Bio3460-9 Photosynthesis
... 1) Increased water-use efficiency (ratio of carbon gain to water loss) - C4 plants have lower stomatal conductance - lower CO2 concentration in mesophyll cells - PEP carboxylase fixes CO2 efficiently and saves water 2) Increased nitrogen-use efficiency (ratio of carbon gain to leaf N) - C4 plants ha ...
... 1) Increased water-use efficiency (ratio of carbon gain to water loss) - C4 plants have lower stomatal conductance - lower CO2 concentration in mesophyll cells - PEP carboxylase fixes CO2 efficiently and saves water 2) Increased nitrogen-use efficiency (ratio of carbon gain to leaf N) - C4 plants ha ...
Artificial Photosynthesis - The Mars Homestead Project
... 2. Mg+2, which enters the stroma as H+ ions leave when chloroplasts are illuminated. 3. NADPH, which is generated by photosystem I during illumination. CO2 fixation is a dark reaction, but it is regulated by the light reaction ...
... 2. Mg+2, which enters the stroma as H+ ions leave when chloroplasts are illuminated. 3. NADPH, which is generated by photosystem I during illumination. CO2 fixation is a dark reaction, but it is regulated by the light reaction ...
EXAM 1 KEY
... 15. In case study 25 on glycogen storage disease, Alex has a deficiency in the enzyme Muscle phosphorlase a which lead to high levels of glycogen. What would your conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen ...
... 15. In case study 25 on glycogen storage disease, Alex has a deficiency in the enzyme Muscle phosphorlase a which lead to high levels of glycogen. What would your conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen ...
Biology I End-Of-Course Training Test Text-To
... D. The percentage of identical DNA within a species is high. This answer is not correct. Individuals within a species share a large percentage of their DNA, but there is still enough difference among individuals for this to be a useful technique. ...
... D. The percentage of identical DNA within a species is high. This answer is not correct. Individuals within a species share a large percentage of their DNA, but there is still enough difference among individuals for this to be a useful technique. ...
Glycolysis
... (TCA cycle), ______________ to generate reducing agents for ATP production (next lecture series) _____________ conditions: 1. Anaerobic glycolysis, the production of ____________________. Occurs in muscles 2. Alcohol fermentation, production of ethanol from pyruvate ...
... (TCA cycle), ______________ to generate reducing agents for ATP production (next lecture series) _____________ conditions: 1. Anaerobic glycolysis, the production of ____________________. Occurs in muscles 2. Alcohol fermentation, production of ethanol from pyruvate ...
Table of Contents - Test bank Store
... Answer: The best answers should include the following: Advantages of asexual reproduction - no need to find a mate, easier, quicker, safer, less expenditure of energy, preserves genetic make up of the parent Disadvantages of asexual reproduction - no mixing of the genes to produce new genetic combin ...
... Answer: The best answers should include the following: Advantages of asexual reproduction - no need to find a mate, easier, quicker, safer, less expenditure of energy, preserves genetic make up of the parent Disadvantages of asexual reproduction - no mixing of the genes to produce new genetic combin ...
Table of Contents - We can offer most test bank and solution manual
... Answer: The best answers should include the following: Advantages of asexual reproduction - no need to find a mate, easier, quicker, safer, less expenditure of energy, preserves genetic make up of the parent Disadvantages of asexual reproduction - no mixing of the genes to produce new genetic combin ...
... Answer: The best answers should include the following: Advantages of asexual reproduction - no need to find a mate, easier, quicker, safer, less expenditure of energy, preserves genetic make up of the parent Disadvantages of asexual reproduction - no mixing of the genes to produce new genetic combin ...
Table of Contents - We can offer most test bank and solution manual
... Answer: The best answers should include the following: Advantages of asexual reproduction - no need to find a mate, easier, quicker, safer, less expenditure of energy, preserves genetic make up of the parent Disadvantages of asexual reproduction - no mixing of the genes to produce new genetic combin ...
... Answer: The best answers should include the following: Advantages of asexual reproduction - no need to find a mate, easier, quicker, safer, less expenditure of energy, preserves genetic make up of the parent Disadvantages of asexual reproduction - no mixing of the genes to produce new genetic combin ...
Laboratory for Microbial Ecology - Department of Environmental
... sensitive and rapid method for assessing the potential metabolic diversity of microbial communities. Furthermore, the ecological relevance of certain contaminants such as hydrocarbons, pesticides and metals to soil bacterial ...
... sensitive and rapid method for assessing the potential metabolic diversity of microbial communities. Furthermore, the ecological relevance of certain contaminants such as hydrocarbons, pesticides and metals to soil bacterial ...
question Examination questions: Digestion and intermediary
... (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in metabolic reactions) (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in metabolic reactions) (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in metabolic reactions) (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in m ...
... (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in metabolic reactions) (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in metabolic reactions) (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in metabolic reactions) (alternative names, active forms, examples of their use in m ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry
... is also obtained via anaerobic glycolysis - The pyruvate end-product of glycolysis is ultimately converted via a two-step process called “alcoholic fermentation” to ethanol: (1) Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde using thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor with ...
... is also obtained via anaerobic glycolysis - The pyruvate end-product of glycolysis is ultimately converted via a two-step process called “alcoholic fermentation” to ethanol: (1) Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde using thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor with ...
BIOSPHERE Chapter 3
... The bond in N2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ _______________ ____________________ Image by Riedell ...
... The bond in N2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ _______________ ____________________ Image by Riedell ...
