here - VCU
... leading end, while the 3' carbon atom always faces the tail end (see figure). ATGC: ● adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine ● Each gene's code combines the four chemicals in various ways to spell out 3-letter "words" that specify which amino acid is needed at every step in making a protein. ● In DNA, ...
... leading end, while the 3' carbon atom always faces the tail end (see figure). ATGC: ● adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine ● Each gene's code combines the four chemicals in various ways to spell out 3-letter "words" that specify which amino acid is needed at every step in making a protein. ● In DNA, ...
Chapter 3
... • Secondary structure forms because regions of the polypeptide that are nonpolar are forced together; hydrogen bonds can form between different parts of the chain. • The folded structure may resemble coils, helices, ...
... • Secondary structure forms because regions of the polypeptide that are nonpolar are forced together; hydrogen bonds can form between different parts of the chain. • The folded structure may resemble coils, helices, ...
Biochemistry Notes 2012
... and physical properties) • Compounds –substances composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined. (molecules) ...
... and physical properties) • Compounds –substances composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined. (molecules) ...
Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life Modern Biology Textbook Holt
... protein’s shape and function. There are 20 different types identified by their R group. • Dipeptides: Two amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form a dipeptide. • Polypeptides: A long chain of amino acids is called a polypeptide. ...
... protein’s shape and function. There are 20 different types identified by their R group. • Dipeptides: Two amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form a dipeptide. • Polypeptides: A long chain of amino acids is called a polypeptide. ...
Carbon Compounds
... with other atoms to make large, complex molecules Most complex macromolecules are POLYMERS which are made up of smaller units called MONOMERS ...
... with other atoms to make large, complex molecules Most complex macromolecules are POLYMERS which are made up of smaller units called MONOMERS ...
Amino acid metabolism
... and can return to muscle where is glycolytically degraded back to pyruvate. N metabolism in kidney glutamine converted to glutamate + NH4+ by glutaminase and NH4+ is secreted in urine along with an anion. during acidosis glutamine is shunted from liver to kidney to conserve bicarbonate in the ...
... and can return to muscle where is glycolytically degraded back to pyruvate. N metabolism in kidney glutamine converted to glutamate + NH4+ by glutaminase and NH4+ is secreted in urine along with an anion. during acidosis glutamine is shunted from liver to kidney to conserve bicarbonate in the ...
Amino acids
... Cells make a huge number of large molecules from a limited set of small molecules There are four classes of molecules important to organisms: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The four classes of biological molecules contain very large molecules. They are often called macromolecule ...
... Cells make a huge number of large molecules from a limited set of small molecules There are four classes of molecules important to organisms: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The four classes of biological molecules contain very large molecules. They are often called macromolecule ...
(1) Give brief definitions or unique descriptions of the following terms:
... (d) – The transcription initiation complex in which the DNA strands of the bacterial promoter (-10 - +4) are single stranded. (e) – The complete or active enzyme including all subunits. (f) – The ribonucleotide triplet of tRNA that is complementary to the mRNA codon. (g) – An unsaturated fatty acid ...
... (d) – The transcription initiation complex in which the DNA strands of the bacterial promoter (-10 - +4) are single stranded. (e) – The complete or active enzyme including all subunits. (f) – The ribonucleotide triplet of tRNA that is complementary to the mRNA codon. (g) – An unsaturated fatty acid ...
problem set #4 - U of L Class Index
... (d) – The transcription initiation complex in which the DNA strands of the bacterial promoter (-10 - +4) are single stranded. (e) – The complete or active enzyme including all subunits. (f) – The ribonucleotide triplet of tRNA that is complementary to the mRNA codon. (g) – An unsaturated fatty acid ...
... (d) – The transcription initiation complex in which the DNA strands of the bacterial promoter (-10 - +4) are single stranded. (e) – The complete or active enzyme including all subunits. (f) – The ribonucleotide triplet of tRNA that is complementary to the mRNA codon. (g) – An unsaturated fatty acid ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... • Interconversion of nucleotides (mono, di, tri phosphates) • Reduction to form deoxynucleotides • Methylation to form dTMP ...
... • Interconversion of nucleotides (mono, di, tri phosphates) • Reduction to form deoxynucleotides • Methylation to form dTMP ...
FINAL EXAM - 09 December 2005
... a mutant form of a bacteria that can synthesize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a mutant form of a bacteria that can metabolize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a bacteria that can metabolize sugars ...
... a mutant form of a bacteria that can synthesize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a mutant form of a bacteria that can metabolize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a bacteria that can metabolize sugars ...
DNA - BiologyProvidence
... protein, takes place in the cytoplasm The mRNA interacts with a specialized organelle in the rough ER called a ribosome, which “reads” the sequence of mRNA bases Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, codes for one particular amino acid (the building blocks of proteins). tRNA assembles the pr ...
... protein, takes place in the cytoplasm The mRNA interacts with a specialized organelle in the rough ER called a ribosome, which “reads” the sequence of mRNA bases Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, codes for one particular amino acid (the building blocks of proteins). tRNA assembles the pr ...
LS1a Fall 09
... One consequence of this resonance is that peptide bonds are highly polar, with oxygen and nitrogen carrying significant partially negative and positive charges, respectively. This results in an oxygen that is more partially negative than it normally would be and the amide hydrogen being more partial ...
... One consequence of this resonance is that peptide bonds are highly polar, with oxygen and nitrogen carrying significant partially negative and positive charges, respectively. This results in an oxygen that is more partially negative than it normally would be and the amide hydrogen being more partial ...
Johnson, H. N. Purification of
... inal volume of Buffer A. This solution is made pH 4.0 by the addition of I M citric acid and allwed to stand in the cold for 8 hn. The precipitate is centrifuged out and the supernatant is dialyzed against dirtilled water for 6 hn. The dialyzed rupernatant from centrifugation is ...
... inal volume of Buffer A. This solution is made pH 4.0 by the addition of I M citric acid and allwed to stand in the cold for 8 hn. The precipitate is centrifuged out and the supernatant is dialyzed against dirtilled water for 6 hn. The dialyzed rupernatant from centrifugation is ...
Electron Transport Chain
... 21. How does each half of the sister chromatid pair compare to each other? They are exact copies of one chromosome 22. Where does the spindle attach to the sister chromatids? What is the other purpose of this structure? Centromere; holds the sister chromatids together 23. Describe cytokinesis in a p ...
... 21. How does each half of the sister chromatid pair compare to each other? They are exact copies of one chromosome 22. Where does the spindle attach to the sister chromatids? What is the other purpose of this structure? Centromere; holds the sister chromatids together 23. Describe cytokinesis in a p ...
Traffic Lights Biological Cpds
... cross linking between chains (by hydrogen bonds), forming microfibrils (being laid down in different directions). In chitin second carbon –OH groups are replaced by amino groups. 16. The elements which make up lipid molecules are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen plus phosphorus as phosphate in phospholip ...
... cross linking between chains (by hydrogen bonds), forming microfibrils (being laid down in different directions). In chitin second carbon –OH groups are replaced by amino groups. 16. The elements which make up lipid molecules are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen plus phosphorus as phosphate in phospholip ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.