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... activation of signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have long unbranched chains of repetitive disaccharide units that can be sulfated at specific positions by heparan sulfate O-sulfotransferase (OST) families. Here, we show that two members of the 3-OST family are required in dis ...
... activation of signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have long unbranched chains of repetitive disaccharide units that can be sulfated at specific positions by heparan sulfate O-sulfotransferase (OST) families. Here, we show that two members of the 3-OST family are required in dis ...
the extracellular electrical current pattern and its variability in
... by Dr T . Schupbach, Princeton, NJ) were determined at different stages of oogenesis by more than 2000 current density measurements using a vibrating probe (based on the method of Jaffe & Nuccitelli, 1974; improved by Dorn & Weisenseel, 1982). Most of the analysed follicles were cultured in Robb's m ...
... by Dr T . Schupbach, Princeton, NJ) were determined at different stages of oogenesis by more than 2000 current density measurements using a vibrating probe (based on the method of Jaffe & Nuccitelli, 1974; improved by Dorn & Weisenseel, 1982). Most of the analysed follicles were cultured in Robb's m ...
PLEKHM1/DEF8/RAB7 complex regulates lysosome positioning and
... Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are capable of resorbing calcified cartilage and bone matrix during skeletal development, homeostasis, and repair (1). Increased osteoclast number or activity leads to bone loss in metabolic bone diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis (2). Conversely, ...
... Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are capable of resorbing calcified cartilage and bone matrix during skeletal development, homeostasis, and repair (1). Increased osteoclast number or activity leads to bone loss in metabolic bone diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis (2). Conversely, ...
Axis-inducing activities and cell fates of the zebrafish organizer.
... transplantation. Shield removal is accomplished by aspiration from a 6 hpf embryo previously labeled with a lineage tracer dye. (A) The donor embryo is positioned with the shield facing the pipette. (B) The shield is removed from the embryo by gentle trituration. (C) Prior to transplantation, an equ ...
... transplantation. Shield removal is accomplished by aspiration from a 6 hpf embryo previously labeled with a lineage tracer dye. (A) The donor embryo is positioned with the shield facing the pipette. (B) The shield is removed from the embryo by gentle trituration. (C) Prior to transplantation, an equ ...
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... epithelial wound edges. This was carried out by wounding the ventral epidermis of DC-stage embryos with a needle and then fixing embryos 45 minutes later. This revealed that E-cadherin levels were low at the wound edge, except at the junctions between neighbouring wound-edge cells, where E-cadherin ...
... epithelial wound edges. This was carried out by wounding the ventral epidermis of DC-stage embryos with a needle and then fixing embryos 45 minutes later. This revealed that E-cadherin levels were low at the wound edge, except at the junctions between neighbouring wound-edge cells, where E-cadherin ...
J., Schornack, S., Spallek, T., Geldner, N., Chory
... changes underlying accommodation of filamentous pathogen haustoria are yet poorly understood. In addition, most of the modern research on haustorial cell biology has focused so far on fungi, and plant pathogenic oomycetes have been neglected despite their diversity and economic importance (Thines an ...
... changes underlying accommodation of filamentous pathogen haustoria are yet poorly understood. In addition, most of the modern research on haustorial cell biology has focused so far on fungi, and plant pathogenic oomycetes have been neglected despite their diversity and economic importance (Thines an ...
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... Fig. 2. Tbx1 is required in the nkx2.5-positive mesoderm for pouch development. (A-E) Fluorescent in situ hybridization for tbx1 (green) and GFP immunohistochemistry to detect her5:GFP-positive endoderm (red) at 34 hpf. In all 58 wild-type siblings, tbx1 expression was observed in her5:GFP-positive ...
... Fig. 2. Tbx1 is required in the nkx2.5-positive mesoderm for pouch development. (A-E) Fluorescent in situ hybridization for tbx1 (green) and GFP immunohistochemistry to detect her5:GFP-positive endoderm (red) at 34 hpf. In all 58 wild-type siblings, tbx1 expression was observed in her5:GFP-positive ...
Transfection Methods Overview - Bio-Rad
... Cells should be grown in appropriate medium with all necessary factors ...
... Cells should be grown in appropriate medium with all necessary factors ...