Figure 3 - Neuro - AGH
... (Tyr) or tryptophan (Trp) can lead to specific cleavage next to these amino acids[1]. Coupling of electrochemical oxidation to mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (EC/ESI-MS) may become an alternative to routinely used methodologies. In fact, this technique can help to distinguish phospho ...
... (Tyr) or tryptophan (Trp) can lead to specific cleavage next to these amino acids[1]. Coupling of electrochemical oxidation to mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (EC/ESI-MS) may become an alternative to routinely used methodologies. In fact, this technique can help to distinguish phospho ...
Advances around technologies investigating mitochondrial function
... the mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, I would like to remind readers that nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used trace high-energy phosphates (i.e., ATP), as well as inorganic phosphate in vivo (31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Therefore, one can easily evaluate mitochon ...
... the mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, I would like to remind readers that nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used trace high-energy phosphates (i.e., ATP), as well as inorganic phosphate in vivo (31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Therefore, one can easily evaluate mitochon ...
Detoxikace endogenních a exogenních látek
... Electrons from NADPH+H+ are transferred to NADPHcytochrome P450 reductase, then to cytochrome P450 and to oxygen → one oxygen atom is inserted into the substrate They metabolize not only xenobiotics but also endogenous compounds, e.g. some steroids, eicosanoids ...
... Electrons from NADPH+H+ are transferred to NADPHcytochrome P450 reductase, then to cytochrome P450 and to oxygen → one oxygen atom is inserted into the substrate They metabolize not only xenobiotics but also endogenous compounds, e.g. some steroids, eicosanoids ...
BC 367 Biochemistry of the Cell I
... Production of acetyl-CoA (e.g., during glycolysis and the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
... Production of acetyl-CoA (e.g., during glycolysis and the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
Marine Microbes: Culturing the “Unculturable”
... refer to this conundrum as “The Great Plate Count Anomaly.” Why aren’t bacteria growing in the laboratory? It is likely that many bacteria will not grow because microbiologists are unable to adequately reproduce one or more important aspects of the bacteria’s natural environment in the growth me ...
... refer to this conundrum as “The Great Plate Count Anomaly.” Why aren’t bacteria growing in the laboratory? It is likely that many bacteria will not grow because microbiologists are unable to adequately reproduce one or more important aspects of the bacteria’s natural environment in the growth me ...
BIOENERGETICS
... • The free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is -30,5 kj/mol under standard conditions but the actual free energy change (ΔG) of ATP hydrolysis in living cells is very different. • The cellular concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi are not same and are much lower than the 1 M standard conditions. • In a ...
... • The free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is -30,5 kj/mol under standard conditions but the actual free energy change (ΔG) of ATP hydrolysis in living cells is very different. • The cellular concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi are not same and are much lower than the 1 M standard conditions. • In a ...
Supplement I
... experiment. Measurements of compartment-specific metabolites indicate high exchange between cytosol and plastid and that pools are in near-equilibrium. Data are taken from the [U-13C6]-glucose labeling experiment. (a) GCMS fragments from compartmentspecific metabolites have very similar profiles eve ...
... experiment. Measurements of compartment-specific metabolites indicate high exchange between cytosol and plastid and that pools are in near-equilibrium. Data are taken from the [U-13C6]-glucose labeling experiment. (a) GCMS fragments from compartmentspecific metabolites have very similar profiles eve ...
Exercises 7/8/9/10/17 Endospore Stain: Exercise 7
... Remember: • Aerobes need oxygen! • Anaerobes do not like oxygen! What type of bacteria absolutely requires oxygen in order to grow? Obligate aerobes What type of bacteria can grow with or without oxygen? Facultative anaerobes What type of bacteria requires only a small amount of oxygen and its growt ...
... Remember: • Aerobes need oxygen! • Anaerobes do not like oxygen! What type of bacteria absolutely requires oxygen in order to grow? Obligate aerobes What type of bacteria can grow with or without oxygen? Facultative anaerobes What type of bacteria requires only a small amount of oxygen and its growt ...
Marine Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycles
... Excreted waste and dead organic matter are broken down by decomposers as an energy source. Some of these decomposers are denitrifying bacteria, whose metabolism breaks down organicbound nitrogen into progressively oxidized inorganic forms: the first is ammonia (NH 3 ) , followed by nitrite (N02 ) , ...
... Excreted waste and dead organic matter are broken down by decomposers as an energy source. Some of these decomposers are denitrifying bacteria, whose metabolism breaks down organicbound nitrogen into progressively oxidized inorganic forms: the first is ammonia (NH 3 ) , followed by nitrite (N02 ) , ...
Generalities Main amino acid reactions
... 1 - fixation of the substrate 1 to the active site of the enzyme, then formation of the product which is detached from the active site 2 - fixation of the substrate 2 to the active site of the enzyme ...
... 1 - fixation of the substrate 1 to the active site of the enzyme, then formation of the product which is detached from the active site 2 - fixation of the substrate 2 to the active site of the enzyme ...
Document
... ATP – PCr stores can sustain energy supply for only 3 – 15 seconds ATP – PCr stores are rebuilt relatively quickly: Approx 50% available within 30 seconds: completely restored within 2 - 3 minutes *When exercise extends beyond the extent of the ATP – PCr system, energy is provided through the breakd ...
... ATP – PCr stores can sustain energy supply for only 3 – 15 seconds ATP – PCr stores are rebuilt relatively quickly: Approx 50% available within 30 seconds: completely restored within 2 - 3 minutes *When exercise extends beyond the extent of the ATP – PCr system, energy is provided through the breakd ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)