MS Word File
... Chain has a repetitive backbone with variable side groups R groups frequently interact with others Four Levels of Protein Structure ...
... Chain has a repetitive backbone with variable side groups R groups frequently interact with others Four Levels of Protein Structure ...
Chapter 15 Review Questions
... 11. DNA is used in paternity testing, DNA fingerprinting (crime scenes), and ...
... 11. DNA is used in paternity testing, DNA fingerprinting (crime scenes), and ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... Serine is deaminated by serine dehydratase to form pyruvate + NH4+ in a reaction which doesn't involve the transaminase but does use pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a reactive group. Similarly, threonine can be dehydrated and deaminated to yield pyruvate. Glycine can be converted to serine for degradat ...
... Serine is deaminated by serine dehydratase to form pyruvate + NH4+ in a reaction which doesn't involve the transaminase but does use pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a reactive group. Similarly, threonine can be dehydrated and deaminated to yield pyruvate. Glycine can be converted to serine for degradat ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... energy hill. • What happens to the energy of the electrons as it falls down the electron transport chain? • The energy is used to pump H+ against their gradient which then come back through ATP synthase to generate ATP ...
... energy hill. • What happens to the energy of the electrons as it falls down the electron transport chain? • The energy is used to pump H+ against their gradient which then come back through ATP synthase to generate ATP ...
3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
... (Fe), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) or potassium (K) in small amounts. ...
... (Fe), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) or potassium (K) in small amounts. ...
2. Structure and bonding of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
... of covalent bonds). The conformation of proteins is also subject to intricate folding processes connected to different types of bonds such as hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds. The primary structure of proteins, though, determines their ability to form a secondary and tertiary structure, which is r ...
... of covalent bonds). The conformation of proteins is also subject to intricate folding processes connected to different types of bonds such as hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds. The primary structure of proteins, though, determines their ability to form a secondary and tertiary structure, which is r ...
File - Craftsbury Science
... 1. I can explain how carbon’s unique atomic structure enables it to create various, distinct chemical bonds. 2. I can model how polymerization is the chemical reaction of adding monomers to a larger polymer. 3. I can understand and interpret the form and function of polysaccharides. 4. I can interpr ...
... 1. I can explain how carbon’s unique atomic structure enables it to create various, distinct chemical bonds. 2. I can model how polymerization is the chemical reaction of adding monomers to a larger polymer. 3. I can understand and interpret the form and function of polysaccharides. 4. I can interpr ...
Chapter 4 Physiology of Cells
... – Channels are specific—allow only one type of solute to pass through • Gated channels may be open or closed (or inactive)—may be triggered by any of a variety of stimuli • Channels allow membranes to be selectively permeable • Carriers attract and bind to the solute, change shape, and release the s ...
... – Channels are specific—allow only one type of solute to pass through • Gated channels may be open or closed (or inactive)—may be triggered by any of a variety of stimuli • Channels allow membranes to be selectively permeable • Carriers attract and bind to the solute, change shape, and release the s ...
Sample exam 1
... 6. The pyrrole rings of heme each contain nitrogen atoms. What molecule provides that nitrogen during the synthesis of heme in liver cells? a. Carbamoyl phosphate. b. Cobalamin. c. Glycine. d. Succinyl CoA. e. Valine. 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bila ...
... 6. The pyrrole rings of heme each contain nitrogen atoms. What molecule provides that nitrogen during the synthesis of heme in liver cells? a. Carbamoyl phosphate. b. Cobalamin. c. Glycine. d. Succinyl CoA. e. Valine. 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bila ...
PSI Large Biological Molecules Homework Questions
... Class Work 33. What is another name for a simple carbohydrate? 34. Name two common simple sugars. 35. What is a polysaccharide? 36. How can cells obtain energy from a polysaccharide? 37. Where can you find cellulose? Homework 38. What is a carbohydrate? 39. What characteristic of sugars makes them s ...
... Class Work 33. What is another name for a simple carbohydrate? 34. Name two common simple sugars. 35. What is a polysaccharide? 36. How can cells obtain energy from a polysaccharide? 37. Where can you find cellulose? Homework 38. What is a carbohydrate? 39. What characteristic of sugars makes them s ...
Protein Digestion and Absorption
... amino group, and an additional side group that is unique to each amino acid. The side group creates unique characteristics for each amino acid so they differ in shape, size, composition, electrical charge, and pH. (See slide 5) Individual AAs are then joined by peptide bonds in specific sequences to ...
... amino group, and an additional side group that is unique to each amino acid. The side group creates unique characteristics for each amino acid so they differ in shape, size, composition, electrical charge, and pH. (See slide 5) Individual AAs are then joined by peptide bonds in specific sequences to ...
Bio 201, Fall 2010 Test 3 Study Guide Questions to be able to
... 27. What do enzymes do to allow biological reactions to proceed? 28. How do enzymes speed up reactions? 29. How do we regulate enzyme activity? 30. Describe the structure of ATP. 31. Why is ATP so energy rich? 32. How do cells use ATP to drive endergonic reactions? 33. How do we make energy-rich ATP ...
