Extracellular electron transfer from aerobic bacteria to Au loaded
... Pa. The distance between the gold target and sample was 60 mm, and the sputtering rate was 20 nm/min. After Au loading, the specimens were annealed at 450 °C for 3 h. There are five groups in this study: Ti plate, TiO2−NT, 10s Au@TiO2−NT, 40s Au@TiO2−NT, and 70s Au@TiO2−NT. Scanning electron microsco ...
... Pa. The distance between the gold target and sample was 60 mm, and the sputtering rate was 20 nm/min. After Au loading, the specimens were annealed at 450 °C for 3 h. There are five groups in this study: Ti plate, TiO2−NT, 10s Au@TiO2−NT, 40s Au@TiO2−NT, and 70s Au@TiO2−NT. Scanning electron microsco ...
Genomic and Physiological Comparisons Between Heterotrophic
... The acidophilic, facultative autotroph Thiobacillus acidophilus was named and described by Guay and Silver (3). This species was discovered as a contaminant in an allegedly pure culture of T. ferrooxidans strain TM, Although T. acidophilus grows autotrophically with elemental sulfur as a sole source ...
... The acidophilic, facultative autotroph Thiobacillus acidophilus was named and described by Guay and Silver (3). This species was discovered as a contaminant in an allegedly pure culture of T. ferrooxidans strain TM, Although T. acidophilus grows autotrophically with elemental sulfur as a sole source ...
mps i
... Typically patients who have metabolism disorders display a constellation of features Isolated failure to thrive, cardiomyopathy, etc. in the absence of other organ system involvement or other ...
... Typically patients who have metabolism disorders display a constellation of features Isolated failure to thrive, cardiomyopathy, etc. in the absence of other organ system involvement or other ...
(metabolic pathways) based on functional group
... A metabolic pathway is composed of a series of coupled, interconnecting chemical reactions. In the recent decades, various methods [7] have been employed to analyze to role of small molecule in metabolic pathways. However, most of the methods are on the basis of biochemical or physical experiments, ...
... A metabolic pathway is composed of a series of coupled, interconnecting chemical reactions. In the recent decades, various methods [7] have been employed to analyze to role of small molecule in metabolic pathways. However, most of the methods are on the basis of biochemical or physical experiments, ...
CHAPTER-IV LIPID METABOLISM BETA
... broken down in mitochondria and/or peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle. The beta oxidation of fatty acids involve three stages: 1. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol 2. Transport of activated fatty acids into mitochondria (carnitine shuttle) 3. Beta ...
... broken down in mitochondria and/or peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle. The beta oxidation of fatty acids involve three stages: 1. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol 2. Transport of activated fatty acids into mitochondria (carnitine shuttle) 3. Beta ...
formula writing and nomenclature of inorganic compounds
... 2 Na + Cl2 2 Na+ClIn this reaction, each sodium atom is considered to have transferred one electron to each chlorine atom forming, as a result, charged atoms or ions. Since each sodium atom has lost one electron, it is assigned an oxidation number of +1, while each chlorine atom has gained one ele ...
... 2 Na + Cl2 2 Na+ClIn this reaction, each sodium atom is considered to have transferred one electron to each chlorine atom forming, as a result, charged atoms or ions. Since each sodium atom has lost one electron, it is assigned an oxidation number of +1, while each chlorine atom has gained one ele ...
TQ bank Lab 4
... A. They help the organism from being destroyed by the H2O2 in the lysosomes of WBCs. B. It builds up the peptidoglycan in bacteria cell walls. C. It is an important enzyme necessary to make flagella, which helps the bacteria be more motile and swim away from danger. D. All of the above. ...
... A. They help the organism from being destroyed by the H2O2 in the lysosomes of WBCs. B. It builds up the peptidoglycan in bacteria cell walls. C. It is an important enzyme necessary to make flagella, which helps the bacteria be more motile and swim away from danger. D. All of the above. ...
An overview of lactic acid bacteria
... accepted in the beginning of the 20th century (Carol et. al., 2010). Other terms as “milk souring” and “lactic acid producing” bacteria had previously been used for the same bacteria causing a slight confusion. This ended with publication of a monograph about lactic acid bacteria written by Orla-Jen ...
... accepted in the beginning of the 20th century (Carol et. al., 2010). Other terms as “milk souring” and “lactic acid producing” bacteria had previously been used for the same bacteria causing a slight confusion. This ended with publication of a monograph about lactic acid bacteria written by Orla-Jen ...
avogadro exam 1994 - University of Waterloo
... Earth became deuterium (D) atoms, what would be the new relative atomic mass for the element hydrogen? ...
... Earth became deuterium (D) atoms, what would be the new relative atomic mass for the element hydrogen? ...
