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Graded potential of neural crest to form cornea, sensory neurons
... and Ayer-Le Lievre, 1982). This suggested that the cranial neural crest has a broader (or at least different) developmental potential than that of trunk neural crest. However, under appropriate culture conditions, trunk neural crest cells have been shown to acquire some properties of chondrocytes (M ...
... and Ayer-Le Lievre, 1982). This suggested that the cranial neural crest has a broader (or at least different) developmental potential than that of trunk neural crest. However, under appropriate culture conditions, trunk neural crest cells have been shown to acquire some properties of chondrocytes (M ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... CCCP and DNP also markedly reduced Fe3+ uptake (Table 1). These results indicate that the proton motive force drives the uptake process. To establish which component of the proton motive force is the actual driving force, the influence of the presence of the ionophores nigericin and valinomycin was ...
... CCCP and DNP also markedly reduced Fe3+ uptake (Table 1). These results indicate that the proton motive force drives the uptake process. To establish which component of the proton motive force is the actual driving force, the influence of the presence of the ionophores nigericin and valinomycin was ...
Induction of MicroRNA-1 by Myocardin in Smooth Muscle Cells
... did not show normality and homogeneity of variance. P⬍0.05 was considered significant. ...
... did not show normality and homogeneity of variance. P⬍0.05 was considered significant. ...
Keystone Standards
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
ETS-dependent regulation of a distal Gata4 cardiac enhancer
... 2005). Gata4-null mice have defective endoderm development leading to cardia bifida (Kuo et al., 1997; Molkentin et al., 1997), and mice lacking GATA4 in the myocardium display defective cardiomyocyte proliferation and embryonic lethality (Rojas et al., 2008; Zeisberg et al., 2005). Mice lacking Gata ...
... 2005). Gata4-null mice have defective endoderm development leading to cardia bifida (Kuo et al., 1997; Molkentin et al., 1997), and mice lacking GATA4 in the myocardium display defective cardiomyocyte proliferation and embryonic lethality (Rojas et al., 2008; Zeisberg et al., 2005). Mice lacking Gata ...
Novel Mechanism of PTEN Regulation by Its
... Cells sense external chemical gradients and respond by moving toward the higher concentration of chemoattractant. Chemotaxis is important for a wide variety of physiological and pathological events such as axon guidance, immune response, wound healing, tissue morphogenesis, and carcinoma invasion. T ...
... Cells sense external chemical gradients and respond by moving toward the higher concentration of chemoattractant. Chemotaxis is important for a wide variety of physiological and pathological events such as axon guidance, immune response, wound healing, tissue morphogenesis, and carcinoma invasion. T ...
iv Molecular Mechanisms of Notochord Vacuole
... I would like to thank my advisor, Michel Bagnat, for his mentorship and for pushing me to accomplish so much during my time in his lab. I would like to thank my lab for guidance and helpful discussions. I especially thank Jennifer Bagwell for being both an invaluable resource in the lab and a great ...
... I would like to thank my advisor, Michel Bagnat, for his mentorship and for pushing me to accomplish so much during my time in his lab. I would like to thank my lab for guidance and helpful discussions. I especially thank Jennifer Bagwell for being both an invaluable resource in the lab and a great ...
Animal Evolution - Amazon Web Services
... unity among organisms, and show that the sometimes quite bewildering diversity is the result of variations over a series of basic themes, some of which are even common to all living beings. To me, this unity of the animal kingdom is just as fascinating as the diversity, and in this book I will try t ...
... unity among organisms, and show that the sometimes quite bewildering diversity is the result of variations over a series of basic themes, some of which are even common to all living beings. To me, this unity of the animal kingdom is just as fascinating as the diversity, and in this book I will try t ...
DIFFERENT MODES OF FLUORESCENTLY LABELED
... prostaglandins (4). It has been shown that the mechanism of glutamate and ANP release may involve exocytosis (3, 5-7), since these chemical messengers are found in membrane bound vesicles. In astrocytes these vesicles possess several components of SNARE molecules, key elements for vesicular exocytos ...
... prostaglandins (4). It has been shown that the mechanism of glutamate and ANP release may involve exocytosis (3, 5-7), since these chemical messengers are found in membrane bound vesicles. In astrocytes these vesicles possess several components of SNARE molecules, key elements for vesicular exocytos ...
A Comparison of the Oxidation of Clozapine and Olanzapine to
... clozapine to HL-60 cells and monocytes. HL-60 (human promyelocytic) cells were grown in RPMI 1640 containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 4 mM glutamine, 60 mg/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin and passaged twice a week. Cell culture was carried out at 37° in a humidified atmosph ...
... clozapine to HL-60 cells and monocytes. HL-60 (human promyelocytic) cells were grown in RPMI 1640 containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 4 mM glutamine, 60 mg/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin and passaged twice a week. Cell culture was carried out at 37° in a humidified atmosph ...
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase
... NO synthase was inhibited (Matsunaga et al., 2002). Interestingly, SMCs infected with adenovirus carrying endothelial NO synthase (Ad-eNOS) also inhibited SMC migration via the inhibition of MMP-2 activities (Gurjar et al., 1999). However, there are controversial reports on the effects of NO on endo ...
... NO synthase was inhibited (Matsunaga et al., 2002). Interestingly, SMCs infected with adenovirus carrying endothelial NO synthase (Ad-eNOS) also inhibited SMC migration via the inhibition of MMP-2 activities (Gurjar et al., 1999). However, there are controversial reports on the effects of NO on endo ...
