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Functional Regulation of MyD88-Activated Interferon Regulatory
... transcription of type I IFN genes in certain cell types, while its role in the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is more general (5, 7, 23). Several distinctly spliced human IRF-5 (HuIRF-5) isoforms (designated variants 1 to 10), which show cell-type-specific expression and distinct ...
... transcription of type I IFN genes in certain cell types, while its role in the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is more general (5, 7, 23). Several distinctly spliced human IRF-5 (HuIRF-5) isoforms (designated variants 1 to 10), which show cell-type-specific expression and distinct ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... lgl, and dlg embryos, as indicated by cuticle deposition, are also nearly identical (Fig. 2, K and L) (6, 10). Thus, lgl and dlg, like scrib, act to properly localize apical proteins and adherens junctions to organize epithelial architecture in embryos. The similarity of mutant phenotypes in differe ...
... lgl, and dlg embryos, as indicated by cuticle deposition, are also nearly identical (Fig. 2, K and L) (6, 10). Thus, lgl and dlg, like scrib, act to properly localize apical proteins and adherens junctions to organize epithelial architecture in embryos. The similarity of mutant phenotypes in differe ...
Spatial organization of the epithelium and the role of neural crest
... Thus one of the principal outcomes of development during the initiation period is the acquisition by dental mesenchyme of a degree of determination which is manifested in its ability to instruct competent epithelia to participate in enamel organ morphogenesis. The patterning processes involved in in ...
... Thus one of the principal outcomes of development during the initiation period is the acquisition by dental mesenchyme of a degree of determination which is manifested in its ability to instruct competent epithelia to participate in enamel organ morphogenesis. The patterning processes involved in in ...
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES AS ANTIGENS AND COMPETITORS IN
... several other anti-CW3 CTI, clones could lyse (HLA-) P815 cells incubated with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 171-186 or 171-182 of HLACW3 (14-16) . In the present study, we show that antigens recognized by Kd -restricted CTL specific for HLA-A24 can also be mimicked by synthetic pepti ...
... several other anti-CW3 CTI, clones could lyse (HLA-) P815 cells incubated with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 171-186 or 171-182 of HLACW3 (14-16) . In the present study, we show that antigens recognized by Kd -restricted CTL specific for HLA-A24 can also be mimicked by synthetic pepti ...
multiple novel factors regulate the initiation of dna
... V. DUE-B is phosphorylated by CK2 ....................................................................................................158 rDUE-BHeLa and rDUE-BSf9 are differentially phosphorylated ..........................................................158 CK2 phosphorylates DUE-B in vitro........ ...
... V. DUE-B is phosphorylated by CK2 ....................................................................................................158 rDUE-BHeLa and rDUE-BSf9 are differentially phosphorylated ..........................................................158 CK2 phosphorylates DUE-B in vitro........ ...
Interaction of Antiparallel Microtubules in the
... likely bundled by MAP65-3 in the phragmoplast, and such a bundling phenomenon is critical for cell plate formation. In contrast to MAP65, Kinesin-12 motors seem to play a role in keeping MT plus ends anchored at the division site, because, in their absence, MTs cross over the phragmoplast midline an ...
... likely bundled by MAP65-3 in the phragmoplast, and such a bundling phenomenon is critical for cell plate formation. In contrast to MAP65, Kinesin-12 motors seem to play a role in keeping MT plus ends anchored at the division site, because, in their absence, MTs cross over the phragmoplast midline an ...
a va i l a b l e a t... w w w. e l s e v i e...
... Introduction The Delta ligand is a type-I single pass transmembrane protein that is essential for dictating cell fate decisions during development in a number of organ systems in metazoans [1,2]. Analyses of Drosophila neurogenesis established early on that Delta acts predominantly as a ligand for N ...
... Introduction The Delta ligand is a type-I single pass transmembrane protein that is essential for dictating cell fate decisions during development in a number of organ systems in metazoans [1,2]. Analyses of Drosophila neurogenesis established early on that Delta acts predominantly as a ligand for N ...
Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit Controlled by the
... expanded in immunocompromised mice without any exposure to in vitro culture. Aberrant expression of TAL1 in both primagrafts and the CCRF-CEM cell line is due to an 90-kb SIL-TAL deletion. The activity of the TAL1 antibody used was validated by ChIP followed by western blot analysis with a differen ...
