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ICAM-1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... functions. Such functions include cell-ceU and cellmatrix interactions, cell motility, maintenance of cell polarity, and directed exocytosis and endocytosis. Most of the information regarding the transmembrane and cytoskeletal molecules that interact and support these functions originate from observ ...
... functions. Such functions include cell-ceU and cellmatrix interactions, cell motility, maintenance of cell polarity, and directed exocytosis and endocytosis. Most of the information regarding the transmembrane and cytoskeletal molecules that interact and support these functions originate from observ ...
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... in response to TGFβ1 ligand in RFP-Smad2 reporter cells with knockdown of each of the 321 candidates. Nearly all genes for which knockdown prevented Smad4 translocation also prevented Smad2 translocation, whereas those enhancing Smad4 translocation were varied in their effect on Smad2 (supplementary ...
... in response to TGFβ1 ligand in RFP-Smad2 reporter cells with knockdown of each of the 321 candidates. Nearly all genes for which knockdown prevented Smad4 translocation also prevented Smad2 translocation, whereas those enhancing Smad4 translocation were varied in their effect on Smad2 (supplementary ...
Target recognition at the tips of postsynaptic filopodia
... Precise partner recognition between axons and their target cells is essential for developing a functional nervous system (TessierLavigne and Goodman, 1996; Garrity and Zipursky, 1995; Benson et al., 2001). A traditional view is that presynaptic growth cones explore the target region by elaborating m ...
... Precise partner recognition between axons and their target cells is essential for developing a functional nervous system (TessierLavigne and Goodman, 1996; Garrity and Zipursky, 1995; Benson et al., 2001). A traditional view is that presynaptic growth cones explore the target region by elaborating m ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... lamellipodial and filopodial protrusion. These sheet-like and spike-like processes, respectively, represent two different components of protrusive activity of crawling cells. Thus, the rocketing motion may be significant not only for understanding an apparently novel system of intracellular transpor ...
... lamellipodial and filopodial protrusion. These sheet-like and spike-like processes, respectively, represent two different components of protrusive activity of crawling cells. Thus, the rocketing motion may be significant not only for understanding an apparently novel system of intracellular transpor ...
CYTOKINE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF BK VIRUS REPLICATION
... persistence in healthy individuals and reactivation in immunocompromised patients. ...
... persistence in healthy individuals and reactivation in immunocompromised patients. ...
Definition of a p53 transactivation function-deficient mutant
... colony formation assay performed with H1299 (Figure 1) and Saos-2 (data not shown) cell lines, which are both p537/7, M22/23 displays a phenotype which is intermediate between the inactive tumor-derived mutant, D281G, and p53 wild-type (p53 WT). This assay enables growth suppression in its most gene ...
... colony formation assay performed with H1299 (Figure 1) and Saos-2 (data not shown) cell lines, which are both p537/7, M22/23 displays a phenotype which is intermediate between the inactive tumor-derived mutant, D281G, and p53 wild-type (p53 WT). This assay enables growth suppression in its most gene ...
The Young Mouse Heart Is Composed of Myocytes Heterogeneous
... The documentation that senescent and nonsenescent myocytes are present in the young adult mouse heart raised the question whether structural heterogeneity is paralleled by a similar variability in mechanical performance. Comparable results at the physiological level would support the notion that the ...
... The documentation that senescent and nonsenescent myocytes are present in the young adult mouse heart raised the question whether structural heterogeneity is paralleled by a similar variability in mechanical performance. Comparable results at the physiological level would support the notion that the ...
Subcellular trafficking kinetics of GLUT4 mutated at the N
... human cytomegalovirus IE1 promoter and the bacterial neomycin resistance gene fused to the TV40 promoter. The wild-type and mutant GLUT4 cDNAs were transfected by the calcium phosphate method into CHO-K1 cell lines which were maintained in Ham’s F-12 medium containing 10 % (v}v) fetal calf serum. Th ...
... human cytomegalovirus IE1 promoter and the bacterial neomycin resistance gene fused to the TV40 promoter. The wild-type and mutant GLUT4 cDNAs were transfected by the calcium phosphate method into CHO-K1 cell lines which were maintained in Ham’s F-12 medium containing 10 % (v}v) fetal calf serum. Th ...
A Trafficking Pathway for Anthocyanins Overlaps
... Plants produce a very large number of specialized compounds that must be transported from their site of synthesis to the sites of storage or disposal. Anthocyanin accumulation has provided a powerful system to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the intracellular traffick ...
