. It takes the help of special bacteria friends in the soil, and this relationship is unique to the legumes. The Nitrogen Cycle ...
... can use the nitrogen in the air to grow. It takes the help of special bacteria friends in the soil, and this relationship is unique to the legumes. The Nitrogen Cycle ...
Chapter 8
... What is metabolism? • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydrati ...
... What is metabolism? • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydrati ...
WYSE – “Academic Challenge” - Worldwide Youth in Science and
... accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, and then come back to the difficult ones later if time remains. ...
... accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, and then come back to the difficult ones later if time remains. ...
Metabolism and Glycolysis
... energy (from food or other sources), synthesizes and degrades the molecules that form the organism. Life could be defined as a system of steady state reactions that take place in an open system and is endowed with the potential capability of producing similar systems. For the sake of didactics, meta ...
... energy (from food or other sources), synthesizes and degrades the molecules that form the organism. Life could be defined as a system of steady state reactions that take place in an open system and is endowed with the potential capability of producing similar systems. For the sake of didactics, meta ...
Part 2
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has been split!! 4. The C4 molecules is rearranged, regenerating the oxaloacetate; releasing energy that is stored in ATP, FADH, and NADH. 5. In su ...
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has been split!! 4. The C4 molecules is rearranged, regenerating the oxaloacetate; releasing energy that is stored in ATP, FADH, and NADH. 5. In su ...
Lecture 6
... untapped. Under Aerobic conditions a much more dynamic pyruvate metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD +. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis o ...
... untapped. Under Aerobic conditions a much more dynamic pyruvate metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD +. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis o ...
ppt
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has been split!! 4. The C4 molecules is rearranged, regenerating the oxaloacetate; releasing energy that is stored in ATP, FADH, and NADH. 5. In su ...
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has been split!! 4. The C4 molecules is rearranged, regenerating the oxaloacetate; releasing energy that is stored in ATP, FADH, and NADH. 5. In su ...
Model Compounds with Superoxide Dismutase Activity: Iron
... Sutton et al., 1976). However, catalase does not react with 02-'at either pH7.8 or 10.2 (Halliwell, 1973). As part of an investigation into the relation between the structure of porphyrins and their reaction with 02-., we have studied the properties of various metal-ion complexes of the water-solubl ...
... Sutton et al., 1976). However, catalase does not react with 02-'at either pH7.8 or 10.2 (Halliwell, 1973). As part of an investigation into the relation between the structure of porphyrins and their reaction with 02-., we have studied the properties of various metal-ion complexes of the water-solubl ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)