... expanded in immunocompromised mice without any exposure to in vitro culture. Aberrant expression of TAL1 in both primagrafts and the CCRF-CEM cell line is due to an 90-kb SIL-TAL deletion. The activity of the TAL1 antibody used was validated by ChIP followed by western blot analysis with a differen ...
Candida Freyschussii: an Oleaginous Yeast Producing Lipids
... were obtained from the Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG (University of Perugia, Italy, 2012), or from our own collection. The strains were aerobically cultured at 30 °C in YPD broth and maintained at 4 °C in slants of YPD agar (BD Difco, Sparks, MD, USA). Lipid production was evaluated in GMY that ...
... were obtained from the Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG (University of Perugia, Italy, 2012), or from our own collection. The strains were aerobically cultured at 30 °C in YPD broth and maintained at 4 °C in slants of YPD agar (BD Difco, Sparks, MD, USA). Lipid production was evaluated in GMY that ...
Mucosal IL-10 and TGF-β play crucial roles in preventing LPS
... analysis of isolated epithelial cells. This finding fits well with the concept of an immunoregulatory role of the intestinal epithelium via the production of a variety of cytokines or chemokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IL-8, and TGF-β; refs. 16–19). Our findings are in line with those of Autschbac ...
... analysis of isolated epithelial cells. This finding fits well with the concept of an immunoregulatory role of the intestinal epithelium via the production of a variety of cytokines or chemokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IL-8, and TGF-β; refs. 16–19). Our findings are in line with those of Autschbac ...
Comparative microanatomy and ultrastructure of the excretory
... This comparative study comprises detailed anatomical and ultrastructural investigations of the excretory organs of opisthobranch gastropods by means of serial sectioning analyses, reconstruction techniques, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Representatives of major taxa, the Cephalaspidea, ...
... This comparative study comprises detailed anatomical and ultrastructural investigations of the excretory organs of opisthobranch gastropods by means of serial sectioning analyses, reconstruction techniques, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Representatives of major taxa, the Cephalaspidea, ...
Biology For Dummies, 2nd Edition - The Official Site
... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the pr ...
... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the pr ...
The Pathogen-Actin Connection: A Platform for Defense Signaling in
... Access provided by Michigan State University Library on 07/06/16. For personal use only. ...
... Access provided by Michigan State University Library on 07/06/16. For personal use only. ...
Logistics of water and salt transport through the plant
... Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKPCEPlant, Cell and Environment0016-8025Blackwell Science Ltd 2002 ...
... Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKPCEPlant, Cell and Environment0016-8025Blackwell Science Ltd 2002 ...
Structural Sterols Are Involved in Both the Initiation and Tip Growth
... glucosides in higher plants (Benveniste, 2005). Free sterols carrying a free 3-b-hydroxyl group, such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 24-methylcholesterol, are critical for the functioning of membranes (Hartmann, 2004). Cholesterol is a minor component in plants, and it is present only in certain t ...
... glucosides in higher plants (Benveniste, 2005). Free sterols carrying a free 3-b-hydroxyl group, such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 24-methylcholesterol, are critical for the functioning of membranes (Hartmann, 2004). Cholesterol is a minor component in plants, and it is present only in certain t ...
Pollen cytoskeleton during germination and tube growth
... are the protein systems that promote the movement of organelles and vesicles. Treatment of pollen tubes with cytochalasins induced several alterations in the tube structure and in the distribution of organelles48 and the organization of actin filaments was well correlated with the pattern of organel ...
... are the protein systems that promote the movement of organelles and vesicles. Treatment of pollen tubes with cytochalasins induced several alterations in the tube structure and in the distribution of organelles48 and the organization of actin filaments was well correlated with the pattern of organel ...
Pretreatment Increases Cytokine-induced NO Production
... Materials—William’s medium E, penicillin, streptomycin, L-glutamate, and Hepes were purchased from Invitrogen (Gaithersburg, MD). Insulin was obtained from Lilly Inc. (Indianapolis, IN) and calf serum was purchased from Hyclone Laboratories (Logan, UT). Monoclonal iNOS antibody was obtained from Tra ...
... Materials—William’s medium E, penicillin, streptomycin, L-glutamate, and Hepes were purchased from Invitrogen (Gaithersburg, MD). Insulin was obtained from Lilly Inc. (Indianapolis, IN) and calf serum was purchased from Hyclone Laboratories (Logan, UT). Monoclonal iNOS antibody was obtained from Tra ...
