Lactic Acid and Energy from Fats and Proteins
... Process where lactic acid is converted to pyruvate Lactate is transported (by blood) to the liver and converted back to glucose It is then converted into glycogen so that it can be used for energy ...
... Process where lactic acid is converted to pyruvate Lactate is transported (by blood) to the liver and converted back to glucose It is then converted into glycogen so that it can be used for energy ...
contractile vacuoles
... • Nucleic acid- very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus – Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life – Two kinds of nucleic acid • DNA • RNA ...
... • Nucleic acid- very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus – Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life – Two kinds of nucleic acid • DNA • RNA ...
Biochemistry
... • Two major factors contribute to uniqueness – Each amino acid has distinct properties • R groups – Sequence of amino acids bound together • Varying combinations lead to distinct proteins • Changes in types or positions of amino acids • Sequence also affects levels of protein structure ...
... • Two major factors contribute to uniqueness – Each amino acid has distinct properties • R groups – Sequence of amino acids bound together • Varying combinations lead to distinct proteins • Changes in types or positions of amino acids • Sequence also affects levels of protein structure ...
How Life Began Notes: These are notes Mr. Ward took while
... Carbon is very important. It can easily bond with almost any element, including other carbon atoms. Compounds with carbon in them are called “Organic Compounds” or “Organic Molecules”. Carbon molecules are extremely diverse: There are over 10 MILLION known Organic Compounds. Water is also important ...
... Carbon is very important. It can easily bond with almost any element, including other carbon atoms. Compounds with carbon in them are called “Organic Compounds” or “Organic Molecules”. Carbon molecules are extremely diverse: There are over 10 MILLION known Organic Compounds. Water is also important ...
1) Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic
... B) There would be no difference in results. C) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. D) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. E) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon ...
... B) There would be no difference in results. C) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. D) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. E) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon ...
Microbial metabolism
... Ways cells make ATP • Substrate level phosphorylation – used by all organisms; for fermenters, this is the only option • Oxidative phosphorylation – aerobic and anaerobic respiration • Photophosphorylation – photosynthesizers only ...
... Ways cells make ATP • Substrate level phosphorylation – used by all organisms; for fermenters, this is the only option • Oxidative phosphorylation – aerobic and anaerobic respiration • Photophosphorylation – photosynthesizers only ...
Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Life
... ◦ Classified according to size Monosaccharides—simple sugars ex: glucose C6H12O6 Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis ex: maltose C12H22O11 Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars ex: starch and glycogen ...
... ◦ Classified according to size Monosaccharides—simple sugars ex: glucose C6H12O6 Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis ex: maltose C12H22O11 Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars ex: starch and glycogen ...
Mitochondrion Pyruvate Oxidation & Kreb`s Cycle
... decarboxylation reaction and is catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase. Pyruvate becomes oxidized into acetate and NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+ (redox reaction) A sulfur-containing compound (coenzyme-A) is attached to the acetate, forming acetyl-coA. ...
... decarboxylation reaction and is catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase. Pyruvate becomes oxidized into acetate and NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+ (redox reaction) A sulfur-containing compound (coenzyme-A) is attached to the acetate, forming acetyl-coA. ...
Cell energy
... • The process plants use to trap the sun’s energy and build carbohydrates, called glucose, that store energy. • Occurs in 2 phases 1. Light-dependent reactions 2. Light-independent reactions • 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 ...
... • The process plants use to trap the sun’s energy and build carbohydrates, called glucose, that store energy. • Occurs in 2 phases 1. Light-dependent reactions 2. Light-independent reactions • 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 ...
File
... action it performs and adding the suffix -"ase" g. Have an optimum temperature and pH beyond which they will be denatured h. Increasing the concentration of an enzyme speeds up its action. ...
... action it performs and adding the suffix -"ase" g. Have an optimum temperature and pH beyond which they will be denatured h. Increasing the concentration of an enzyme speeds up its action. ...
protein - Humble ISD
... C. Antibodies: defense against infectious disease D. Hemoglobin: carry and release oxygen to body cells ...
