Stimulation of glycolysis in anaerobic elongation of pondweed
... Strong tolerance to anaerobic conditions is known to be one of the adaptive characteristics of aquatic plants for their survival in anaerobic environments. However, the mechanisms of the tolerance are not clear. Studies on the regulation of energy metabolism in anoxia are important to understand how ...
... Strong tolerance to anaerobic conditions is known to be one of the adaptive characteristics of aquatic plants for their survival in anaerobic environments. However, the mechanisms of the tolerance are not clear. Studies on the regulation of energy metabolism in anoxia are important to understand how ...
Firefly Bioluminescence
... Firefly Luciferase Structure and Mechanistic Functions The cloning and sequencing of P. pyralis luciferase and similar enzymes from approximately fifteen other beetle species has revealed that these luciferases are closely related to a large family of non-bioluminescent proteins that catalyze reacti ...
... Firefly Luciferase Structure and Mechanistic Functions The cloning and sequencing of P. pyralis luciferase and similar enzymes from approximately fifteen other beetle species has revealed that these luciferases are closely related to a large family of non-bioluminescent proteins that catalyze reacti ...
The Metabolism of the Amino Acids of Escherichia
... bacteria had the disadvantage that more 14Cwas liberated into the medium after prolonged incubation in the absence of protozoa, but provided that incubations of less than 3 hr were used, the amount released was small. The number of bacteria engulfed was determined after incubation of the protozoa wi ...
... bacteria had the disadvantage that more 14Cwas liberated into the medium after prolonged incubation in the absence of protozoa, but provided that incubations of less than 3 hr were used, the amount released was small. The number of bacteria engulfed was determined after incubation of the protozoa wi ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... mitochondria in the the citric acid cycle to yield CO2 The oxidation process releases energy in matched stages These reactions are coupled to an electron-transport chain (successive reduction) The energy available drives a dehydration reaction that forms to produce molecules of the nucleotide ...
... mitochondria in the the citric acid cycle to yield CO2 The oxidation process releases energy in matched stages These reactions are coupled to an electron-transport chain (successive reduction) The energy available drives a dehydration reaction that forms to produce molecules of the nucleotide ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
... against 1 or more test organisms. Among the 25 isolates that were subjected for secondary screening only 9 isolates showed activity against test organisms. Actinomycete isolates namely Strain7 showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against all test organisms inhibiting growth & forms a zone of ...
... against 1 or more test organisms. Among the 25 isolates that were subjected for secondary screening only 9 isolates showed activity against test organisms. Actinomycete isolates namely Strain7 showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against all test organisms inhibiting growth & forms a zone of ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... mitochondria in the the citric acid cycle to yield CO2 The oxidation process releases energy in matched stages These reactions are coupled to an electron-transport chain (successive reduction) The energy available drives a dehydration reaction that forms to produce molecules of the nucleotide ...
... mitochondria in the the citric acid cycle to yield CO2 The oxidation process releases energy in matched stages These reactions are coupled to an electron-transport chain (successive reduction) The energy available drives a dehydration reaction that forms to produce molecules of the nucleotide ...
Dr. Murad`s Abstract
... The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past three decades has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas and a free radical with an unshared electron that can regulate an ever-growing list of biological processes. Nitric oxide is formed from L- ...
... The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past three decades has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas and a free radical with an unshared electron that can regulate an ever-growing list of biological processes. Nitric oxide is formed from L- ...
Slide 1
... Galactose 1-P accumulates in liver cells (high galactose in blood and urine) Decrease liver function and cataracts ...
... Galactose 1-P accumulates in liver cells (high galactose in blood and urine) Decrease liver function and cataracts ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the formation of two ATP molecules anaerobic ...
... molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the formation of two ATP molecules anaerobic ...
Bioreaction Network Topology and Metabolic Flux Ratio
... 1995; Szyperski, 1995). Consequently, several major biosynthetic pathways can be analyzed in a single experiment. A major advantage of this indirect, biomass-oriented approach emerges when amino acids are derived from cellular protein, which represents about 550 of the biomass of an average Escheric ...
... 1995; Szyperski, 1995). Consequently, several major biosynthetic pathways can be analyzed in a single experiment. A major advantage of this indirect, biomass-oriented approach emerges when amino acids are derived from cellular protein, which represents about 550 of the biomass of an average Escheric ...
H2S-NSAIDs
... death.(20) The primary cause of death from H2S poisoning has been attributed to respiratory paralysis.(18) In addition, pulmonary edema has consistently been reported as the single most notable lesion in autopsies of individuals killed by H2S poisoning.(21) At present, although the mechanism of acti ...