... 27. What do enzymes do to allow biological reactions to proceed? 28. How do enzymes speed up reactions? 29. How do we regulate enzyme activity? 30. Describe the structure of ATP. 31. Why is ATP so energy rich? 32. How do cells use ATP to drive endergonic reactions? 33. How do we make energy-rich ATP ...
Chapter 4 The Importance of High
... for each peptide bond) possible thermodynamically? -Biosynthesis is almost always coupled with energy consumption (소모) of negative ΔG (e.g., hydrolysis of ATP) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P~P + P (ΔG = -7kcal/mole) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P + P~P (ΔG = -8kcal/mole) adenosine- ...
... for each peptide bond) possible thermodynamically? -Biosynthesis is almost always coupled with energy consumption (소모) of negative ΔG (e.g., hydrolysis of ATP) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P~P + P (ΔG = -7kcal/mole) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P + P~P (ΔG = -8kcal/mole) adenosine- ...
Assignment 6 Cell Respiration
... transfer this energy into the molecule called Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP). The processes involved are Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) (also called the electron transport system or shuttle (ETS)). Glycolysis occurs as a series of enzymatically driven steps (10) w ...
... transfer this energy into the molecule called Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP). The processes involved are Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) (also called the electron transport system or shuttle (ETS)). Glycolysis occurs as a series of enzymatically driven steps (10) w ...
Chapter 4 The Importance of High
... for each peptide bond) possible thermodynamically? -Biosynthesis is almost always coupled with energy consumption (소모) of negative ΔG (e.g., hydrolysis of ATP) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P~P + P (ΔG = -7kcal/mole) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P + P~P (ΔG = -8kcal/mole) adenosine- ...
... for each peptide bond) possible thermodynamically? -Biosynthesis is almost always coupled with energy consumption (소모) of negative ΔG (e.g., hydrolysis of ATP) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P~P + P (ΔG = -7kcal/mole) adenosine-O-P~P~P + H2O Æ adenosine-O-P + P~P (ΔG = -8kcal/mole) adenosine- ...
Energy For Movement - Illinois Wesleyan University
... be converted to glucose-6phosphate before it can be used for energy. For glucose this process takes 1 ATP. Glycolysis ultimately produces pyruvic acid which is then converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. Gycolysis requires 12 enzymatic reactions to form lactic acid which occur within ...
... be converted to glucose-6phosphate before it can be used for energy. For glucose this process takes 1 ATP. Glycolysis ultimately produces pyruvic acid which is then converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. Gycolysis requires 12 enzymatic reactions to form lactic acid which occur within ...
Document
... Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. The electron carriers produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle bring high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain. Oxygen is th ...
... Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. The electron carriers produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle bring high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain. Oxygen is th ...
Bioenergetics
... o “energy is neither created nor destroyed, just transferred from one form to another” Energy stored in food, transferred to body & stored o when need energy for mechanical work we extract it from carbs, fat, or protein Enzymes Catalysts regulate speed of reaction o lower the “energy of activation” ...
... o “energy is neither created nor destroyed, just transferred from one form to another” Energy stored in food, transferred to body & stored o when need energy for mechanical work we extract it from carbs, fat, or protein Enzymes Catalysts regulate speed of reaction o lower the “energy of activation” ...
Life - CBSE PORTAL
... Q2. Describe the chemical origin of life. Ans2. (i) Formation of Early Molecules : Earth was originally a hot, gaseous mass which cooled down slowly and decreased in volume. During cooling, heavier metals like Nickel and Iron passed towards center; Aluminium, Silicon in the middle and remaining form ...
... Q2. Describe the chemical origin of life. Ans2. (i) Formation of Early Molecules : Earth was originally a hot, gaseous mass which cooled down slowly and decreased in volume. During cooling, heavier metals like Nickel and Iron passed towards center; Aluminium, Silicon in the middle and remaining form ...
EOC in class Study Guide
... ____ 37. When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell. b. stop moving across the membrane. c. move across the membrane in both directions. d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell. ...
... ____ 37. When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell. b. stop moving across the membrane. c. move across the membrane in both directions. d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell. ...
CH 5 CQ
... c) Cellulose has beta-glycosidic linkages; starch-digesting enzymes cleave only alpha-glycosidic linkages. d) Cellulose has beta-galactoside linkages that only bacterial beta-galactosidases can cleave. e) Cellulose fibers are covalently cross-linked; starch-digesting enzymes cannot cleave these cros ...
... c) Cellulose has beta-glycosidic linkages; starch-digesting enzymes cleave only alpha-glycosidic linkages. d) Cellulose has beta-galactoside linkages that only bacterial beta-galactosidases can cleave. e) Cellulose fibers are covalently cross-linked; starch-digesting enzymes cannot cleave these cros ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.