DC-derived exosomes bear molecules involved in
... B10 mice were depleted of erythrocytes by hypotonic lysis. Erythroid cells, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and granulocytes were removed by incubation with mAbs (TER-119, CD3 , B220, NK-1.1, Gr1, and IAb; BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA) followed by rabbit complement (Cedarlane , Hornby, Ontario, Canada ...
... B10 mice were depleted of erythrocytes by hypotonic lysis. Erythroid cells, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and granulocytes were removed by incubation with mAbs (TER-119, CD3 , B220, NK-1.1, Gr1, and IAb; BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA) followed by rabbit complement (Cedarlane , Hornby, Ontario, Canada ...
Carbon partitioning in sugarcane (Saccharum species)
... many plants, meristematic sinks are source-limited and storage sinks are sink-limited (Smith and Stitt, 2007). If true for sugarcane, the immature stalks would be constrained by the extent of available photosynthate, while the mature sugarcane stalks would be limited by their capacity to import sucr ...
... many plants, meristematic sinks are source-limited and storage sinks are sink-limited (Smith and Stitt, 2007). If true for sugarcane, the immature stalks would be constrained by the extent of available photosynthate, while the mature sugarcane stalks would be limited by their capacity to import sucr ...
Diversification of epithelial adherens junctions with independent
... The cadherins used in this study are listed in Table 1, and the defined domains and their names are shown in Fig. 1. In addition to the EC, NC, CE, LG, TM, and CP domains described in our previous studies (Oda and Tsukita 1999; Oda et al. 2002), we designate an N-terminal (NT) domain that BLAST analy ...
... The cadherins used in this study are listed in Table 1, and the defined domains and their names are shown in Fig. 1. In addition to the EC, NC, CE, LG, TM, and CP domains described in our previous studies (Oda and Tsukita 1999; Oda et al. 2002), we designate an N-terminal (NT) domain that BLAST analy ...
Shaping mitotic chromosomes: From classical concepts to molecular
... incubation of human cultured cells with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid results in H3S10 phosphorylation in the vast majority of cells, yet chromosomes condense only in a very small fraction of cells [39]. Finally, a Drosophila mutant of the Aurora B kinase-associated Borealin protein still s ...
... incubation of human cultured cells with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid results in H3S10 phosphorylation in the vast majority of cells, yet chromosomes condense only in a very small fraction of cells [39]. Finally, a Drosophila mutant of the Aurora B kinase-associated Borealin protein still s ...
Ch 4
... • Closely packed cells with little extracellular material – Many cell junctions often provide secure attachment. • Cells sit on basement membrane – Apical (upper) free surface – Basal surface against basement membrane • Avascular---without blood vessels – nutrients and wast must move by diffusion • ...
... • Closely packed cells with little extracellular material – Many cell junctions often provide secure attachment. • Cells sit on basement membrane – Apical (upper) free surface – Basal surface against basement membrane • Avascular---without blood vessels – nutrients and wast must move by diffusion • ...
BRAIN CCR2 Ly-6C monocytes are crucial for the
... For adoptive transfer experiments mice received 5 105 GFP+ BM cells from CX3CR1GFP/+mice i.v. and 24 h later CNS cells were isolated and prepared for FACS analysis. For cell depletion experiments, antibodies were injected three times every third day for high antibody concentration (250 mg) or dail ...
... For adoptive transfer experiments mice received 5 105 GFP+ BM cells from CX3CR1GFP/+mice i.v. and 24 h later CNS cells were isolated and prepared for FACS analysis. For cell depletion experiments, antibodies were injected three times every third day for high antibody concentration (250 mg) or dail ...
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici
... The plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis secretes host-selective toxins (HSTs) that function as pathogenicity factors. Unlike most HSTs that are products of enzymatic pathways, at least two toxins produced by P. tritici-repentis are proteins and, thus, products of single genes. Sensi ...
... The plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis secretes host-selective toxins (HSTs) that function as pathogenicity factors. Unlike most HSTs that are products of enzymatic pathways, at least two toxins produced by P. tritici-repentis are proteins and, thus, products of single genes. Sensi ...
Sialic Acid Binding Domains of CD22 Are Required For Negative
... Here we have demonstrated that deletion of a sialic acid binding domain or introduction of two point mutations, (R130A and R137E), diminishes the negative regulatory function of CD22. This means that the ectodomains of CD22 are required for full function. We favor the hypothesis that this loss of fu ...
... Here we have demonstrated that deletion of a sialic acid binding domain or introduction of two point mutations, (R130A and R137E), diminishes the negative regulatory function of CD22. This means that the ectodomains of CD22 are required for full function. We favor the hypothesis that this loss of fu ...
