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RNA SHAPE analysis in living cells
... RNA structure has important roles in practically every facet of gene regulation, but the paucity of in vivo structural probes limits current understanding. Here we design, synthesize and demonstrate two new chemical probes that enable selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHA ...
... RNA structure has important roles in practically every facet of gene regulation, but the paucity of in vivo structural probes limits current understanding. Here we design, synthesize and demonstrate two new chemical probes that enable selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHA ...
Virus entry into a polarized epithelial cell line (MDCK)
... (Herrler & Klenk, 1987). This virus was stored at - 8 0 °C and used to infect MDCK cells. Strain L-9 of BCV was grown in MDCK I cells as described previously (Schultze et al., 1990). The kinetics of virus growth in MDCK I cells was similar for both viruses. • Virus infection. Cells grown on a filter ...
... (Herrler & Klenk, 1987). This virus was stored at - 8 0 °C and used to infect MDCK cells. Strain L-9 of BCV was grown in MDCK I cells as described previously (Schultze et al., 1990). The kinetics of virus growth in MDCK I cells was similar for both viruses. • Virus infection. Cells grown on a filter ...
Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory Elements that Encode
... was not included in later Ensembl releases). Ortholog genes between these organisms were determined using the EnsMart utility.30 Only one-to-one mapped genes were taken into account when constructing the orthology maps. Specifically, the human-mouse orthology set contained a total of 16,299 genes. M ...
... was not included in later Ensembl releases). Ortholog genes between these organisms were determined using the EnsMart utility.30 Only one-to-one mapped genes were taken into account when constructing the orthology maps. Specifically, the human-mouse orthology set contained a total of 16,299 genes. M ...
Virus entry into a polarized epithelial cell line (MDCK)
... (Herrler & Klenk, 1987). This virus was stored at - 8 0 °C and used to infect MDCK cells. Strain L-9 of BCV was grown in MDCK I cells as described previously (Schultze et al., 1990). The kinetics of virus growth in MDCK I cells was similar for both viruses. • Virus infection. Cells grown on a filter ...
... (Herrler & Klenk, 1987). This virus was stored at - 8 0 °C and used to infect MDCK cells. Strain L-9 of BCV was grown in MDCK I cells as described previously (Schultze et al., 1990). The kinetics of virus growth in MDCK I cells was similar for both viruses. • Virus infection. Cells grown on a filter ...
Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that
... antibodies. T7-directed cotranscription/cotranslation was carried out in the TNT reticulocyte lysate expression system (Promega) in the presence of L-[35S]methionine (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). After incubation for 90 min at 30°C, the lysates were diluted 20-fold with buffer A, subjected to immuno ...
... antibodies. T7-directed cotranscription/cotranslation was carried out in the TNT reticulocyte lysate expression system (Promega) in the presence of L-[35S]methionine (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). After incubation for 90 min at 30°C, the lysates were diluted 20-fold with buffer A, subjected to immuno ...
Cell Cycle - CiteSeerX
... was not included in later Ensembl releases). Ortholog genes between these organisms were determined using the EnsMart utility.30 Only one-to-one mapped genes were taken into account when constructing the orthology maps. Specifically, the human-mouse orthology set contained a total of 16,299 genes. M ...
... was not included in later Ensembl releases). Ortholog genes between these organisms were determined using the EnsMart utility.30 Only one-to-one mapped genes were taken into account when constructing the orthology maps. Specifically, the human-mouse orthology set contained a total of 16,299 genes. M ...
MyTaq™ HS DNA Polymerase
... genome sequencing projects, the recombinant DNA template is normally purified from the host cell and then amplified by conventional PCR using a thermostable DNA polymerase. Alternately, colony PCR can be performed by adding a single recombinant colony into a DNA polymerase PCR master mix, omitting t ...
... genome sequencing projects, the recombinant DNA template is normally purified from the host cell and then amplified by conventional PCR using a thermostable DNA polymerase. Alternately, colony PCR can be performed by adding a single recombinant colony into a DNA polymerase PCR master mix, omitting t ...
Experimental conditions affect the site of tetrazolium
... The reduction of tetrazolium salts to coloured formazans is often used as an indicator of cell metabolism during microbiology studies, although the reduction mechanisms have never clearly been established in bacteria. The objective of the present study was to identify the reduction mechanisms of tet ...
... The reduction of tetrazolium salts to coloured formazans is often used as an indicator of cell metabolism during microbiology studies, although the reduction mechanisms have never clearly been established in bacteria. The objective of the present study was to identify the reduction mechanisms of tet ...