The consequences of Rad51 overexpression for normal and tumor
... expression using promoters specific for the eye or wing imaginal discs results in cell death due to apoptosis, based on TUNEL assays. When the apoptotic pathway was inhibited by expressing a protein that interferes with caspases, the cell death phenotype from Rad51 overexpression was reduced. The abi ...
... expression using promoters specific for the eye or wing imaginal discs results in cell death due to apoptosis, based on TUNEL assays. When the apoptotic pathway was inhibited by expressing a protein that interferes with caspases, the cell death phenotype from Rad51 overexpression was reduced. The abi ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants Auxins are a class of
... photosynthetic product sucrose, which is transported from the photosynthetic source tissues to sink tissues (growing parts at the shoot and the root apices) where it is required for starch formation and storage during fruit and seed development. Phytohormones, transcription factors and mRNA molecule ...
... photosynthetic product sucrose, which is transported from the photosynthetic source tissues to sink tissues (growing parts at the shoot and the root apices) where it is required for starch formation and storage during fruit and seed development. Phytohormones, transcription factors and mRNA molecule ...
Regulation of leg size and shape by the Dachsous
... rdRNAi against Gb’armadillo (Gb’arm), the canonical Wnt pathway should be involved in the initiation of the regeneration (Nakamura et al., 2007). To identify other genes involved in leg regeneration, we chose candidates that have been implicated in Drosophila appendage PD patterning, and examined th ...
... rdRNAi against Gb’armadillo (Gb’arm), the canonical Wnt pathway should be involved in the initiation of the regeneration (Nakamura et al., 2007). To identify other genes involved in leg regeneration, we chose candidates that have been implicated in Drosophila appendage PD patterning, and examined th ...
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... rdRNAi against Gb’armadillo (Gb’arm), the canonical Wnt pathway should be involved in the initiation of the regeneration (Nakamura et al., 2007). To identify other genes involved in leg regeneration, we chose candidates that have been implicated in Drosophila appendage PD patterning, and examined th ...
... rdRNAi against Gb’armadillo (Gb’arm), the canonical Wnt pathway should be involved in the initiation of the regeneration (Nakamura et al., 2007). To identify other genes involved in leg regeneration, we chose candidates that have been implicated in Drosophila appendage PD patterning, and examined th ...
Chapter 06 (Urinalyisis
... test results from the presence of white blood cells either as whole cells or as lysed cells. • Pyuria can be detected even if the urine sample contains damaged or lysed WBC's. • A negative leukocyte esterase test means that an infection is unlikely and that, without additional evidence of urinary tr ...
... test results from the presence of white blood cells either as whole cells or as lysed cells. • Pyuria can be detected even if the urine sample contains damaged or lysed WBC's. • A negative leukocyte esterase test means that an infection is unlikely and that, without additional evidence of urinary tr ...
The regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor
... biological functions, it is important to understand the regulation of LIF expression. LIF expression levels can be induced at the mRNA levels under the inflammatory stress, in uterine tissues at the embryonic implantation stage. LIF is also frequently overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein level ...
... biological functions, it is important to understand the regulation of LIF expression. LIF expression levels can be induced at the mRNA levels under the inflammatory stress, in uterine tissues at the embryonic implantation stage. LIF is also frequently overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein level ...
Reactive oxygen species are linked to the toxicity of the
... ABSTRACT: Short-term experiments were conducted to examine the response of the ciliate Tiarina fusus and the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii to 3 strains in the Alexandrium tamarense species complex, each with a different paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) content. Both protist species ...
... ABSTRACT: Short-term experiments were conducted to examine the response of the ciliate Tiarina fusus and the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii to 3 strains in the Alexandrium tamarense species complex, each with a different paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) content. Both protist species ...
ANTAGONISM OF Bacillus spp. TOWARDS Microcystis aeruginosa Philosophiae Doctor
... proliferate in these eutrophic waters. The impact of HABs on aquatic ecosystems and water resources, as well as their human health implications are well documented. Countermeasures have been proposed and implemented to manage HABs with varying levels of success. These control measures include the us ...
