![Study of the Biogenesis of the Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells (植物](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016023804_1-7d5c172f0cb4f18b43f1faf407e14015-300x300.png)
Study of the Biogenesis of the Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells (植物
... however, it is impossible to investigate the stacked structure by using it. Although major progress in ...
... however, it is impossible to investigate the stacked structure by using it. Although major progress in ...
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice (Oryza sativa L - JMS
... (Allium sativum L.) cv. Lumbu Hijau was conducted. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of 2,4-D on the induction of somatic embryogenesis and to observe the developmental stage of somatic embryo as well as the surface structural changes of somatic embryo in garlic. Root tips expla ...
... (Allium sativum L.) cv. Lumbu Hijau was conducted. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of 2,4-D on the induction of somatic embryogenesis and to observe the developmental stage of somatic embryo as well as the surface structural changes of somatic embryo in garlic. Root tips expla ...
Active Hair Bundle Movements and the Cochlear Amplifier
... These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similarities used by hair cells to overcome difficulties that are common to each. One common problem faced by all hair cells is that the energy associated with sound at threshold is small. In order to obtain such low threshold ...
... These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similarities used by hair cells to overcome difficulties that are common to each. One common problem faced by all hair cells is that the energy associated with sound at threshold is small. In order to obtain such low threshold ...
FREE Sample Here
... surrounds and bathes all cells. ANS: extracellular fluid, plasma, interstitial fluid PTS: 1 8. The ____________________ is the liquid part of the blood. ANS: plasma PTS: 1 9. The body cells are in direct contact with and make life-sustaining exchanges with the ...
... surrounds and bathes all cells. ANS: extracellular fluid, plasma, interstitial fluid PTS: 1 8. The ____________________ is the liquid part of the blood. ANS: plasma PTS: 1 9. The body cells are in direct contact with and make life-sustaining exchanges with the ...
AcmA of Lactococcus lactis is an N-acetylglucosaminidase
... AcmA consists of an active site domain, followed by a C-terminal region (cA) containing three highly homologous repeats of 45 amino acids each, also called lysin motif (LysM) domains [3,6]. The active site domain is homologous to that of muramidase-2 of Enterococcus faecalis, suggesting that AcmA is ...
... AcmA consists of an active site domain, followed by a C-terminal region (cA) containing three highly homologous repeats of 45 amino acids each, also called lysin motif (LysM) domains [3,6]. The active site domain is homologous to that of muramidase-2 of Enterococcus faecalis, suggesting that AcmA is ...
Transcriptional regulation of mammalian autophagy at a glance
... referred to as p53) has been described to inhibit mTORC1 and thus to activate autophagy, several studies have shown that cytoplasmic p53 is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. The mechanisms for this inhibition are largely unknown (Green and Kroemer, 2009); however, post-transcriptional downregulation ...
... referred to as p53) has been described to inhibit mTORC1 and thus to activate autophagy, several studies have shown that cytoplasmic p53 is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. The mechanisms for this inhibition are largely unknown (Green and Kroemer, 2009); however, post-transcriptional downregulation ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... To investigate functional contributions made by the VPE we generated a targeted deletion lacking this 0.7kb region (Fig. S4). Homozygous ΔVPE mutants are viable and fertile (Fig. 2B). However, when we crossed EomesΔVPE/ΔVPE mice with Eomes+/- heterozygous animals carrying the null allele, we observe ...
... To investigate functional contributions made by the VPE we generated a targeted deletion lacking this 0.7kb region (Fig. S4). Homozygous ΔVPE mutants are viable and fertile (Fig. 2B). However, when we crossed EomesΔVPE/ΔVPE mice with Eomes+/- heterozygous animals carrying the null allele, we observe ...
CHAPTER 2 Literature Review I Bone Homeostasis
... receptor (RXR), as shown. (Kersten S, Desvergne B, Wahli W. Roles of PPARs in health and disease. Nature 2000;405:421-4). ...
... receptor (RXR), as shown. (Kersten S, Desvergne B, Wahli W. Roles of PPARs in health and disease. Nature 2000;405:421-4). ...