Effects of Episodic Turbulence on Diatoms, with Comments on the Use of Evans Blue Stain for Live-Dead Determinations
... Micro-scale turbulence is often overlooked but has the potential to be beneficial to phytoplankton at an intermediate level (Thomas and Gibson 1990), in part due to the fact that turbulence has the potential to overcome the limits of diffusive transport. For example, NO3 uptake increased 10% in Dit ...
... Micro-scale turbulence is often overlooked but has the potential to be beneficial to phytoplankton at an intermediate level (Thomas and Gibson 1990), in part due to the fact that turbulence has the potential to overcome the limits of diffusive transport. For example, NO3 uptake increased 10% in Dit ...
PDF + SI
... Immunostaining. Subconfluent cell cultures prepared as described above were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde兾0.1% glutaraldehyde for 60 min before being treated with blocking solution containing 4% horse serum and 0.2% Triton X-100 for 1 h at room temperature. Cultures then were probed with anti-glial f ...
... Immunostaining. Subconfluent cell cultures prepared as described above were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde兾0.1% glutaraldehyde for 60 min before being treated with blocking solution containing 4% horse serum and 0.2% Triton X-100 for 1 h at room temperature. Cultures then were probed with anti-glial f ...
Serum Factors from Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
... Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable disorder mainly characterized by calcified elastic fibers in cutaneous, ocular, and vascular tissues. PXE is caused by mutations in ABCC6, a gene encoding an ABC transporter predominantly expressed in liver and kidneys. The functional relationship betwee ...
... Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable disorder mainly characterized by calcified elastic fibers in cutaneous, ocular, and vascular tissues. PXE is caused by mutations in ABCC6, a gene encoding an ABC transporter predominantly expressed in liver and kidneys. The functional relationship betwee ...
Glycoproteins with Type Common and Type Specific Antigenic Sites
... 14C-glucosamine (Fig. 2), although some proteins are more highly glycosylated than others, e.g. band b is poorly glycosylated compared with bands a and c. Many of these regions are complex, with more than one component being identified in certain regions. For instance, regions a and b of MPI7 ICRP c ...
... 14C-glucosamine (Fig. 2), although some proteins are more highly glycosylated than others, e.g. band b is poorly glycosylated compared with bands a and c. Many of these regions are complex, with more than one component being identified in certain regions. For instance, regions a and b of MPI7 ICRP c ...
Naturally Occurring Ligand Isoforms Receptor Binding and Function
... We used a comparative approach to identify the fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (flt3) ligand structure required for binding and function. Two conserved bovine flt3 ligand isoforms, which differ in a defined region within the extracellular domain, were identified and shown to be uniformly transcribed i ...
... We used a comparative approach to identify the fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (flt3) ligand structure required for binding and function. Two conserved bovine flt3 ligand isoforms, which differ in a defined region within the extracellular domain, were identified and shown to be uniformly transcribed i ...
b-Arrestin1 and Distinct CXCR4 Structures Are Required for Stromal
... combined and allowed to sit at room temperature for 20 minutes. The particular plasmid(s) included in each transfection varied as indicated. This mixture was then added to 35 mm 10 mm cell culture dishes containing adherent neuroblastoma cells at approximately 50% confluency together with 1 ml of ...
... combined and allowed to sit at room temperature for 20 minutes. The particular plasmid(s) included in each transfection varied as indicated. This mixture was then added to 35 mm 10 mm cell culture dishes containing adherent neuroblastoma cells at approximately 50% confluency together with 1 ml of ...
Chapter 16—Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
Crowther`s Tenth Martini - University of Washington
... which structures are associated with which. Physiology is the study of the functions of these structures. Anatomy and physiology – often abbreviated A&P – can be approached separately but usually are presented together because structure and function are so closely interconnected. It is often said th ...
... which structures are associated with which. Physiology is the study of the functions of these structures. Anatomy and physiology – often abbreviated A&P – can be approached separately but usually are presented together because structure and function are so closely interconnected. It is often said th ...
Caspary T, Larkins CE, Anderson KV. Dev Cell. 2007 May;12(5):767-78. The graded response to Sonic Hedgehog depends on cilia architecture.
... the labile central pair, we conclude that the electron micrographs reflected the true structure of the hnn axoneme. The Role of Arl13b in Neural Patterning Depends on Cilia The hnn mutant has striking defects in both cilia structure and activity of the Shh pathway. To test whether the defect in cili ...
... the labile central pair, we conclude that the electron micrographs reflected the true structure of the hnn axoneme. The Role of Arl13b in Neural Patterning Depends on Cilia The hnn mutant has striking defects in both cilia structure and activity of the Shh pathway. To test whether the defect in cili ...
A GH3-like Domain in Reaper Is Required for Mitochondrial
... by subcloning RFP upstream of DIAP1 in pRmHa-3. For fluorescence- ...
... by subcloning RFP upstream of DIAP1 in pRmHa-3. For fluorescence- ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Mammals
... (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of OPA1 leads to fragmentation of the mitochondrial network (Chen and Chan, unpublished results, 2003; Olichon et al., 2003). However, overexpression of OPA1 also changes the normally tubular network of mitochondria into small spheres (Misaka et al., 2002). This phenotype c ...
... (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of OPA1 leads to fragmentation of the mitochondrial network (Chen and Chan, unpublished results, 2003; Olichon et al., 2003). However, overexpression of OPA1 also changes the normally tubular network of mitochondria into small spheres (Misaka et al., 2002). This phenotype c ...
1 PLASTID OSMOTIC STRESS INFLUENCES CELL
... maintaining a balance between differentiation and proliferation in the SAM (Gaillochet and Lohmann, ...
... maintaining a balance between differentiation and proliferation in the SAM (Gaillochet and Lohmann, ...
USING ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) AS A SUBSTITUTE APPLICATIONS
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.