A novel genetic strategy reveals unexpected roles of the Swi
... The execution of transcriptional programs during development relies on precise temporaland spatial-specific regulation of gene expression, which in turn requires the modulation of chromatin structure of target genes. An important class of enzymes capable of manipulating chromatin structure is the “c ...
... The execution of transcriptional programs during development relies on precise temporaland spatial-specific regulation of gene expression, which in turn requires the modulation of chromatin structure of target genes. An important class of enzymes capable of manipulating chromatin structure is the “c ...
Biology - Fairfield Area School District
... Standards: 3.1.10 C, E; 3.2.10 B; 3.3.10 A, B; 4.6.10 A; 4.7.10 B; 4.8.10 A Unit Essential Question(s): 1. How are living things based on atoms, ions, and molecules? 2. What are the unique properties of water that allow life to exist? 3. How are the four groups of carbon based molecules used for lif ...
... Standards: 3.1.10 C, E; 3.2.10 B; 3.3.10 A, B; 4.6.10 A; 4.7.10 B; 4.8.10 A Unit Essential Question(s): 1. How are living things based on atoms, ions, and molecules? 2. What are the unique properties of water that allow life to exist? 3. How are the four groups of carbon based molecules used for lif ...
Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis Induced by Mitochondrial
... nur77 or nerve growth factor–induced clone B NGFI-B) (1–3) functions as a nuclear transcription factor in the regulation of target gene expression (4–7). TR3 was originally isolated as an immediate-early gene rapidly expressed in response to serum or phorbol ester stimulation of quiescent fibroblast ...
... nur77 or nerve growth factor–induced clone B NGFI-B) (1–3) functions as a nuclear transcription factor in the regulation of target gene expression (4–7). TR3 was originally isolated as an immediate-early gene rapidly expressed in response to serum or phorbol ester stimulation of quiescent fibroblast ...
Enzymes That Scavenge Reactive Oxygen
... the PSVs are hydrolyzed, however, the PSVs fuse to form one large central vacuole (Bethke et al., 1998; Swanson et al., 1998). Barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone cells die in response to GA only after this large central vacuole has been formed (Bethke et al., 1999). The metabolism of triglycerides al ...
... the PSVs are hydrolyzed, however, the PSVs fuse to form one large central vacuole (Bethke et al., 1998; Swanson et al., 1998). Barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone cells die in response to GA only after this large central vacuole has been formed (Bethke et al., 1999). The metabolism of triglycerides al ...
Bioreactor landfills: experimental and field results
... 19 to 38 mm. Finally, the bioreactor cell covers were placed on top of each cell, and the whole unit was sealed using construction type sealant. The protruding ends of the gas collection wells were connected to the gas measuring devices, consisting of flexible tubes inserted in inverted graduated cyl ...
... 19 to 38 mm. Finally, the bioreactor cell covers were placed on top of each cell, and the whole unit was sealed using construction type sealant. The protruding ends of the gas collection wells were connected to the gas measuring devices, consisting of flexible tubes inserted in inverted graduated cyl ...
Inhibition of Golgi function causes plastid starch accumulation
... 2606 | Hummel et al. not shown; see Saint-Jore et al., 2002; Langhans et al., 2007). In non-synchronized cultures, 3 h of BFA treatment were required to remove the Golgi apparatus completely. Further treatment led to continued growth of starch granules which were significantly larger after 3 h of i ...
... 2606 | Hummel et al. not shown; see Saint-Jore et al., 2002; Langhans et al., 2007). In non-synchronized cultures, 3 h of BFA treatment were required to remove the Golgi apparatus completely. Further treatment led to continued growth of starch granules which were significantly larger after 3 h of i ...
solvent selection for whole cell biotransformations in organic media
... aqueous phase is the more voluminous, are thermodynamically unstable arrangements, and upon standing will undergo phase separation. This means that such systems must be agitated to facilitate masstransfer. Alternatively the biocatalyst may be immobilised, allowing the aqueous phase to be greatly ...
... aqueous phase is the more voluminous, are thermodynamically unstable arrangements, and upon standing will undergo phase separation. This means that such systems must be agitated to facilitate masstransfer. Alternatively the biocatalyst may be immobilised, allowing the aqueous phase to be greatly ...
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Induces Wnt
... HGF Induces Nuclear Translocation of -Catenin in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures. To determine whether HGF had any effect on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway components as well as some of the known target genes, we used normal hepatocytes isolated from rat liver. These isolated primary hepatocytes w ...
