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this lecture as PDF here
... • If each ATP contains ~7.3 kcal/mole (from delta Go' for hydrolysis) and each NADPH contains ~54 kcal/mole (from delta Go' for oxidation), then to make glucose costs 780 kcal/mole, more than the energy available by oxidizing glucose. • Conclusion: making sugar is expensive! Cell needs to supply la ...
... • If each ATP contains ~7.3 kcal/mole (from delta Go' for hydrolysis) and each NADPH contains ~54 kcal/mole (from delta Go' for oxidation), then to make glucose costs 780 kcal/mole, more than the energy available by oxidizing glucose. • Conclusion: making sugar is expensive! Cell needs to supply la ...
notes for cell resp - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... A. AcetylCoA enters the cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form a six carbon citrate (citric acid) B. Rearrangement of the molecule yield NADH and CO2 C. Loss of the CoA drives GDP to GTP which drives ADP to ATP D. FAD is reduced to FADH2 E. More rearrangements produce NADH and oxaloacetate F. ...
... A. AcetylCoA enters the cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form a six carbon citrate (citric acid) B. Rearrangement of the molecule yield NADH and CO2 C. Loss of the CoA drives GDP to GTP which drives ADP to ATP D. FAD is reduced to FADH2 E. More rearrangements produce NADH and oxaloacetate F. ...
No Slide Title
... 2 NO2 O2 2 NO3 heat Autotrophes utilise the energy, released in ammonum oxidation for cells mass building, delivering the necessary carbon out from CO2 in the air. In this way cycles of C and N transformations interact in the Nature. Dissolved organic substances strongly inhibit the autotr ...
... 2 NO2 O2 2 NO3 heat Autotrophes utilise the energy, released in ammonum oxidation for cells mass building, delivering the necessary carbon out from CO2 in the air. In this way cycles of C and N transformations interact in the Nature. Dissolved organic substances strongly inhibit the autotr ...
EndofUnitTestReviewA.. - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... chemical pollutants in organisms at the bottom of the food chain. False. The process of biomagnification tends to increase the concentration of chemical pollutants in organisms at the top of the food chain. ...
... chemical pollutants in organisms at the bottom of the food chain. False. The process of biomagnification tends to increase the concentration of chemical pollutants in organisms at the top of the food chain. ...
Unit 2 Metabolic Processes Expectations
... C1.1 analyse the role of metabolic processes in the functioning of and interactions between biotic and abiotic systems (e.g., specialized microbes and enzymes in biotechnological applications to treat wastewater in the pulp and paper industry; microbes and enzymes in bioremediation, such as in the c ...
... C1.1 analyse the role of metabolic processes in the functioning of and interactions between biotic and abiotic systems (e.g., specialized microbes and enzymes in biotechnological applications to treat wastewater in the pulp and paper industry; microbes and enzymes in bioremediation, such as in the c ...
Chapter Two Vocabulary Biogeography The study of where
... Nitrogenfixation The process of changing free nitrogen gas into a useable form Omnivore A consumer that eats both plants and animals Permafrost Soil that is frozen all year Precipitation Rain sleet hail or snow Producer An organism that can make its own food Savanna A grassland close to the equator ...
... Nitrogenfixation The process of changing free nitrogen gas into a useable form Omnivore A consumer that eats both plants and animals Permafrost Soil that is frozen all year Precipitation Rain sleet hail or snow Producer An organism that can make its own food Savanna A grassland close to the equator ...
Aerobic Respiration - Weber State University
... will get between 30 and 38 ATP from glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETC. The majority of that ATP (85-90%) comes from the ETC. The high end of ATP yield (35-38 ATP) represents about 40% of the energy that was available in a molecule of glucose. The remaining energy is given off as heat. Some plants de ...
... will get between 30 and 38 ATP from glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETC. The majority of that ATP (85-90%) comes from the ETC. The high end of ATP yield (35-38 ATP) represents about 40% of the energy that was available in a molecule of glucose. The remaining energy is given off as heat. Some plants de ...
Catabolic Pathways and Glycolysis
... Catabolic Pathways and Glycolysis • The ability to do that work depends on catabolic process that harvest the potential energy found in organic molecules. The 2 catabolic processes that occur in organisms are fermentation (breakdown without O2)and cellular respiration (breakdown with O2). ...
