cmc chapter 22
... • A ketone is an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. • Ketones are named by changing the –e at the end of the alkane name to –one, and including a number before the name to indicate the position of the ketone group. • Ketones and aldehydes ...
... • A ketone is an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. • Ketones are named by changing the –e at the end of the alkane name to –one, and including a number before the name to indicate the position of the ketone group. • Ketones and aldehydes ...
03Glycolysis
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
S08 Glycolysis
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1
... • The most important function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to reduce two molecules of NADP+ to NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) for each glucose-6-phosphate that is oxidatively decarboxylated to ribulose-5-phosphate. • NADPH is functionally similar to NAD+ however, NADPH is ...
... • The most important function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to reduce two molecules of NADP+ to NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) for each glucose-6-phosphate that is oxidatively decarboxylated to ribulose-5-phosphate. • NADPH is functionally similar to NAD+ however, NADPH is ...
2008 VFA Absorption
... – Acetate and B(OH)butyrate contribute equally to the first 4 carbons – Must be converted to acetyl CoA for additional C • Lactate – 5 – 10% of the fatty acids in milk – Inversely related to the amount of acetate available » Controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase – Additional uses of lactate » Glycero ...
... – Acetate and B(OH)butyrate contribute equally to the first 4 carbons – Must be converted to acetyl CoA for additional C • Lactate – 5 – 10% of the fatty acids in milk – Inversely related to the amount of acetate available » Controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase – Additional uses of lactate » Glycero ...
5. CHAPTER XI PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... Note that molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor and that H2O is the final product. DMA: Chapter 11 Hartmann's Plant Science, 4th edition ...
... Note that molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor and that H2O is the final product. DMA: Chapter 11 Hartmann's Plant Science, 4th edition ...
Oh Deer! Do We Have a Problem?
... • One-at-a-time, 4 clues about one of the terms will be shown on the screen. You are to determine the term that all the clues refer to. • Record your work in your science notebook or on a google doc. • Some terms may have similar meanings, so be careful not to answer too soon. ...
... • One-at-a-time, 4 clues about one of the terms will be shown on the screen. You are to determine the term that all the clues refer to. • Record your work in your science notebook or on a google doc. • Some terms may have similar meanings, so be careful not to answer too soon. ...
Anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids by
... methionine, asparagine, aspartate and histidine) as a sole carbon and energy source. To the best of our knowledge, F. placidus is the first organism found to grow via anaerobic respiration with such a wide range of amino acids as the sole electron donor. It is also the only known hyperthermophilic a ...
... methionine, asparagine, aspartate and histidine) as a sole carbon and energy source. To the best of our knowledge, F. placidus is the first organism found to grow via anaerobic respiration with such a wide range of amino acids as the sole electron donor. It is also the only known hyperthermophilic a ...
Lesson 3.Carbohydrate Metabolism
... The whole purpose of a “turn” of the citric acid cycle is to produce two carbon dioxide molecules. This general oxidation reaction is accompanied by the loss of hydrogen and electrons at four specific places. These oxidations are connected to the electron transport chain where many ATP are produced. ...
... The whole purpose of a “turn” of the citric acid cycle is to produce two carbon dioxide molecules. This general oxidation reaction is accompanied by the loss of hydrogen and electrons at four specific places. These oxidations are connected to the electron transport chain where many ATP are produced. ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... an amorphous structure of xylan, arabinoxylan, glucomannan, and others. In contrast to cellulose, hemicelluloses are relatively easily hydrolyzed by acid treatment or by enzymes to form C5 monomers, with the C5 sugar D-xylose being the most abundant pentose derived from many materials. ...
... an amorphous structure of xylan, arabinoxylan, glucomannan, and others. In contrast to cellulose, hemicelluloses are relatively easily hydrolyzed by acid treatment or by enzymes to form C5 monomers, with the C5 sugar D-xylose being the most abundant pentose derived from many materials. ...
Chem 32 Solutions to Section 15.4 – 15.6 Homework Problems
... 15.78 Only pathway “c” produces energy that can be harnessed to make ATP. Pathway “a” does not produce or consume a significant amount of energy. Pathway “b” is an activation step, and consumes energy (the body breaks down ATP in this step). 15.86 The starting materials of the citric acid cycle are ...
... 15.78 Only pathway “c” produces energy that can be harnessed to make ATP. Pathway “a” does not produce or consume a significant amount of energy. Pathway “b” is an activation step, and consumes energy (the body breaks down ATP in this step). 15.86 The starting materials of the citric acid cycle are ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration
... of H ions used to produce ATP – Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced from one molecule of glucose ...
... of H ions used to produce ATP – Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced from one molecule of glucose ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... metabolic roles in addition to oxidation. It takes part in gluconeogenesis, transamination, synthesis of heme and fatty acids. • Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of new glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as lactate, glucogenic amino acids, glycerol, and propionate. It provides glucose to the ...
... metabolic roles in addition to oxidation. It takes part in gluconeogenesis, transamination, synthesis of heme and fatty acids. • Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of new glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as lactate, glucogenic amino acids, glycerol, and propionate. It provides glucose to the ...
Metabolic flux analysis of Escherichia coli in glucose
... demand for anabolic purposes at the expense of ATP formation through catabolic activities. Thus, increasing growth rates first result in a more energy-efficient use of the carbon substrate for biomass production, i.e. a lower portion of the carbon substrate is channelled into the respiratory, energy ...
... demand for anabolic purposes at the expense of ATP formation through catabolic activities. Thus, increasing growth rates first result in a more energy-efficient use of the carbon substrate for biomass production, i.e. a lower portion of the carbon substrate is channelled into the respiratory, energy ...
citric acid cycle
... admitted, aerobic recovery takes place and lactate disappears. However, if contraction occurs under aerobic conditions, lactate does not accumulate and pyruvate is the major end product of glycolysis. Pyruvate is oxidized further to CO2 and water. When oxygen is in short supply, mitochondrial reoxid ...
... admitted, aerobic recovery takes place and lactate disappears. However, if contraction occurs under aerobic conditions, lactate does not accumulate and pyruvate is the major end product of glycolysis. Pyruvate is oxidized further to CO2 and water. When oxygen is in short supply, mitochondrial reoxid ...
Chapter 15
... Galactosemia is a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar called galactose. A small amount of galactose is present in many foods. It is primarily part of a larger sugar called lactose, which is found in all dairy products and many baby formulas. The signs and symptoms of galacto ...
... Galactosemia is a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar called galactose. A small amount of galactose is present in many foods. It is primarily part of a larger sugar called lactose, which is found in all dairy products and many baby formulas. The signs and symptoms of galacto ...
Pyruvate Glucose - School of Medicine
... All the DHAP is converted to glyceraldehyde 3phosphate. Although, the reaction is reversible it is shifted to the right since glyceraldehyde 3phosphate is a substrate for the next reactions of glycolysis. Thus, both 3-carbon fragments are subsequently oxidized. ...
... All the DHAP is converted to glyceraldehyde 3phosphate. Although, the reaction is reversible it is shifted to the right since glyceraldehyde 3phosphate is a substrate for the next reactions of glycolysis. Thus, both 3-carbon fragments are subsequently oxidized. ...
WEEK 11
... bodies normally maintain a constant blood glucose level. If the level increases, the glucose is converted into glycogen, a glucose polymer, which is stored in liver and muscle. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, controls this process. Insufficient production of insulin results in the con ...
... bodies normally maintain a constant blood glucose level. If the level increases, the glucose is converted into glycogen, a glucose polymer, which is stored in liver and muscle. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, controls this process. Insufficient production of insulin results in the con ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)