... HGF Induces Nuclear Translocation of -Catenin in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures. To determine whether HGF had any effect on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway components as well as some of the known target genes, we used normal hepatocytes isolated from rat liver. These isolated primary hepatocytes w ...
DIFFERENCES IN ENZYME CONTENT OF AZUROPHIL AND
... rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) contain two types of granules which can be distinguished by differences in size and density and in their time and mode of origin during PMN maturation in the bone marrow. Azurophil granules are formed early in PMN development and are larger and denser than s ...
... rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) contain two types of granules which can be distinguished by differences in size and density and in their time and mode of origin during PMN maturation in the bone marrow. Azurophil granules are formed early in PMN development and are larger and denser than s ...
Homeomorphisms between homotopy manifolds and their resolutions
... topological manifold. This is demonstrated by Siebenmann in [10]. He omits the proof in the case where 0M :~0, but this is supplied by Glaser 1,4] in his recent work on homotopy manifolds. (It is unknown at present March, 1970 - whether every triangulated topological manifold is, in fact, a homotopy ...
... topological manifold. This is demonstrated by Siebenmann in [10]. He omits the proof in the case where 0M :~0, but this is supplied by Glaser 1,4] in his recent work on homotopy manifolds. (It is unknown at present March, 1970 - whether every triangulated topological manifold is, in fact, a homotopy ...
Acetylation of Polysaccharides in Plant Cell Wall
... RWA-CD (Paper IV). Both clades were shown to be involved in xylan acetylation in the wood. Both clades were therefore suppressed under control of xylem specific promoter pGT43B to improve wood saccharification potential. Transgenic plants had reduced wood acetyl content, normal growth, and increased ...
... RWA-CD (Paper IV). Both clades were shown to be involved in xylan acetylation in the wood. Both clades were therefore suppressed under control of xylem specific promoter pGT43B to improve wood saccharification potential. Transgenic plants had reduced wood acetyl content, normal growth, and increased ...
Differential Auxin-Transporting Activities of PIN
... lyze auxin efflux at the cellular level. On the other hand, PIN5 and PIN8 possess a very short putative central loop (hereafter called short-looped PINs). Although PIN5 was recently shown to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proposed to transport auxin metabolites into the ER lumen, ...
... lyze auxin efflux at the cellular level. On the other hand, PIN5 and PIN8 possess a very short putative central loop (hereafter called short-looped PINs). Although PIN5 was recently shown to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proposed to transport auxin metabolites into the ER lumen, ...
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Atria and Ventricles of the
... muscle has high levels of mitogenic activity (7). Interestingly, physiologically occurring components such as heparin-like substances and transforming growth factor/~ (TGF/3) can inhibit the action of bFGF on skeletal muscle (14), presenting a plausible model for regulation in vivo. Another striated ...
... muscle has high levels of mitogenic activity (7). Interestingly, physiologically occurring components such as heparin-like substances and transforming growth factor/~ (TGF/3) can inhibit the action of bFGF on skeletal muscle (14), presenting a plausible model for regulation in vivo. Another striated ...
A role for interleukin-1 in epidermal differentiation
... IL-1 RI or IL-1 RII, the number of these receptors on keratinocytes in vitro was found to vary depending on culture conditions. Total receptor number decreased initially as keratinocyte cultures became confluent and more differentiated (Kupper et al., 1988), although induction of terminal differenti ...
... IL-1 RI or IL-1 RII, the number of these receptors on keratinocytes in vitro was found to vary depending on culture conditions. Total receptor number decreased initially as keratinocyte cultures became confluent and more differentiated (Kupper et al., 1988), although induction of terminal differenti ...
CELL WALLS OF GROWING PLANT CELLS
... wider range of factors are involved including cell wall water content, cell wall free volume and the pectic polymers, especially RG-II. ...
... wider range of factors are involved including cell wall water content, cell wall free volume and the pectic polymers, especially RG-II. ...
Auxin Polar Transport 1s Essential for the
... whereas the mature embryo is a bilaterally symmetrical structure along the apical-basal axis and has two cotyledons. The attainment of bilateral symmetry from axial symmetry in plant embryogeny occurs at the time of the transition from the globular to the heart-shaped stage (Tykarska, 1979). The mec ...
... whereas the mature embryo is a bilaterally symmetrical structure along the apical-basal axis and has two cotyledons. The attainment of bilateral symmetry from axial symmetry in plant embryogeny occurs at the time of the transition from the globular to the heart-shaped stage (Tykarska, 1979). The mec ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.