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1 Body Organization and Homeostasis
... the human body, have a structure similar to the cell in Figure 1. The cell membrane forms the outside boundary of the cell. Inside the cell membrane is a large structure called the nucleus. The nucleus is the control center that directs the cell’s activities and contains the information that determi ...
... the human body, have a structure similar to the cell in Figure 1. The cell membrane forms the outside boundary of the cell. Inside the cell membrane is a large structure called the nucleus. The nucleus is the control center that directs the cell’s activities and contains the information that determi ...
Lecture_8
... and motility. Two subunits of this protein complex are actin-related proteins (ARPs) belonging to the Arp2 and Arp3 subfamilies. The Arp3 subunit localizes to the surface of stationary bacteria and the tails of motile bacteria in tissue culture cells infected with L. monocytogenes; this is consisten ...
... and motility. Two subunits of this protein complex are actin-related proteins (ARPs) belonging to the Arp2 and Arp3 subfamilies. The Arp3 subunit localizes to the surface of stationary bacteria and the tails of motile bacteria in tissue culture cells infected with L. monocytogenes; this is consisten ...
as a PDF
... apoptotic cell death during evolving pneumonitis. Interestingly, apoptosis was clearly detected in the tissue of irradiated and shielded lungs (Fig. 1A) and in BALF collected from the whole lung (Fig. 1B) of WT mice at day 21 post-irradiation (15 Gy). No such increase was observed at day 1 post-irra ...
... apoptotic cell death during evolving pneumonitis. Interestingly, apoptosis was clearly detected in the tissue of irradiated and shielded lungs (Fig. 1A) and in BALF collected from the whole lung (Fig. 1B) of WT mice at day 21 post-irradiation (15 Gy). No such increase was observed at day 1 post-irra ...
research article Numerical study of the electroporation pulse shape
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
PP Chapter 15 Clicker
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley ...
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley ...
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell
... can occur in protoplasmic or newly secreted RG-IIs but not in those already existing in the cell wall (Chormova et al., 2014). Borate cross-linking is essential for successful expansive growth of cells by providing the cell wall with proper mechanical strength. In the cell wall of Arabidopsis rosett ...
... can occur in protoplasmic or newly secreted RG-IIs but not in those already existing in the cell wall (Chormova et al., 2014). Borate cross-linking is essential for successful expansive growth of cells by providing the cell wall with proper mechanical strength. In the cell wall of Arabidopsis rosett ...
219 Monoclonal antibodies.p65
... 2. (a) Myeloid leukaemia is a type of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies are used in treating it. A monoclonal antibody will bind to an antigen on a myeloid leukaemia cell. It will not bind to other types of cell. Explain why this antibody binds only to an antigen on a myeloid leukaemia cell. (b) Calicha ...
... 2. (a) Myeloid leukaemia is a type of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies are used in treating it. A monoclonal antibody will bind to an antigen on a myeloid leukaemia cell. It will not bind to other types of cell. Explain why this antibody binds only to an antigen on a myeloid leukaemia cell. (b) Calicha ...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of
... pretreatment partly abolished alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas and acidification of vacuolar areas of guard cells challenged with H2O2 (Fig 4 and Fig 5), which are coincident with the epidermal bioassay (Fig 2 and Fig 3). These results imply that the alkalinization of the cytosol may be accomplis ...
... pretreatment partly abolished alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas and acidification of vacuolar areas of guard cells challenged with H2O2 (Fig 4 and Fig 5), which are coincident with the epidermal bioassay (Fig 2 and Fig 3). These results imply that the alkalinization of the cytosol may be accomplis ...
Cilia and Flagella
... There are 9 pairs of connected microtubules in a circle towards the outside edge of the cilia/flagella. These are called the outer microtubule doublets. The outer microtubules are connected to each other in a ring with cross-links (not pictured). The outer microtubules also connect to the center str ...
... There are 9 pairs of connected microtubules in a circle towards the outside edge of the cilia/flagella. These are called the outer microtubule doublets. The outer microtubules are connected to each other in a ring with cross-links (not pictured). The outer microtubules also connect to the center str ...
The chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin cell wall protein
... overexpression experiments using modified LRX1 proteins indicate that the interaction with the cell wall is important for LRX1 function. These results suggest that LRX1 is an extracellular component of a mechanism regulating root hair morphogenesis and elongation by controlling either polarized grow ...
... overexpression experiments using modified LRX1 proteins indicate that the interaction with the cell wall is important for LRX1 function. These results suggest that LRX1 is an extracellular component of a mechanism regulating root hair morphogenesis and elongation by controlling either polarized grow ...
Self-Assembled Monolayers That Resist the Adsorption of Proteins
... positively charged under the experimental conditions used, and it is often used as a model protein in studies of electrostatic adsorption.65,66 We chose to test the SAMs against the adhesion of S. aureus and S. epidermidis because these organisms cause 30-50% of infections due to indwelling devices. ...
... positively charged under the experimental conditions used, and it is often used as a model protein in studies of electrostatic adsorption.65,66 We chose to test the SAMs against the adhesion of S. aureus and S. epidermidis because these organisms cause 30-50% of infections due to indwelling devices. ...
Renal Physiology - part 2
... dilutes it, see below). The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water, and a further 30L/day of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed here. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water. As explained in part 1 of this tutorial, there are both short (85%) and long ( ...
... dilutes it, see below). The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water, and a further 30L/day of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed here. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water. As explained in part 1 of this tutorial, there are both short (85%) and long ( ...
The membrane form of the DNA repair protein Ku interacts at the cell
... its main function in the DNA DSB repair. In fact, the membrane form of Ku has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell–cell interaction (Teoh et al, 1998; Lynch et al, 2001) and in tumor cells when exposed to hypoxia to participate to a more migratory phenotype (Ginis and Faller, 2000). A ...
... its main function in the DNA DSB repair. In fact, the membrane form of Ku has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell–cell interaction (Teoh et al, 1998; Lynch et al, 2001) and in tumor cells when exposed to hypoxia to participate to a more migratory phenotype (Ginis and Faller, 2000). A ...
Correlation between Innervation of Skeletal Muscles and
... showed that the ratio decreased rapidly within 3 months after denervation, and went on to decrease but a little less rapidly from 4 months to 6 months. HE staining showed that the muscle cells became thinner, the intercellular gap became wider gradually, more connective tissues appeared between musc ...
... showed that the ratio decreased rapidly within 3 months after denervation, and went on to decrease but a little less rapidly from 4 months to 6 months. HE staining showed that the muscle cells became thinner, the intercellular gap became wider gradually, more connective tissues appeared between musc ...
High frequency precise multiple-base reversion of
... chloroform extraction, again diluted 1:5, and seeded on HeLa cells to produce three independent primary clonal pools designated C1, C2, and C3 (Table 1, experiment A). Plaque assays ofprimary pools C1, C2, and C3 at 330C and 390C again demonstrated non-ts revertant frequencies 2-3 x 10-5 (Table 1, e ...
... chloroform extraction, again diluted 1:5, and seeded on HeLa cells to produce three independent primary clonal pools designated C1, C2, and C3 (Table 1, experiment A). Plaque assays ofprimary pools C1, C2, and C3 at 330C and 390C again demonstrated non-ts revertant frequencies 2-3 x 10-5 (Table 1, e ...
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about
... separate cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions [55]. Several washing steps were performed to exclude cytoplasmic and membrane proteins [46]. Figure 4 shows the number of CWPs identified in the different fractions, i.e., wash vs. cell wall fractions (flax stem) and cytoplasmic vs. cell wall fractions ( ...
... separate cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions [55]. Several washing steps were performed to exclude cytoplasmic and membrane proteins [46]. Figure 4 shows the number of CWPs identified in the different fractions, i.e., wash vs. cell wall fractions (flax stem) and cytoplasmic vs. cell wall fractions ( ...
Arabidopsis RHD3 mediates the generation of the tubular ER
... the lumen of the ER at the C-terminus (Hu et al., 2009). It has been hypothesized that the atlastins and Sey1p might be required in the generation of local ER membrane curvatures that are necessary for either fission or fusion of ER tubules (Hu et al., 2009). In humans there are three atlastin isofo ...
... the lumen of the ER at the C-terminus (Hu et al., 2009). It has been hypothesized that the atlastins and Sey1p might be required in the generation of local ER membrane curvatures that are necessary for either fission or fusion of ER tubules (Hu et al., 2009). In humans there are three atlastin isofo ...