... C. Antibodies: defense against infectious disease D. Hemoglobin: carry and release oxygen to body cells ...
nucleic acid - 4J Blog Server
... • The major function of fats is energy storage • Fat is a compact way for animals to carry their energy stores with them ...
... • The major function of fats is energy storage • Fat is a compact way for animals to carry their energy stores with them ...
Biology 155 Practice Exam 1
... c. a change in the primary structure does not change the tertiary structure d. secondary structure is the result of interactions between neighboring amino acids 29. Which is NOT important in determining the conformation (shape) of a protein? a. the pH of the medium b. hydrophobic and hydrophilic int ...
... c. a change in the primary structure does not change the tertiary structure d. secondary structure is the result of interactions between neighboring amino acids 29. Which is NOT important in determining the conformation (shape) of a protein? a. the pH of the medium b. hydrophobic and hydrophilic int ...
SP12+ P12 (1+2) Urease: determination of inhibitor
... Passed exams from the first year of the Program. ...
... Passed exams from the first year of the Program. ...
SP12+ P12 (1+2) Urease: determination of inhibitor
... Passed exams from the first year of the Program. requirements and entry competences required for the course 1. Describe and explain the basic chemical bonds between the compounds and analyze and calculate the basic physicochemical principles that apply to gases and solutions 2. Describe and explain ...
... Passed exams from the first year of the Program. requirements and entry competences required for the course 1. Describe and explain the basic chemical bonds between the compounds and analyze and calculate the basic physicochemical principles that apply to gases and solutions 2. Describe and explain ...
Review Problems #2 (Enzyme Review, Phosphatases
... We will definitely not get through all of these, but it is useful to have them in one place. 1) Outline the chemical intermediates in the degradation of the following amino acids: Asn, Asp. What cofactor(s) play a role in this process? What other end product may be formed from Asp. What cycle does t ...
... We will definitely not get through all of these, but it is useful to have them in one place. 1) Outline the chemical intermediates in the degradation of the following amino acids: Asn, Asp. What cofactor(s) play a role in this process? What other end product may be formed from Asp. What cycle does t ...
Ch. 9 – Cellular Respiration Why does the energy stored in different
... intermembrane space are now sitting on some potential energy. Once they reach the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrial membrane they will be allowed to travel passively down their gradient. This energy will spin the enzymes structure and perform the process of chemiosmosis (ADP + P ATP) produc ...
... intermembrane space are now sitting on some potential energy. Once they reach the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrial membrane they will be allowed to travel passively down their gradient. This energy will spin the enzymes structure and perform the process of chemiosmosis (ADP + P ATP) produc ...
Lecture #7
... Organic compounds participating in metabolism are called metabolites. Two types of metabolic reactions: anabolic and catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions are those that link simple molecules together to make complex ones. These are energy-storing reactions (endergonic). Catabolic reaction ...
... Organic compounds participating in metabolism are called metabolites. Two types of metabolic reactions: anabolic and catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions are those that link simple molecules together to make complex ones. These are energy-storing reactions (endergonic). Catabolic reaction ...
Review Questions
... c. The citric acid cycle would be inhibited, but glycolysis would not. Lactic acid accumulates. d. The citric acid cycle and glycolysis would be stimulated. _____20. Which statement given below best characterizes the properties of a photosystem? a. Photosystems do not contain proteins. b. A photosys ...
... c. The citric acid cycle would be inhibited, but glycolysis would not. Lactic acid accumulates. d. The citric acid cycle and glycolysis would be stimulated. _____20. Which statement given below best characterizes the properties of a photosystem? a. Photosystems do not contain proteins. b. A photosys ...
topic 2 powerpoint
... • Biochemistry is a branch of organic chemistry dealing with living organisms. • All living organisms are made of molecules that can be classified into one of four types. • Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins or nucleic acids ...
... • Biochemistry is a branch of organic chemistry dealing with living organisms. • All living organisms are made of molecules that can be classified into one of four types. • Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins or nucleic acids ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.