![anatomy of begonia lucernae wettst. (begoniaceae) leaf](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007776081_2-0ea4ffbc1481485a2ecf2c794308fbd5-300x300.png)
anatomy of begonia lucernae wettst. (begoniaceae) leaf
... comprises perennial herbaceous plants, suffrutescent or frutescent plants, alternateleafed plants, sometimes asymmetrical, stipellated, whole or with a lobed side, lobed or divided, variously colored (Cruceru, 2011). The family is characterized by threewinged capsular fruits, bifid styluli and pecul ...
... comprises perennial herbaceous plants, suffrutescent or frutescent plants, alternateleafed plants, sometimes asymmetrical, stipellated, whole or with a lobed side, lobed or divided, variously colored (Cruceru, 2011). The family is characterized by threewinged capsular fruits, bifid styluli and pecul ...
Stamen Structure and Function
... and model species, including tomato (Ursin et al., 1989; Chmelnitsky et al., 2003), tobacco (Koltunow et al., 1990), Antirrhinum (Nacken et al., 1991), oilseed rape (Scott et al., 1991b; Shen and Hsu, 1992), maize (Wright et al., 1993), rice (Tsuchiya et al., 1994), lily (Crossley et al., 1995), whi ...
... and model species, including tomato (Ursin et al., 1989; Chmelnitsky et al., 2003), tobacco (Koltunow et al., 1990), Antirrhinum (Nacken et al., 1991), oilseed rape (Scott et al., 1991b; Shen and Hsu, 1992), maize (Wright et al., 1993), rice (Tsuchiya et al., 1994), lily (Crossley et al., 1995), whi ...
Transfer of Primordial Germ-cells inXenopus laevis
... In the experiments, care was taken at the time of operation to graft pieces of endoderm very similar in size. In view of the argument at the end of the last paragraph, one is naturally inclined to ask why the graft is successful in some cases and not in others. We would draw attention to the signifi ...
... In the experiments, care was taken at the time of operation to graft pieces of endoderm very similar in size. In view of the argument at the end of the last paragraph, one is naturally inclined to ask why the graft is successful in some cases and not in others. We would draw attention to the signifi ...
Lysis of Human Monocytic Leukemia Cells by
... with ATP and required 4 hours to show significant lysis, which steadily climbed to 26% by 24 hours. Further incubation up to 30 hours did not increase the maximal lysis of these cells by ATP (data not shown). IFN-y-treated THP- 1 cells, however, rapidly released the radioactivity into the supernatan ...
... with ATP and required 4 hours to show significant lysis, which steadily climbed to 26% by 24 hours. Further incubation up to 30 hours did not increase the maximal lysis of these cells by ATP (data not shown). IFN-y-treated THP- 1 cells, however, rapidly released the radioactivity into the supernatan ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... [3] Stolz, A., Ernst, A. & Dikic, I. 2014. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Nat. Cell Biol. 16, 495–501 . ...
... [3] Stolz, A., Ernst, A. & Dikic, I. 2014. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Nat. Cell Biol. 16, 495–501 . ...
EasyPrep HY-Midi Plasmid Extraction Kit - tools
... stored at 2-8°C. If any precipitate forms in the buffers after storage at 2-8°C, it should be dissolved by warming the buffers to 37°C before use. RNaseA (100mg/ml) can be stored for one year at room temperature (15-25°C). After adding RNaseA, Buffer P1 is stable for 6 months at 2-8°C. ...
... stored at 2-8°C. If any precipitate forms in the buffers after storage at 2-8°C, it should be dissolved by warming the buffers to 37°C before use. RNaseA (100mg/ml) can be stored for one year at room temperature (15-25°C). After adding RNaseA, Buffer P1 is stable for 6 months at 2-8°C. ...
Innate host defense mechanisms of fish against viruses and bacteria
... portal of entry of viruses and they may be considered as a barrier to infection in resistant ®sh or as a primary site of attachment and replication in susceptible ®sh. This hypothesis was tested [23] in two strains of rainbow trout, one which was susceptible to VHS by both immersion and injection ch ...