Use of Recombinant Mucin Glycoprotein to Assess the
... that H. pylori binds to the recombinant form of MUC5AC produced by the cells, particularly the extracellular secreted mucin, which had an altered glycosylation profile compared to its intracellular form. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using recombinant mucin proteins to assess the direct ...
... that H. pylori binds to the recombinant form of MUC5AC produced by the cells, particularly the extracellular secreted mucin, which had an altered glycosylation profile compared to its intracellular form. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using recombinant mucin proteins to assess the direct ...
Cell dynamics of folding in two
... crucial landmarks in the folding funnel for a fast-folding protein — through the molten globule states and lowenergy bottlenecks. There are several features that have been proposed to characterize sequences that are good folders: maximal compatibility (‘minimum frustration’) [6,7], large thermodynam ...
... crucial landmarks in the folding funnel for a fast-folding protein — through the molten globule states and lowenergy bottlenecks. There are several features that have been proposed to characterize sequences that are good folders: maximal compatibility (‘minimum frustration’) [6,7], large thermodynam ...
Receptor-Mediated Entry by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Utilizes
... macrophages, permissive equine fibroblastic cells, and ELR1transduced mouse cells. The results of these studies demonstrate for the first time that EIAV receptor-mediated infection occurs via a pH-dependent endocytic pathway. These results are in general agreement with the conclusions drawn by Brind ...
... macrophages, permissive equine fibroblastic cells, and ELR1transduced mouse cells. The results of these studies demonstrate for the first time that EIAV receptor-mediated infection occurs via a pH-dependent endocytic pathway. These results are in general agreement with the conclusions drawn by Brind ...
Formation of lipid bodies and fatty acid composition changes upon
... PC1 separated pre-akinete cultures of Zygnema sp. C from all other samples. In addition, PC2 clearly separated all pre-akinete cultures from all young ones while simultaneously grouping ...
... PC1 separated pre-akinete cultures of Zygnema sp. C from all other samples. In addition, PC2 clearly separated all pre-akinete cultures from all young ones while simultaneously grouping ...
cell to cell interaction in the immune response v. target cells for
... collaboration between thymus-derived ,and marrow-derived cells is an essential component of the response of mice to SRBC. More recent experiments have shown that a similar type of collaboration takes place with respect to other antigens, such as heterologous serum albumin (8). T h e n a t u r e of t ...
... collaboration between thymus-derived ,and marrow-derived cells is an essential component of the response of mice to SRBC. More recent experiments have shown that a similar type of collaboration takes place with respect to other antigens, such as heterologous serum albumin (8). T h e n a t u r e of t ...
Lysosomal Sequestration of Polyamine
... trials—despite accumulating ~5 times more analogue than parental cells. We now report that treatment of CHO/664 cells with DENSPM results in the formation of numerous large cytoplasmic vacuoles, which on the basis of electron microscopy and cytochemical staining seem to be lysosomal in origin. A s ...
... trials—despite accumulating ~5 times more analogue than parental cells. We now report that treatment of CHO/664 cells with DENSPM results in the formation of numerous large cytoplasmic vacuoles, which on the basis of electron microscopy and cytochemical staining seem to be lysosomal in origin. A s ...
bacterial cell shape - Jacobs-Wagner Lab
... synthesis of TEICHOIC ACIDS in Gram-positive cells10–12. However, the rod shape also depended on the mre genes (mreB, mreC, mreD) and rodA, the products of which had unknown functions13–17. Recently, MreB was identified as a bacterial homologue of the eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein actin18–20, and ...
... synthesis of TEICHOIC ACIDS in Gram-positive cells10–12. However, the rod shape also depended on the mre genes (mreB, mreC, mreD) and rodA, the products of which had unknown functions13–17. Recently, MreB was identified as a bacterial homologue of the eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein actin18–20, and ...
Saquinavir, an HIV Protease Inhibitor, Is Transported by P
... Saquinavir cytotoxicity. We first examined whether expression of P-gp confers resistance to saquinavir-mediated cytotoxicity using the drug-resistant, MDR1-transfected NIH3T3-G185 (G185) cells (Currier et al., 1992; Cardarelli et al., 1995). Exposure of these cells to vinblastine or doxorubicin demo ...
... Saquinavir cytotoxicity. We first examined whether expression of P-gp confers resistance to saquinavir-mediated cytotoxicity using the drug-resistant, MDR1-transfected NIH3T3-G185 (G185) cells (Currier et al., 1992; Cardarelli et al., 1995). Exposure of these cells to vinblastine or doxorubicin demo ...
Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina
... of glial cells by ATPgS ejection results in prolonged hyperpolarization of the RGC and inhibition of spiking. From Newman [9]. (b) Mechanical stimulation of Müller cells (arrows) evokes Ca2þ increases in the glial cells and modulates light-evoked RGC activity. Müller cell stimulation potentiates n ...
... of glial cells by ATPgS ejection results in prolonged hyperpolarization of the RGC and inhibition of spiking. From Newman [9]. (b) Mechanical stimulation of Müller cells (arrows) evokes Ca2þ increases in the glial cells and modulates light-evoked RGC activity. Müller cell stimulation potentiates n ...
3 | biological macromolecules
... smaller organic molecules. There are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids); each is an important cell component and performs a wide array of functions. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell’s dry mass (recall that wate ...
... smaller organic molecules. There are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids); each is an important cell component and performs a wide array of functions. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell’s dry mass (recall that wate ...
Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to
... The CRL4CDT2 E3 complex also targets p21 when it interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in order to prevent DNA overreplication. Additionally, CRL4CDT2 is involved in the destruction of CDT1 to restrict its DNA replication activity. Fine-tuning of the S-phase progression further in ...
... The CRL4CDT2 E3 complex also targets p21 when it interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in order to prevent DNA overreplication. Additionally, CRL4CDT2 is involved in the destruction of CDT1 to restrict its DNA replication activity. Fine-tuning of the S-phase progression further in ...
Mechanisms of convergence and extension by cell intercalation
... The cells of many embryonic tissues actively narrow in one dimension (convergence) and lengthen in the perpendicular dimension (extension). Convergence and extension are ubiquitous and important tissue movements in metazoan morphogenesis. In vertebrates, the dorsal axial and paraxial mesodermal tiss ...
... The cells of many embryonic tissues actively narrow in one dimension (convergence) and lengthen in the perpendicular dimension (extension). Convergence and extension are ubiquitous and important tissue movements in metazoan morphogenesis. In vertebrates, the dorsal axial and paraxial mesodermal tiss ...
Document
... • 18xx Interphase-Mitosis (Flemming) • 1951 Discovery of a distinct S-phase (Howard and Pelc) • 1970 Cell fusion experiments (Rao and Johnson) • 1971 Discovery of MPF (Masui and Markert) • 197x Yeast cdc mutants (Nurse, Hartwell etc.) • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+c ...
... • 18xx Interphase-Mitosis (Flemming) • 1951 Discovery of a distinct S-phase (Howard and Pelc) • 1970 Cell fusion experiments (Rao and Johnson) • 1971 Discovery of MPF (Masui and Markert) • 197x Yeast cdc mutants (Nurse, Hartwell etc.) • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+c ...
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death
... cells, B cells, or neutrophils) were exposed to 2 mM LLOMe, and cell survival was analyzed by Live/Dead stain and flow cytometry 2 hours post-LLOMe exposure. Wild type macrophages treated with 100 mM CA-074-Me (CAMe) served as controls. Immune cell specificity was determined using cell typespecific ant ...
... cells, B cells, or neutrophils) were exposed to 2 mM LLOMe, and cell survival was analyzed by Live/Dead stain and flow cytometry 2 hours post-LLOMe exposure. Wild type macrophages treated with 100 mM CA-074-Me (CAMe) served as controls. Immune cell specificity was determined using cell typespecific ant ...
Phenotypic Heterogeneity Enables Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
... Student t test was performed. P values were calculated using a two-sample equal variance type of t test and two-tailed distribution. A Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used, and P values of ⬍0.0127 were considered statistically significant. ...
... Student t test was performed. P values were calculated using a two-sample equal variance type of t test and two-tailed distribution. A Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used, and P values of ⬍0.0127 were considered statistically significant. ...
Cell cycle–dependent phosphorylation of Sec4p controls membrane
... can also be controlled by the phosphorylation status of Sec4p. This suggests that additional cellular pathways may impinge upon membrane trafficking through Sec4p effector protein recruitment, independent of its nucleotide-bound state. Indeed, the nutrient-starvation phenotype and sensitivity to rap ...
... can also be controlled by the phosphorylation status of Sec4p. This suggests that additional cellular pathways may impinge upon membrane trafficking through Sec4p effector protein recruitment, independent of its nucleotide-bound state. Indeed, the nutrient-starvation phenotype and sensitivity to rap ...
Development
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.