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IV. Wastewater Treatment Topic IV. 3. Ammonification, Nitrification and Denitrification. Cycle of Nitrogen in the Nature Ammonification Definition: Anaerobic processes of proteins and carbamide - CO(NH2)2 decomposition resulting in generation of ammonium salts and ammonia as end-products. First faze - carbamide hydrolyses CO( NH 2 ) 2 H 2 O ( NH 4 ) 2 CO3 Second faze - ammonification ( NH 4 ) 2 CO3 2 NH 3 CO2 H 2 O 1 Nitrification Definition: Aerobic processes leading to decomposition of ammonium salts to nitrites and finally to nitrates (salts of the nitric acid) as end-products. First faze - performed by specific hemotrophic bacteria specie Nitrosomonas 2 NH 4 3O2 2 NO2 2H 2 O 4H heat Second faze - performed by specific autotrophic bacteria specie Nitrobacter 2 NO2 O2 2 NO3 heat Autotrophes utilise the energy, released in ammonum oxidation for cells mass building, delivering the necessary carbon out from CO2 in the air. In this way cycles of C and N transformations interact in the Nature. Dissolved organic substances strongly inhibit the autotrophes. 2 Denitrification Definition: Anaerobic processes leading to N2 as end-product in a result of carbon assimilation by oxidation of organic substances with NO3 as electrons acceptor. 5C 6 H 12O6 24 KNO3 24 KHCO3 6CO2 12 N 2 18H 2 O Processes of denitrification are due to activities of heterotrophic facultative bacteria species, such as Pseudomonas and some other facultatives Dissolved oxygen is a strong inhibitor for the processes of denitrification In the processes of denitrification less oxygen is utilize than the one, incorporated into the nitrates in the processes of nitrification Nitrogen-gas release in the atmosphere, further on is fixed in the soil by specific bacteria (N-fixators) and is utilized by plants. In 3 this way the cycle of N in the Nature is closed Cycle of Nitrogen in the Nature metabolism Plants' proteins fixing dead food N2 Nitrogen ammonification NH3 compounds Carbamide NO3- hydrolises II faze nitrification I faze nitrification food Animals' proteins metabolism dead NO2- denitrification 4