... Plants produce a very large number of specialized compounds that must be transported from their site of synthesis to the sites of storage or disposal. Anthocyanin accumulation has provided a powerful system to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the intracellular traffick ...
Location and Size of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Cell
... nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and retrorubral field (RrF) project to the striatum, cortex, and nucleus accumbens (Björklund and Lindvall, 1984). They modulate a variety of functions, such as movement, rewarding, cognition, and feeding (Zhou and Palmiter, 1995; Cooper et al., 2001). A dy ...
... nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and retrorubral field (RrF) project to the striatum, cortex, and nucleus accumbens (Björklund and Lindvall, 1984). They modulate a variety of functions, such as movement, rewarding, cognition, and feeding (Zhou and Palmiter, 1995; Cooper et al., 2001). A dy ...
Isolation and biological activity of extracellular slime associated with
... They separated the swarming phenomenon into three ...
... They separated the swarming phenomenon into three ...
Transforming growth factor–1 in supernatants from stored red blood
... at least a trend toward an increased incidence of infections in association with white blood cell–containing transfusions.10-14 Consistent with the possible increased risk of postoperative infections in transfusion patients, various studies suggest that transfusions can induce immunomodulatory effec ...
... at least a trend toward an increased incidence of infections in association with white blood cell–containing transfusions.10-14 Consistent with the possible increased risk of postoperative infections in transfusion patients, various studies suggest that transfusions can induce immunomodulatory effec ...
Multiple classes of yeast mutants are defective in vacuole
... vacuole proteins are directed to the vacuole through the secretory pathway. They are translocated into the ER and then transit to the Golgi apparatus, where they are sorted from secretory proteins and delivered to the vacuole (for review, Conibear and Stevens, 1995; Horazdovsky et al., 1995). 2) Pro ...
... vacuole proteins are directed to the vacuole through the secretory pathway. They are translocated into the ER and then transit to the Golgi apparatus, where they are sorted from secretory proteins and delivered to the vacuole (for review, Conibear and Stevens, 1995; Horazdovsky et al., 1995). 2) Pro ...
Re-establishing the avian body plan - Development
... quail embryos were used as donors and chick embryos as hosts. In 4 other cases, chick embryos were used as donors, and grafted cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye, as above. After operations were completed, cultures were placed into humidified chambers in incubators at 38°C for up to 36 hours. ...
... quail embryos were used as donors and chick embryos as hosts. In 4 other cases, chick embryos were used as donors, and grafted cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye, as above. After operations were completed, cultures were placed into humidified chambers in incubators at 38°C for up to 36 hours. ...
Amino Acids and Amines Stimulate Gastrin Release from Canine
... The major determinant of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion is the antral hormone gastrin. Decarboxylated amine derivatives of amino acids have been proposed as the final common mediators of gastrin secretion stimulated by a meal. We explored the cellular basis for this hypothesis using a recent ...
... The major determinant of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion is the antral hormone gastrin. Decarboxylated amine derivatives of amino acids have been proposed as the final common mediators of gastrin secretion stimulated by a meal. We explored the cellular basis for this hypothesis using a recent ...
FOXO1 Plays an Essential Role in Apoptosis of Retinal
... pericytes were preincubated with p38 or JNK inhibitors, TNFα-induced FOXO1 DNA-binding activity was substantially reduced, as determined by EMSA (Figure 4A). A similar result was obtained in response to AGE-induced FOXO1 activation. Specificity was demonstrated by competitive inhibition with excess ...
... pericytes were preincubated with p38 or JNK inhibitors, TNFα-induced FOXO1 DNA-binding activity was substantially reduced, as determined by EMSA (Figure 4A). A similar result was obtained in response to AGE-induced FOXO1 activation. Specificity was demonstrated by competitive inhibition with excess ...
Cell-Mediated Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in
... synthesis and accumulation of these chambers signify the differentiation of a crystal-forming cell early in its development (Arnott and Pautard, 1970; Frank and Jensen, 1970; Horner and Whitmoyer, 1972; Franceschi, 1984; Kausch and Horner, 1984). Because they function to compartmentalize developing ...
... synthesis and accumulation of these chambers signify the differentiation of a crystal-forming cell early in its development (Arnott and Pautard, 1970; Frank and Jensen, 1970; Horner and Whitmoyer, 1972; Franceschi, 1984; Kausch and Horner, 1984). Because they function to compartmentalize developing ...
237-747-1-SP - International Journal of Applied Research in
... The antiviral activity of C. colocynthis/SNPs and the corresponding AEs of different plant organs were tested by measuring the cytopathic effect (CPE). Briefly; Vero cells were plated in a 96-well plate (8 mm diameter; Falcon Plastics) at a density of 10,000 cells/well in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's ...
