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How Did Life Begin? And What is Life?
... • Proteins (polymers of amino acids) • Polysaccharides (polymers of sugars) ...
... • Proteins (polymers of amino acids) • Polysaccharides (polymers of sugars) ...
3 page summary can be downloaded here
... Organic Chemistry – the element carbon provides the chemical backbone of all living things. Carbon has the ability to loose or gain 4 electrons making it neither a strong electron donor or electron acceptor. This ability to share electrons allows carbon to share electrons with many elements. Over 2 ...
... Organic Chemistry – the element carbon provides the chemical backbone of all living things. Carbon has the ability to loose or gain 4 electrons making it neither a strong electron donor or electron acceptor. This ability to share electrons allows carbon to share electrons with many elements. Over 2 ...
Lecture 1d Plant Diversity, Basic Chemistry
... loving). • A Nonpolar substance then lacks any charges and will not be able to interact with water. Nonpolar molecules are said to be Hydrophobic (water hating). ...
... loving). • A Nonpolar substance then lacks any charges and will not be able to interact with water. Nonpolar molecules are said to be Hydrophobic (water hating). ...
Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules
... ex: fats and oils • Proteins—organic molecule that is structural and speeds up chemical reactions; ex: enzymes and hemaglobin ...
... ex: fats and oils • Proteins—organic molecule that is structural and speeds up chemical reactions; ex: enzymes and hemaglobin ...
CHEM 214 Elementary Biochemistry
... There are no make-up quizzes or exams. An hourly exam missed for a valid reason (first discussed with the instructor) will be replaced by the corresponding grade on the final (Final is then 65% of your total grade). The learning objectives for Chem 214 are the following: To gain an understanding of ...
... There are no make-up quizzes or exams. An hourly exam missed for a valid reason (first discussed with the instructor) will be replaced by the corresponding grade on the final (Final is then 65% of your total grade). The learning objectives for Chem 214 are the following: To gain an understanding of ...
Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism
... aerobic respiration has two stages. What are they called? Kreb’s cycle and Electron transport chain Where do they occur? In the mitochondria What are the three end products of this process? Water, carbon dioxide, and energy Are any ATP’s formed in aerobic respiration? Yes If so, how many? Total of 3 ...
... aerobic respiration has two stages. What are they called? Kreb’s cycle and Electron transport chain Where do they occur? In the mitochondria What are the three end products of this process? Water, carbon dioxide, and energy Are any ATP’s formed in aerobic respiration? Yes If so, how many? Total of 3 ...
9/19/14 Notes on Macromolecules (powerpoint)
... acids strung like pearls on a necklace. • The amino acids are connected by peptide bonds. ...
... acids strung like pearls on a necklace. • The amino acids are connected by peptide bonds. ...
Key: Biomolecule Study Guide 1) In animals, excess carbohydrates
... They must fit the molecules that they interact with (Lock and Key) 10) What does it mean to say an enzyme is “denatured”? It has changed its 3-D shape 11) What are 2 ways to denature an enzyme? Change the temperature or pH ...
... They must fit the molecules that they interact with (Lock and Key) 10) What does it mean to say an enzyme is “denatured”? It has changed its 3-D shape 11) What are 2 ways to denature an enzyme? Change the temperature or pH ...
Molecules of Life Online Organizer
... Enzymes are / are not changed in a chemical reaction. Circle the correct answer ...
... Enzymes are / are not changed in a chemical reaction. Circle the correct answer ...
Lecture 14: Alternative Pathways in Cell respiration
... cycle can be converted to stored carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Pathway for synthesis of RNA, DNA ...
... cycle can be converted to stored carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Pathway for synthesis of RNA, DNA ...
Macromolecules
... – Unsaturated – contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains • fruits ...
... – Unsaturated – contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains • fruits ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Definition = “All chemical reactions that take place within an organism.” ...
... Definition = “All chemical reactions that take place within an organism.” ...