Slide 1
... -________ _________ become _______ ________ oxidized and _______ partially _______ reduced by the _______ unequal _______ sharing of ________; electrons the more _____________ electronegative is considered to be reduced and the less _____________ electronegative is _______ oxidized considered to be ...
... -________ _________ become _______ ________ oxidized and _______ partially _______ reduced by the _______ unequal _______ sharing of ________; electrons the more _____________ electronegative is considered to be reduced and the less _____________ electronegative is _______ oxidized considered to be ...
03-232 Exam III 2013 Name:__________________________
... Choice C: Briefly describe the molecular basis for the ion selectivity of the potassium channel, i.e. why is only potassium allowed through the channel, while other ions, like Na+, cannot. Choice A: The mainchain Hbond donors and acceptors will be forming H-bonds with water in the unfolded protein. ...
... Choice C: Briefly describe the molecular basis for the ion selectivity of the potassium channel, i.e. why is only potassium allowed through the channel, while other ions, like Na+, cannot. Choice A: The mainchain Hbond donors and acceptors will be forming H-bonds with water in the unfolded protein. ...
overview, inorgs, trace nutrients
... learned that the symptoms were due to something missing. • The B-complex vitamins are missing in refined foods (white bread, white rice), which have had the metabolically active portions of the whole grain removed. • These vitamins are cofactors for a large number of reaction schemes that derive ene ...
... learned that the symptoms were due to something missing. • The B-complex vitamins are missing in refined foods (white bread, white rice), which have had the metabolically active portions of the whole grain removed. • These vitamins are cofactors for a large number of reaction schemes that derive ene ...
Schuenemann_Cytochrome P450
... The physiologically important enzyme superfamily cytochrome P450 catalyzes a variety of reactions, such as aliphatic and aromatic hydroxylations, epoxidations, heteroatom oxidation, and N- and O-dealkylation, by transfer of an active oxygen atom from its heme unit to the substrates. All enzymes of t ...
... The physiologically important enzyme superfamily cytochrome P450 catalyzes a variety of reactions, such as aliphatic and aromatic hydroxylations, epoxidations, heteroatom oxidation, and N- and O-dealkylation, by transfer of an active oxygen atom from its heme unit to the substrates. All enzymes of t ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... C) It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose. يحتوي على جزيء من قاعدة نيتروجينية يسمى االدنين ...
... C) It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose. يحتوي على جزيء من قاعدة نيتروجينية يسمى االدنين ...
Medicine "Lactobacterin" is a microbial mass of antagonistically
... of culture medium. Luminescence spectrum of the medicine was obtained. It can be divided into three signals areas: 280 – 300 nm - nucleic acid, 340 nm – NADH, 360 – 440 nm – components of culture medium. Vital activity of Lactobacilli was investigated. The changing of the peak height at 340 nm, that ...
... of culture medium. Luminescence spectrum of the medicine was obtained. It can be divided into three signals areas: 280 – 300 nm - nucleic acid, 340 nm – NADH, 360 – 440 nm – components of culture medium. Vital activity of Lactobacilli was investigated. The changing of the peak height at 340 nm, that ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology - Laramie County School District #2
... Scientists who study ecology are called ecologists. Ecologists observe, experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods. For example, ecologists, like the one shown in Figure 2.2, perform tests in organisms’ environments. Results from these tests might give clues as to why organisms are a ...
... Scientists who study ecology are called ecologists. Ecologists observe, experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods. For example, ecologists, like the one shown in Figure 2.2, perform tests in organisms’ environments. Results from these tests might give clues as to why organisms are a ...
Roberts, LM Dept. of Chemistry California State
... Be able to predict regulation of the TCA cycle Understand the basic concepts of the glyoxylate cycle (two unique reactions, 4 carbons feed in as AcCoA, 4 carbons come out as succinate; these carbons are precursors for carbohydrates. Plants can make CHO from fatty acid carbons but animals cannot). Kn ...
... Be able to predict regulation of the TCA cycle Understand the basic concepts of the glyoxylate cycle (two unique reactions, 4 carbons feed in as AcCoA, 4 carbons come out as succinate; these carbons are precursors for carbohydrates. Plants can make CHO from fatty acid carbons but animals cannot). Kn ...
Chapter 18: Interactions of Living Things
... bottles began to be used to hold liquids. In 1903, the invention of the automatic glass-bottle-blowing machine made it possible to mass-produce bottles.They were used for everything from milk to soda. Consumers returned the empty bottles to be refilled. In 1929, companies began experimenting with ca ...
... bottles began to be used to hold liquids. In 1903, the invention of the automatic glass-bottle-blowing machine made it possible to mass-produce bottles.They were used for everything from milk to soda. Consumers returned the empty bottles to be refilled. In 1929, companies began experimenting with ca ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)