... The antiviral activity of C. colocynthis/SNPs and the corresponding AEs of different plant organs were tested by measuring the cytopathic effect (CPE). Briefly; Vero cells were plated in a 96-well plate (8 mm diameter; Falcon Plastics) at a density of 10,000 cells/well in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's ...
Through form to function: root hair development and nutrient uptake
... tip-focused [Ca21]cyt gradient reorients root hair growth towards The complex developmental processes outlined above lead to the the new gradient18. These observations are all consistent with a hair-like growth pattern of root hairs. This in turn increases the model whereby a localized increase in [ ...
... tip-focused [Ca21]cyt gradient reorients root hair growth towards The complex developmental processes outlined above lead to the the new gradient18. These observations are all consistent with a hair-like growth pattern of root hairs. This in turn increases the model whereby a localized increase in [ ...
The EMBO Journal (2002) 21, 1704–1712
... panel, lanes 5 and 6). Similarly, immunoprecipitation of Mdm2 led to the specific coimmunoprecipitation of HA-Tip60 (Figure 4C). Thus, Mdm2 and Tip60 are present within the same complex in cells. Since the above experiments relied on overexpressed proteins, we intended to demonstrate that endogenous ...
... panel, lanes 5 and 6). Similarly, immunoprecipitation of Mdm2 led to the specific coimmunoprecipitation of HA-Tip60 (Figure 4C). Thus, Mdm2 and Tip60 are present within the same complex in cells. Since the above experiments relied on overexpressed proteins, we intended to demonstrate that endogenous ...
Targets hidden by fibrin networks still need to find their place in the
... research, we underline the early place of fibrin in the pathogenic cascade as well as its involvement in the development of synovitis. In addition, we go through potentially targetable checkpoints and briefly discuss limitations to the development of fibrinbased therapies. Fibrin deposition and the ...
... research, we underline the early place of fibrin in the pathogenic cascade as well as its involvement in the development of synovitis. In addition, we go through potentially targetable checkpoints and briefly discuss limitations to the development of fibrinbased therapies. Fibrin deposition and the ...
Gene Section AURKB (aurora kinase B) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... In mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex, composed of Aurora B, Survivin, Borealin and INCENP, controls chromosome alignment, histone modification, and cytokinesis (Knauer et al., 2007). Presence of this complex at the right place at the right time is the key to precise control of its enzymatic ...
... In mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex, composed of Aurora B, Survivin, Borealin and INCENP, controls chromosome alignment, histone modification, and cytokinesis (Knauer et al., 2007). Presence of this complex at the right place at the right time is the key to precise control of its enzymatic ...
Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... substrate in vitro for the cdk9 complex (Grana et al., 1994; De Luca et al., 1997). Using the reported GSTpRb fusion proteins as substrates Figure 2b), we performed a kinase assay with immunoprecipitated cdk9 complexes from HeLa nuclear extracts Figure 5) (pre-immune rabbit serum used as a negative ...
... substrate in vitro for the cdk9 complex (Grana et al., 1994; De Luca et al., 1997). Using the reported GSTpRb fusion proteins as substrates Figure 2b), we performed a kinase assay with immunoprecipitated cdk9 complexes from HeLa nuclear extracts Figure 5) (pre-immune rabbit serum used as a negative ...
Lipopolysaccharide modulates neutrophil recruitment and
... activation and dyslipidemia resulting from the aberrant elevated postprandial chylomicron production in metabolic syndrome, as well as the dietary endotoxins, such as LPS associated with them (32, 37, 74). LPS, a critical cell wall component of most gram-negative bacteria, has been identified as the ...
... activation and dyslipidemia resulting from the aberrant elevated postprandial chylomicron production in metabolic syndrome, as well as the dietary endotoxins, such as LPS associated with them (32, 37, 74). LPS, a critical cell wall component of most gram-negative bacteria, has been identified as the ...
Cell regulation by the Apc protein Apc as master regulator of epithelia
... proliferative compartment. It also contributes to apoptosis, and can enhance or inhibit cell death depending on the cellular context (position, tissue type etc.). (b) In the absence of Apc, or when only mutated Apc is present, cells do not differentiate normally; they remain proliferative and retain ...
... proliferative compartment. It also contributes to apoptosis, and can enhance or inhibit cell death depending on the cellular context (position, tissue type etc.). (b) In the absence of Apc, or when only mutated Apc is present, cells do not differentiate normally; they remain proliferative and retain ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.