Biochemistry Test w/Answers
... The experimenter uses 5ml, 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml of enzyme with each of the four food types. In addition, the experimenter places the 5ml and 10ml containers in the freezer. Which of the following statements BEST describes this experimental design? (9C) A. His experimental design will be easily suppo ...
... The experimenter uses 5ml, 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml of enzyme with each of the four food types. In addition, the experimenter places the 5ml and 10ml containers in the freezer. Which of the following statements BEST describes this experimental design? (9C) A. His experimental design will be easily suppo ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... 12. Lemurs’ bodies are adapted to efficiently store energy for times when food is scarce. This adaptation may help to explain how lemur ancestors survived the trip across the Mozambique Channel from mainland Africa to Madagascar. Which of the following types of molecules are primarily used for long ...
... 12. Lemurs’ bodies are adapted to efficiently store energy for times when food is scarce. This adaptation may help to explain how lemur ancestors survived the trip across the Mozambique Channel from mainland Africa to Madagascar. Which of the following types of molecules are primarily used for long ...
Anabolism
... Autotrophic fixation of CO2 Autotrophs obtain energy by trapping light during photosynthesis or by oxidizing or reduced inorganic electron donors ...
... Autotrophic fixation of CO2 Autotrophs obtain energy by trapping light during photosynthesis or by oxidizing or reduced inorganic electron donors ...
Substrate Metabolism – Rest vs Stress
... - rest = basal metabolic rate + minimal exercise - major stress = 50% burn - aim = to preserve plasma glucose levels for brain metabolism. REST - least expensive form of energy production utilized: carbohydrate -> fat -> protein in decreasing ratios. Carbohydrate Sources ...
... - rest = basal metabolic rate + minimal exercise - major stress = 50% burn - aim = to preserve plasma glucose levels for brain metabolism. REST - least expensive form of energy production utilized: carbohydrate -> fat -> protein in decreasing ratios. Carbohydrate Sources ...
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK
... enzymes; relate structure to function of proteins; and explain enzyme catalysis and regulation; and apply thermodynamic and kinetic theories to enzyme reactions 3. Describe the physical and chemical properties of lipids, their synthesis and function in membranes and metabolism 4. Describe the centra ...
... enzymes; relate structure to function of proteins; and explain enzyme catalysis and regulation; and apply thermodynamic and kinetic theories to enzyme reactions 3. Describe the physical and chemical properties of lipids, their synthesis and function in membranes and metabolism 4. Describe the centra ...
Macromolecules Worksheet
... Organic - compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms Inorganic - compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen There are four classes of organic compounds that are central to life on earth. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates (Sugars and Starches ...
... Organic - compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms Inorganic - compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen There are four classes of organic compounds that are central to life on earth. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates (Sugars and Starches ...
Macromolecules Worksheet - High School Science Help
... Organic - compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms Inorganic - compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen There are four classes of organic compounds that are central to life on earth. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids ...
... Organic - compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms Inorganic - compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen There are four classes of organic compounds that are central to life on earth. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-2
... carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Several other factors are needed in very small amounts and are parts of enzymes and cofactors. To obtain energy and construct new cellular components, organisms must have a supply of raw materials or nutrients. Nutrients are substances used in biosy ...
... carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Several other factors are needed in very small amounts and are parts of enzymes and cofactors. To obtain energy and construct new cellular components, organisms must have a supply of raw materials or nutrients. Nutrients are substances used in biosy ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... (b) Summarize the steps involved in fatty acid synthesis. 24. (a) Illustrate sub cellular fractionation of cell organelles using differential centrifugation. OR (b) Employ a technique to image the glucose uptake by tissues in the body. 25. (a) Explain the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance in t ...
... (b) Summarize the steps involved in fatty acid synthesis. 24. (a) Illustrate sub cellular fractionation of cell organelles using differential centrifugation. OR (b) Employ a technique to image the glucose uptake by tissues in the body. 25. (a) Explain the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance in t ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.