Oligosaccharide signalling for defense responses in plant
... but linear b-1,3-linked glucooligosaccharides (laminarioligosaccharides) were active elicitors [47]. Interestingly, a cyclic 1,3- 1,6-linked b-glucan secreted by a symbiotic bacterium, Bradyrhizobioum japonicum, was reported to act as a suppressor for the induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis in soy ...
... but linear b-1,3-linked glucooligosaccharides (laminarioligosaccharides) were active elicitors [47]. Interestingly, a cyclic 1,3- 1,6-linked b-glucan secreted by a symbiotic bacterium, Bradyrhizobioum japonicum, was reported to act as a suppressor for the induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis in soy ...
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) in early
... by specific RIAs. Comparison between insulin and Cpeptide levels in the same samples (A-insert). all the measured samples. The relation between the amount of this peptide and insulin was constant, giving indirect evidence for insulin-derived activity. In the same samples (8- to 12-day-old mouse embr ...
... by specific RIAs. Comparison between insulin and Cpeptide levels in the same samples (A-insert). all the measured samples. The relation between the amount of this peptide and insulin was constant, giving indirect evidence for insulin-derived activity. In the same samples (8- to 12-day-old mouse embr ...
D:\ACTA\3-2003\jozwiak 732.vp
... gentamicin. Fibroblasts were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. For the experiments, cells between 5th and 15th passage were used. Under the culture conditions we have observed no differences in the growth properties of the normal and diabetic cell lines. Drug treatment ...
... gentamicin. Fibroblasts were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. For the experiments, cells between 5th and 15th passage were used. Under the culture conditions we have observed no differences in the growth properties of the normal and diabetic cell lines. Drug treatment ...
1 Sporulation, bacterial cell envelopes, and the origin of life Elitza I
... layer is extended by the synthesis of new PG at the leading edges of engulfing membranes as they progress around the immature spore30. At the end of engulfment, a thin layer of PG is found between the two spore membranes and likely acts as a foundation for the synthesis of the spore cortex (thick pr ...
... layer is extended by the synthesis of new PG at the leading edges of engulfing membranes as they progress around the immature spore30. At the end of engulfment, a thin layer of PG is found between the two spore membranes and likely acts as a foundation for the synthesis of the spore cortex (thick pr ...
Tetherin Inhibits HIV-1 Release by Directly Tethering Virions to Cells
... maturation, we used a CHO-derived cell line lacking PIGL, an ER-resident enzyme required for the addition of GPI anchors. Proteins that harbor a GPI modification signal as their only membrane anchor are inserted into ER membrane but remain trapped there in the absence of PIGL (Nakamura et al., 1997) ...
... maturation, we used a CHO-derived cell line lacking PIGL, an ER-resident enzyme required for the addition of GPI anchors. Proteins that harbor a GPI modification signal as their only membrane anchor are inserted into ER membrane but remain trapped there in the absence of PIGL (Nakamura et al., 1997) ...
Lung dendritic cells and host immunity to infection
... (Th)1 lymphocytes are effector cells that predominantly secrete IL-2, interferon (IFN)-c and TNF-b to activate macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells. CD4z Th2 lymphocytes secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13 to induce a predominantly humoral immune response, sometimes dominated by the formati ...
... (Th)1 lymphocytes are effector cells that predominantly secrete IL-2, interferon (IFN)-c and TNF-b to activate macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells. CD4z Th2 lymphocytes secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13 to induce a predominantly humoral immune response, sometimes dominated by the formati ...
4 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... Characteristics of Connective Tissue • Three characteristics make connective tissues different from other primary tissues – Have mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue) as their common tissue of origin – Have varying degrees of vascularity (blood ...
... Characteristics of Connective Tissue • Three characteristics make connective tissues different from other primary tissues – Have mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue) as their common tissue of origin – Have varying degrees of vascularity (blood ...
Developmental and functional studies of the SLC12 gene family
... SLC12 is a small gene family of integral membrane proteins. To date all of the SLC12 ...
... SLC12 is a small gene family of integral membrane proteins. To date all of the SLC12 ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.