Up-regulation of junctophilin-2 prevents ER stress and apoptosis in
... burden for our health care system [18]. In fact, studies have shown that reperfusion itself induces further disruptions and additional injuries secondary to the ischemic damage, a condition described as “ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury” [19]. I/R injury not only reduces the benefits of blood flow ...
... burden for our health care system [18]. In fact, studies have shown that reperfusion itself induces further disruptions and additional injuries secondary to the ischemic damage, a condition described as “ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury” [19]. I/R injury not only reduces the benefits of blood flow ...
A three-stage model of Golgi structure and function
... separation enables the cell to optimize the pH, ion composition, and substrate concentrations for each set of enzymes. Moreover, enzyme separation may sometimes be essential to prevent two reactions from competing. For example, mammalian lysosomal hydrolases are modified with a mannose 6-phosphate s ...
... separation enables the cell to optimize the pH, ion composition, and substrate concentrations for each set of enzymes. Moreover, enzyme separation may sometimes be essential to prevent two reactions from competing. For example, mammalian lysosomal hydrolases are modified with a mannose 6-phosphate s ...
Dramatic increase in lymph node dendritic cell
... with the basal surface of a HEV. Enlargement of an area similar to the box shown in panel B. Scale bar ⫽ 5 m. ...
... with the basal surface of a HEV. Enlargement of an area similar to the box shown in panel B. Scale bar ⫽ 5 m. ...
the article
... TLR9 was originally believed to uniquely recognize bacterial or viral DNA, although it is now appreciated that TLR9 also recognizes unmethylated CpG–containing DNA sequences, including those of mammalian origin9,14. However, whereas bacterial and virus-derived DNA can gain access to the endosome thr ...
... TLR9 was originally believed to uniquely recognize bacterial or viral DNA, although it is now appreciated that TLR9 also recognizes unmethylated CpG–containing DNA sequences, including those of mammalian origin9,14. However, whereas bacterial and virus-derived DNA can gain access to the endosome thr ...
2. introduction
... through gap junctions, thus spreading depolarization by involving enough adjoining tissue to bring it to threshold to produce a conducted beat. It is important to note, however, that the spread of Ca2+ between myocytes is carefully regulated by the myocyte through regulation of gap junctions which a ...
... through gap junctions, thus spreading depolarization by involving enough adjoining tissue to bring it to threshold to produce a conducted beat. It is important to note, however, that the spread of Ca2+ between myocytes is carefully regulated by the myocyte through regulation of gap junctions which a ...
Eucalyptus grandis cellulose synthase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana MARJA M. O’NEILL
... polymerize growing glucan chains in the cell wall. Each rosette is hypothesised to consist of six subunits each containing six CESA proteins. This hypothesis is mostly based on structural features of rosettes observed using freeze-fracture microscopy. ...
... polymerize growing glucan chains in the cell wall. Each rosette is hypothesised to consist of six subunits each containing six CESA proteins. This hypothesis is mostly based on structural features of rosettes observed using freeze-fracture microscopy. ...
The Crucial Role of Biofilms in Cryptococcus neoformans Survival
... Because C. neoformans is found in association with soil-containing pigeon excreta [9] and has long been subject to radiation [10] as well as predation in this challenging environment [11,12], defensive mechanisms have evolved where the mode of growth and survival occur in specifically arranged commu ...
... Because C. neoformans is found in association with soil-containing pigeon excreta [9] and has long been subject to radiation [10] as well as predation in this challenging environment [11,12], defensive mechanisms have evolved where the mode of growth and survival occur in specifically arranged commu ...
Foxp3-positive macrophages display immunosuppressive properties
... that expressed Foxp3 in spleen from C57BL/6 mice (Fig. 1 A). Further evaluations revealed that CD11b+Foxp3+ cells were also present in bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, and liver (Fig. 1 A) and other organs such as lung and peripheral blood (not depicted).The CD11b+Foxp3+ cells represent 0.2–1% of th ...
... that expressed Foxp3 in spleen from C57BL/6 mice (Fig. 1 A). Further evaluations revealed that CD11b+Foxp3+ cells were also present in bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, and liver (Fig. 1 A) and other organs such as lung and peripheral blood (not depicted).The CD11b+Foxp3+ cells represent 0.2–1% of th ...