Original Article Intracellular zinc distribution in mitochondria, ER and
... ER Tracker Red, indicating that free zinc were located within the lumen of the ER (Figure 3). These results were consistent with our previous study [22] in which we showed that zinc was released from thapsigargin-sensitive and IP3R-mediated stores of the ER. Zinc in Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparat ...
... ER Tracker Red, indicating that free zinc were located within the lumen of the ER (Figure 3). These results were consistent with our previous study [22] in which we showed that zinc was released from thapsigargin-sensitive and IP3R-mediated stores of the ER. Zinc in Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparat ...
DEFINING THE ROLE OF THE SHP2 PROTEIN TYROSINE
... express mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 1 and mMCP-2. Connective tissue mast cells stain positively with safranin as a result of heparin being contained within their granules, while they express mMCP-3, mMCP-4, mMCP-5 and mMCP-67,8. Stem Cell Factor (SCF) is the ligand for the Kit receptor and is th ...
... express mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 1 and mMCP-2. Connective tissue mast cells stain positively with safranin as a result of heparin being contained within their granules, while they express mMCP-3, mMCP-4, mMCP-5 and mMCP-67,8. Stem Cell Factor (SCF) is the ligand for the Kit receptor and is th ...
Effect of ABA signalling in primary cell wall Minor Thesis Report
... of XyG metabolism turnover and biochemical changes in wall extensibility are still remain unclear but the metabolic enzymatic activity that controlled loosening XyG-cellulose network has been suggested to play part in cell wall elongation. Studies of XyG in Arabidopsis plants describe that, XyG synt ...
... of XyG metabolism turnover and biochemical changes in wall extensibility are still remain unclear but the metabolic enzymatic activity that controlled loosening XyG-cellulose network has been suggested to play part in cell wall elongation. Studies of XyG in Arabidopsis plants describe that, XyG synt ...
Lecture 06, case study - Taxol - Cal State LA
... The National Cancer Institute has long searched for natural products with anti-cancer potential Extracts of plants, animals, and microbes are screened against a panel of cultured tumor cells - extracts showing novel patterns of activity are then investigated, often by university researchers ...
... The National Cancer Institute has long searched for natural products with anti-cancer potential Extracts of plants, animals, and microbes are screened against a panel of cultured tumor cells - extracts showing novel patterns of activity are then investigated, often by university researchers ...
Simultaneous growth on citrate reduces the effects of iron
... Many different substrates, e.g., organic acids and sugars, are present at low concentrations in the rhizosphere [19]. Plant species and growth conditions determine the composition of root exudates, which, among many other compounds, can contain organic acids such as acetate and lactate [9] and amino ...
... Many different substrates, e.g., organic acids and sugars, are present at low concentrations in the rhizosphere [19]. Plant species and growth conditions determine the composition of root exudates, which, among many other compounds, can contain organic acids such as acetate and lactate [9] and amino ...
The pharyngeal pouches and clefts: Development, evolution
... 2.1. The first pharyngeal pouch and cleft derivatives In all jawed vertebrates the first arch forms the jaw, while the second arch forms the hyoid apparatus. These two arches are separated by the first pharyngeal pouch and cleft. During amniote embryogenesis, the pharyngeal arches grow differentially i ...
... 2.1. The first pharyngeal pouch and cleft derivatives In all jawed vertebrates the first arch forms the jaw, while the second arch forms the hyoid apparatus. These two arches are separated by the first pharyngeal pouch and cleft. During amniote embryogenesis, the pharyngeal arches grow differentially i ...
The pharyngeal pouches and clefts
... 2.1. The first pharyngeal pouch and cleft derivatives In all jawed vertebrates the first arch forms the jaw, while the second arch forms the hyoid apparatus. These two arches are separated by the first pharyngeal pouch and cleft. During amniote embryogenesis, the pharyngeal arches grow differentially i ...
... 2.1. The first pharyngeal pouch and cleft derivatives In all jawed vertebrates the first arch forms the jaw, while the second arch forms the hyoid apparatus. These two arches are separated by the first pharyngeal pouch and cleft. During amniote embryogenesis, the pharyngeal arches grow differentially i ...
Article Title Authors Author affiliation Correspondence information
... encouraged to use the Version of Record that, when published, will replace this version. The most a potential autophagy regulation pathway up-to-date version isMAPK/JNK ...
... encouraged to use the Version of Record that, when published, will replace this version. The most a potential autophagy regulation pathway up-to-date version isMAPK/JNK ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.