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Transcript
Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life You Must Know • The cellular functions of lipids. • How the sequence and subcomponents of lipids determine their properties. • The basic structure of a nucleic acid. • How changes in organic molecules would affect their function. Concept 3.4: Lipids are a diverse group of molecules • What do these molecules have in common? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Fats Ester linkage Hydroxyl OH HO OH HO OH HO Glycerol Fatty Acid carboxyl triglyceride • Fatty acids vary in length (number of carbons) and in the number and locations of double bonds © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no carbon carbon double bonds. (a) Saturated fat Structural formula of a saturated fat molecule Space-filling model of stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more carbon carbon double bonds. (b) Unsaturated fat Structural formula of an unsaturated fat molecule Space-filling model of oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid Double bond causes bending. • The major function of fats is energy storage • Fat is a compact way for animals to carry their energy stores with them © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Hydrophobic tails Hydrophilic head Figure 3.14ab Choline Phosphate Glycerol Fatty acids Phospholipids (a) Structural formula (b) Space-filling model Figure 3.14cd Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails (c) Phospholipid symbol (d) Phospholipid bilayer Steroids Concept 3.6: Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information • The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a gene • Genes are made of DNA, a nucleic acid made of monomers called nucleotides • There are two types of nucleic acids – Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – Ribonucleic acid (RNA) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.26a 5 end Sugar-phosphate backbone (on blue background) 5C 3C Nucleoside Nitrogenous base 5C Phosphate group 3C (b) Nucleotide 3 end (a) Polynucleotide, or nucleic acid Sugar (pentose)