COURSE BOOK IN GENERAL BIOLOGY
... cold blooded animals resort to behavioral adaptations; they dig into burrows when it is warm at the surface and increase metabolism by running or hopping during cold days. Through these, they are able to regulate their body temperature. ...
... cold blooded animals resort to behavioral adaptations; they dig into burrows when it is warm at the surface and increase metabolism by running or hopping during cold days. Through these, they are able to regulate their body temperature. ...
The Wnt signaling pathway mechanisms
... and right atrium are formed. The ventricles and atria balloon out of the primary heart tube as a result of local differentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes (de Jong et al., 1997; Christoffels et al., 2000; Christoffels et al., 2004). With development the heart tube increases in length by t ...
... and right atrium are formed. The ventricles and atria balloon out of the primary heart tube as a result of local differentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes (de Jong et al., 1997; Christoffels et al., 2000; Christoffels et al., 2004). With development the heart tube increases in length by t ...
Reverse migration of neutrophils: Where, when, how and why
... pericytes. As with neutrophil rTEM, the application of high resolution 3D real-time confocal intravital microscopy has shed much light on the dynamics of this aspect of neutrophil trafficking, as briefly detailed in Box 1. Specifically, through the use of genetically modified mice exhibiting RFPcher ...
... pericytes. As with neutrophil rTEM, the application of high resolution 3D real-time confocal intravital microscopy has shed much light on the dynamics of this aspect of neutrophil trafficking, as briefly detailed in Box 1. Specifically, through the use of genetically modified mice exhibiting RFPcher ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... cspA (for cell surface protein A) encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We ...
... cspA (for cell surface protein A) encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We ...
Role of Template Activating Factor-I as a
... separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NCPs complexes was examined by nucleoprotein gel analyses. The 196 bp 5S rRNA gene fragments or NCPs (0.4 pmol of DNA) assembled on the same DNA with ...
... separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NCPs complexes was examined by nucleoprotein gel analyses. The 196 bp 5S rRNA gene fragments or NCPs (0.4 pmol of DNA) assembled on the same DNA with ...
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts: function of the junction
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules circumscribe the mitochondrial membrane. b,c | Live confocal fluorescence time-lapse images of Cos‑7 cells (b) and yeast cells (c) showing mitochondrial constriction followed by division taking place at the site of an ER tubule crossing the mitochondria. Arrows ind ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules circumscribe the mitochondrial membrane. b,c | Live confocal fluorescence time-lapse images of Cos‑7 cells (b) and yeast cells (c) showing mitochondrial constriction followed by division taking place at the site of an ER tubule crossing the mitochondria. Arrows ind ...
TAL1occupancy_WuRevised_v16 - bx.psu.edu
... (Kassouf et al. 2008). These results show that direct binding to DNA is dispensable for some TAL1 functions in primitive erythropoiesis. Furthermore, a motif search on TAL1 binding sites in human proerythroblasts revealed that E-boxes are absent from over one-fifth of the sites. Indeed, GATA motifs ...
... (Kassouf et al. 2008). These results show that direct binding to DNA is dispensable for some TAL1 functions in primitive erythropoiesis. Furthermore, a motif search on TAL1 binding sites in human proerythroblasts revealed that E-boxes are absent from over one-fifth of the sites. Indeed, GATA motifs ...
High-Molecular-Weight Forms of Tyrosinase and the
... When the dopachrome tauto merase acti vity ofTRP-2 was purified as described previousl y [17 ,18] from detergent extracts of C loudman melanoma cells, tyrosin ase activity copurified wi th it through multiple steps (Table I). We have shown previo usly th at upon gelfiltration HPLC, dopachrome tautom ...
... When the dopachrome tauto merase acti vity ofTRP-2 was purified as described previousl y [17 ,18] from detergent extracts of C loudman melanoma cells, tyrosin ase activity copurified wi th it through multiple steps (Table I). We have shown previo usly th at upon gelfiltration HPLC, dopachrome tautom ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.