... Catabolic Pathways and Glycolysis • The ability to do that work depends on catabolic process that harvest the potential energy found in organic molecules. The 2 catabolic processes that occur in organisms are fermentation (breakdown without O2)and cellular respiration (breakdown with O2). ...
Cellular Energy
... • Occurs in the mitochondria • Most organisms on earth are aerobic • 1 glucose completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water. ...
... • Occurs in the mitochondria • Most organisms on earth are aerobic • 1 glucose completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water. ...
Chapter 3: The Biosphere
... • Trophic Levels: ______________________________________________ Ex: producers, then _____________ Ecological Pyramids – ___________________________________________ •Biomass – _________________________________________________ ...
... • Trophic Levels: ______________________________________________ Ex: producers, then _____________ Ecological Pyramids – ___________________________________________ •Biomass – _________________________________________________ ...
SB3a
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
Metabolism - California Science Teacher
... During respiration most energy flows in a sequence: glucose, NADH, electron transport chain, proton, motive force, ATP. ...
... During respiration most energy flows in a sequence: glucose, NADH, electron transport chain, proton, motive force, ATP. ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-7 Energy Release and Conservation
... Catabolism: larger and complex molecules are broken down into smaller and simpler molecules with the release of energy, some of this energy is trapped and made available for work , the remainder is released as heat. Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler one with the input of energy ...
... Catabolism: larger and complex molecules are broken down into smaller and simpler molecules with the release of energy, some of this energy is trapped and made available for work , the remainder is released as heat. Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler one with the input of energy ...
MICR 201 Microbiology for Health Related Sciences
... is generated (potential energy) Special protein channels allow H+ flux back into the cell Re-entering of H+ into the cell generates energy for ...
... is generated (potential energy) Special protein channels allow H+ flux back into the cell Re-entering of H+ into the cell generates energy for ...
Exam #2
... How do these two schemes mesh together for green plants and cyanobacteria (Z scheme)? In addition to making ATP, Purple and green bacteria need to make NADH (then NADPH for anabolism). What kinds of molecules donate electrons for this reverse electron flow? What are the basic functions of the Calvin ...
... How do these two schemes mesh together for green plants and cyanobacteria (Z scheme)? In addition to making ATP, Purple and green bacteria need to make NADH (then NADPH for anabolism). What kinds of molecules donate electrons for this reverse electron flow? What are the basic functions of the Calvin ...
Cell Respiration
... If respiration is anaerobic Pyruvate is reduced into either lactic acid releasing NAD+ or Alcohol is produced with the release of NAD+ and carbon dioxide The reduction of pyruvate into lactic acid or ethanol does not release energy. Only serves in the release of NAD+ ...
... If respiration is anaerobic Pyruvate is reduced into either lactic acid releasing NAD+ or Alcohol is produced with the release of NAD+ and carbon dioxide The reduction of pyruvate into lactic acid or ethanol does not release energy. Only serves in the release of NAD+ ...
METABOLISM IN BACTERIA Microbial Metabolism Metabolism
... and reduced to H2O. This is normal for higher organisms. But in anaerobic bacteria, the terminal electron acceptor may be of nitrite, nitrate, sulphate or carbon dioxide. d. A membrane bound ATPase enzyme: The proton motive force developed during ETC leads to formation of ATP by enzyme ATPase presen ...
... and reduced to H2O. This is normal for higher organisms. But in anaerobic bacteria, the terminal electron acceptor may be of nitrite, nitrate, sulphate or carbon dioxide. d. A membrane bound ATPase enzyme: The proton motive force developed during ETC leads to formation of ATP by enzyme ATPase presen ...
ECOLOGY
... • Heterotrophs (Consumers ): cannot make their own food – Include all animals, most protists, all fungi, and many bacteria – Types include herbivores (plant eaters), carnivores (meat eaters), omnivores (plant and animal eaters), and detritivores (eat dead plants, animals, and animal waste; also call ...
... • Heterotrophs (Consumers ): cannot make their own food – Include all animals, most protists, all fungi, and many bacteria – Types include herbivores (plant eaters), carnivores (meat eaters), omnivores (plant and animal eaters), and detritivores (eat dead plants, animals, and animal waste; also call ...
Powerpoint presentation
... Gluconobacter: oxidise glucose to gluconic acid Similar to methylotrophs in having special systems for oxidation of growth substrates (quinoproteins) ...
... Gluconobacter: oxidise glucose to gluconic acid Similar to methylotrophs in having special systems for oxidation of growth substrates (quinoproteins) ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)