... death.(20) The primary cause of death from H2S poisoning has been attributed to respiratory paralysis.(18) In addition, pulmonary edema has consistently been reported as the single most notable lesion in autopsies of individuals killed by H2S poisoning.(21) At present, although the mechanism of acti ...
Internal expression of Yarrowia NDH2
... These two organisms may illustrate key questions regarding the metabolic function of external and internal alternative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases in ascomycetous fungi: Are there separate metabolic pools for NADH in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondrial matrix or do redox shuttles exist? Do th ...
... These two organisms may illustrate key questions regarding the metabolic function of external and internal alternative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases in ascomycetous fungi: Are there separate metabolic pools for NADH in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondrial matrix or do redox shuttles exist? Do th ...
Berleman, J. Analysis of inter-species interactions and
... Bioluminescence is an important signaling mechanism in marine organisms (Herring, 1985). Unicellular marine dinoflagellates use a flash of bioluminescence to escape predation. It is utilized by some fish species, such as the angler fish Melanocetus johnsonii, as a lure to attract prey. The Black Dra ...
... Bioluminescence is an important signaling mechanism in marine organisms (Herring, 1985). Unicellular marine dinoflagellates use a flash of bioluminescence to escape predation. It is utilized by some fish species, such as the angler fish Melanocetus johnsonii, as a lure to attract prey. The Black Dra ...
as a PDF
... fall far short of those observed. Moreover, if any incorporation of activity into carbon dioxide occurred by mechanisms other than recycling, even less recycling could have taken place. It therefore appears impossible that the radioactivity of carboxyls 2 and 3 is due solely to recycling. A similar ...
... fall far short of those observed. Moreover, if any incorporation of activity into carbon dioxide occurred by mechanisms other than recycling, even less recycling could have taken place. It therefore appears impossible that the radioactivity of carboxyls 2 and 3 is due solely to recycling. A similar ...
Lactate and Lactic Acid
... The aerobic pathway is the most complicated in terms of the steps involved, but yields the largest amount of ATP and allows the use of many types of fuels such as fats, proteins, glucose and lactate (yes, lactate). The conversion of these fuels into ATP requires various steps within the muscle cell. ...
... The aerobic pathway is the most complicated in terms of the steps involved, but yields the largest amount of ATP and allows the use of many types of fuels such as fats, proteins, glucose and lactate (yes, lactate). The conversion of these fuels into ATP requires various steps within the muscle cell. ...
Beta-lactam antibiotics
... β-Lactams can easily penetrate Gram (+) bacteria, but the outer cell membrane of Gram (-) bacteria prevents diffusion of the drug. βLactams can be modified to make use of import porins in the cell membrane. β-Lactams also have difficulty penetrating human cell membranes, making them ineffective agai ...
... β-Lactams can easily penetrate Gram (+) bacteria, but the outer cell membrane of Gram (-) bacteria prevents diffusion of the drug. βLactams can be modified to make use of import porins in the cell membrane. β-Lactams also have difficulty penetrating human cell membranes, making them ineffective agai ...
carbon-11-labeled acetate
... ABSTRACT Although positron-emission tomography (PET) with labeled fatty acid delineates infarct size and permits qualitative assessment of fatty acid utilization, quantification of oxidative metabolism is limited by complex alterations in the pattern of utilization of fatty acid during ischemia and ...
... ABSTRACT Although positron-emission tomography (PET) with labeled fatty acid delineates infarct size and permits qualitative assessment of fatty acid utilization, quantification of oxidative metabolism is limited by complex alterations in the pattern of utilization of fatty acid during ischemia and ...
The Utilization of Magnesium by Certain Gram
... Laboratory collection. These were maintained on peptone (British Drug Houses Ltd.) agar (Oxoid Ltd.) slopes, and were transferred at about monthly intervals. Before being used in the Mg2+uptake experiments the organisms were subcultured at least twice in the chemically defined medium with adequate m ...
... Laboratory collection. These were maintained on peptone (British Drug Houses Ltd.) agar (Oxoid Ltd.) slopes, and were transferred at about monthly intervals. Before being used in the Mg2+uptake experiments the organisms were subcultured at least twice in the chemically defined medium with adequate m ...
22. pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
... The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA is a key irreversible step in the metabolism of animals becaause the animals cannot convert acetyl-CoA into glucose. The carbon atoms of glucose has two fates : (a) oxidation of CO2 via the citric acid cycle and (b) incorporation into lipid. Therefore, it s ...
... The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA is a key irreversible step in the metabolism of animals becaause the animals cannot convert acetyl-CoA into glucose. The carbon atoms of glucose has two fates : (a) oxidation of CO2 via the citric acid cycle and (b) incorporation into lipid. Therefore, it s ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)