... proliferate in these eutrophic waters. The impact of HABs on aquatic ecosystems and water resources, as well as their human health implications are well documented. Countermeasures have been proposed and implemented to manage HABs with varying levels of success. These control measures include the us ...
Physiological assembly and activity of human
... products between whole cell extracts from similar cells are more reliable than cross-comparison across different cell extracts or comparison of crude extract with partially purified enzyme fractions (Keith et al., 2007). In contrast with extracts from cancer cells, extracts from most normal human so ...
... products between whole cell extracts from similar cells are more reliable than cross-comparison across different cell extracts or comparison of crude extract with partially purified enzyme fractions (Keith et al., 2007). In contrast with extracts from cancer cells, extracts from most normal human so ...
Ciz1 cooperates with cyclin-A–CDK2 to activate mammalian DNA
... DNA replication machinery. The initiation process can be reconstituted in vitro using nuclei isolated from G1-phase mammalian cells as a template, combined with extracts from Sphase cells (Krude et al., 1997; Stoeber et al., 1998). Furthermore, by using G1-phase extract supplemented with recombinant ...
... DNA replication machinery. The initiation process can be reconstituted in vitro using nuclei isolated from G1-phase mammalian cells as a template, combined with extracts from Sphase cells (Krude et al., 1997; Stoeber et al., 1998). Furthermore, by using G1-phase extract supplemented with recombinant ...
Auxin and self-organization at the shoot apical
... animals lies in the regulation of their organogenetic capacity over time. Unlike most animals, in which organogenesis occurs during embryonic development, plants can form new organs throughout their life cycle. Post-embryonic development occurs thanks to specialized tissues containing stem-cell nich ...
... animals lies in the regulation of their organogenetic capacity over time. Unlike most animals, in which organogenesis occurs during embryonic development, plants can form new organs throughout their life cycle. Post-embryonic development occurs thanks to specialized tissues containing stem-cell nich ...
Live cell imaging reveals actin-cytoskeleton
... Crosslinking of actin filaments into bundles is essential for the assembly and stabilization of specific cytoskeletal structures. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying actin bundle formation. The two LIMdomain-containing proteins define a novel and evolutionar ...
... Crosslinking of actin filaments into bundles is essential for the assembly and stabilization of specific cytoskeletal structures. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying actin bundle formation. The two LIMdomain-containing proteins define a novel and evolutionar ...
Phagocytosis by pig alveolar macrophages of
... was made on heated blood agar (prepared with 7 YO,w/v, horse blood), and liquid cultures were grown in Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB; Oxoid) supplemented with 2 pg NAD ml-' (Sigma) (TSB/NAD). E. coli strain RY22 was stored on Dorset Egg slopes. Routine culture was made on nutrient agar and liquid culture ...
... was made on heated blood agar (prepared with 7 YO,w/v, horse blood), and liquid cultures were grown in Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB; Oxoid) supplemented with 2 pg NAD ml-' (Sigma) (TSB/NAD). E. coli strain RY22 was stored on Dorset Egg slopes. Routine culture was made on nutrient agar and liquid culture ...
DC-derived exosomes bear molecules involved in
... B10 mice were depleted of erythrocytes by hypotonic lysis. Erythroid cells, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and granulocytes were removed by incubation with mAbs (TER-119, CD3 , B220, NK-1.1, Gr1, and IAb; BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA) followed by rabbit complement (Cedarlane , Hornby, Ontario, Canada ...
... B10 mice were depleted of erythrocytes by hypotonic lysis. Erythroid cells, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and granulocytes were removed by incubation with mAbs (TER-119, CD3 , B220, NK-1.1, Gr1, and IAb; BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA) followed by rabbit complement (Cedarlane , Hornby, Ontario, Canada ...
Functional ultrastructure of the plant nucleolus
... In eukaryotic cells, the ribosome biosynthesis is a complex process which may be controlled at many levels. Transcription initiation seems to be the key stage that determines success of the whole process, hence it is the best characterized step in RNA polymerase I transcription at least in animals ( ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the ribosome biosynthesis is a complex process which may be controlled at many levels. Transcription initiation seems to be the key stage that determines success of the whole process, hence it is the best characterized step in RNA polymerase I transcription at least in animals ( ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.