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Biology Content Standards
... Concept: Chemical elements form organic molecules that interact to perform the basic functions of life. 1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements. The six most common are C, H, #, O, P, S. 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of ...
... Concept: Chemical elements form organic molecules that interact to perform the basic functions of life. 1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements. The six most common are C, H, #, O, P, S. 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of ...
Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon 8/25/2011 1
... • Signal proteins: Such as hormones that coordinate body activity ...
... • Signal proteins: Such as hormones that coordinate body activity ...
Biomolecules
... atoms attached to the carbon skeleton • Functional groups maintain chemical properties no matter where they occur • Polar molecules are hydrophilic • Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic • The degree to which organic molecules interact with water affects their function • Hydroxyl group (-OH) is one of ...
... atoms attached to the carbon skeleton • Functional groups maintain chemical properties no matter where they occur • Polar molecules are hydrophilic • Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic • The degree to which organic molecules interact with water affects their function • Hydroxyl group (-OH) is one of ...
Note Pages for Monday 12/3 and Tuesday 12/4
... you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs of energy. A series of chem ...
... you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs of energy. A series of chem ...
Week 3
... Carbon as the backbone, long strings of carbon-carbon bonds make up the structure of the four major categories of “Large biological molecules”: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids (fats). Carbohydrates: simple sugars and polymers of simple sugars. Polymers made via hydration reaction, ...
... Carbon as the backbone, long strings of carbon-carbon bonds make up the structure of the four major categories of “Large biological molecules”: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids (fats). Carbohydrates: simple sugars and polymers of simple sugars. Polymers made via hydration reaction, ...
BIO SOL Review 10 - Macromolecules - Enzymes
... a. actively interferes with other substrates around it b. destroys its specific enzyme c. can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme d. has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment 7. (2005-40) Most cellular activities are processes regulated by the action of — a. polysaccharides b. ...
... a. actively interferes with other substrates around it b. destroys its specific enzyme c. can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme d. has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment 7. (2005-40) Most cellular activities are processes regulated by the action of — a. polysaccharides b. ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... 15. In glycolysis there are two reactions that require one ATP each and two reactions that produce one ATP each. What are these four reactions? This being the case, how can fermentation of glucose to lactate lead to the net production of two ATP molecules per glucose? ...
... 15. In glycolysis there are two reactions that require one ATP each and two reactions that produce one ATP each. What are these four reactions? This being the case, how can fermentation of glucose to lactate lead to the net production of two ATP molecules per glucose? ...
d) a and b
... 7. Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon of an amino acid? a) an R group c) a hydrogen atom b) an amine group d) a carboxylic acid group e) all of these are attached to the central carbon of an amino acid 8. Which of the following is found in membranes and also serves as an en ...
... 7. Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon of an amino acid? a) an R group c) a hydrogen atom b) an amine group d) a carboxylic acid group e) all of these are attached to the central carbon of an amino acid 8. Which of the following is found in membranes and also serves as an en ...
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle)
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
Chap 3 - CRCBiologyY11
... • Monosaccharide's combine in different ways to form polysaccharides. • A sugar that contains one or two monosaccharide’s are sometimes called simple sugars, while those with three or more are referred to as complex carbohydrates. • Cellulose and glycogen are two types of polysaccharides that differ ...
... • Monosaccharide's combine in different ways to form polysaccharides. • A sugar that contains one or two monosaccharide’s are sometimes called simple sugars, while those with three or more are referred to as complex carbohydrates. • Cellulose and glycogen are two types of polysaccharides that differ ...
Biochemistry Review
... 2. What type of compound does not contain carbon atoms? Inorganic 3. What are the reasons carbon is unique among elements? Covalent Bonding; Form Wide Variety of Simple and Complex Organic Compounds 4. What type of structures can carbon atoms form? Ring, Straight and Branched Chains, Single, Double, ...
... 2. What type of compound does not contain carbon atoms? Inorganic 3. What are the reasons carbon is unique among elements? Covalent Bonding; Form Wide Variety of Simple and Complex Organic Compounds 4. What type of structures can carbon atoms form? Ring, Straight and Branched Chains, Single, Double, ...
Word - LangdonBiology.org
... together. What type of bonds must be present in lithium chloride? What functional group is found on sugars that make them dissolve in water? Many ionic attractions disassociate (break apart) in water, like lithium chloride. Covalent molecules do not break apart, as in the sugar. However, if there ar ...
... together. What type of bonds must be present in lithium chloride? What functional group is found on sugars that make them dissolve in water? Many ionic attractions disassociate (break apart) in water, like lithium chloride. Covalent molecules do not break apart, as in the sugar. However, if there ar ...
Microbial Metabolism (Part 2) I. Objectives II. What does a
... IV. Step 2: What to do next with energy extracted from glucose A. ...
... IV. Step 2: What to do next with energy extracted from glucose A. ...
Chapter 4 - Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry
... of atoms of a particular arrangement that gives the entire molecule certain characteristics. Functional groups are named according to the composition of the group. ...
... of atoms of a particular arrangement that gives the entire molecule certain characteristics. Functional groups are named according to the composition of the group. ...
SHOW Biochemistry- atoms, acids,macro
... • Composed of nucleotides • Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate • Nucleic acids include: DNA, RNA, ATP, and NAD ...
... • Composed of nucleotides • Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate • Nucleic acids include: DNA, RNA, ATP, and NAD ...
Modern Biology (I) First Midterm (10/24/2007)
... melt at a lower temperature b. contain more calories per molecule c. show significantly greater water solubility d. have one more fatty acid attached to each glycerol 11. The major carbohydrate energy storage molecule in animals is _____. a. starch b. glycogen c. cellulose d. glucose 12. The backbon ...
... melt at a lower temperature b. contain more calories per molecule c. show significantly greater water solubility d. have one more fatty acid attached to each glycerol 11. The major carbohydrate energy storage molecule in animals is _____. a. starch b. glycogen c. cellulose d. glucose 12. The backbon ...
2-2 Properties of Water
... molecules formed by joining small molecules together to make large compounds. B. Monomers – small units that can join together with other small units to form polymers C. Polymers – large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers D. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things ar ...
... molecules formed by joining small molecules together to make large compounds. B. Monomers – small units that can join together with other small units to form polymers C. Polymers – large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers D. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things ar ...
Characterisation of glycogenic and ketogenic metabolic pathways
... WP 1: Characterisation of glycogenic and ketogenic metabolic pathways following diets of industrial refined proteins Background: The use of whey protein as a source of amino acids and its effect on reducing risks of diseases such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes [6,7] is the focus of ongoing re ...
... WP 1: Characterisation of glycogenic and ketogenic metabolic pathways following diets of industrial refined proteins Background: The use of whey protein as a source of amino acids and its effect on reducing risks of diseases such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes [6,7] is the focus of ongoing re ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.