... portal of entry of viruses and they may be considered as a barrier to infection in resistant ®sh or as a primary site of attachment and replication in susceptible ®sh. This hypothesis was tested [23] in two strains of rainbow trout, one which was susceptible to VHS by both immersion and injection ch ...
Developmental genetics of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx
... FIGURE 2 | Overview of pharyngeal development. All pharyngeal cells are descendants of the ABa and MS cells which are born after 2 and 3 cell divisions of the zygote, respectively (a). ABa will produce 49 pharyngeal cells while MS will produce 39. These cells are born and migrate during gastrulation ...
... FIGURE 2 | Overview of pharyngeal development. All pharyngeal cells are descendants of the ABa and MS cells which are born after 2 and 3 cell divisions of the zygote, respectively (a). ABa will produce 49 pharyngeal cells while MS will produce 39. These cells are born and migrate during gastrulation ...
Compartmentalisation of Rho regulators directs cell
... S2 cell extracts expressing PKNG58AeGFP were prepared 24 hours posttransfection, in lysis buffer [50 mmol/l Tris (pH 7.8), 150 mmol/l NaCl, 1% Nonidet-40], and were precleared twice with protein A-Sepharose beads for 30 minutes (4°C). Drosophila Rho1, Rac1, Rac2 and Cdc42-GST proteins were prepared ...
... S2 cell extracts expressing PKNG58AeGFP were prepared 24 hours posttransfection, in lysis buffer [50 mmol/l Tris (pH 7.8), 150 mmol/l NaCl, 1% Nonidet-40], and were precleared twice with protein A-Sepharose beads for 30 minutes (4°C). Drosophila Rho1, Rac1, Rac2 and Cdc42-GST proteins were prepared ...
2015 – PKc-theta is a novel sc35 splicing factor regulator in
... relevant genes undergo alternative splicing, the role of alternative splicing in T cell memory remains largely unexplored. SC35 (also known as SRSF2) is a well-characterized splicing factor that belongs to the serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein family, an important class of splicing regulators. SR pr ...
... relevant genes undergo alternative splicing, the role of alternative splicing in T cell memory remains largely unexplored. SC35 (also known as SRSF2) is a well-characterized splicing factor that belongs to the serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein family, an important class of splicing regulators. SR pr ...
Translocation of Magnaporthe oryzae Effectors into
... Knowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and neutralize defense responses. To cause the globally important rice blast disease, specialized invasive hyphae (IH) invade successiv ...
... Knowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and neutralize defense responses. To cause the globally important rice blast disease, specialized invasive hyphae (IH) invade successiv ...
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Cellular Immune
... Human bone marrow cells were obtained by Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). Bone marrow cells were layered on a Ficoll gradient (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 30 min. The mononucleated cells were cultured in the presence of the MSC basal medium (MSCBM; Lonza). After 5 d cult ...
... Human bone marrow cells were obtained by Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). Bone marrow cells were layered on a Ficoll gradient (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 30 min. The mononucleated cells were cultured in the presence of the MSC basal medium (MSCBM; Lonza). After 5 d cult ...
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... transcript levels and imaging of root ROS levels (using a ROS-sensitive fluorescent probe), they found no evidence that the lack of AOX had impacted mROS generation under standard growth conditions. In a second study by the same group, Arabidopsis plants lacking AOX were found to grow more slowly th ...
... transcript levels and imaging of root ROS levels (using a ROS-sensitive fluorescent probe), they found no evidence that the lack of AOX had impacted mROS generation under standard growth conditions. In a second study by the same group, Arabidopsis plants lacking AOX were found to grow more slowly th ...
Cell Biology - Educational Services
... In 1858, after using microscopes much better than Hooke’s first microscope, Rudolf Virchow developed the hypothesis that cells only come from other cells. For example, bacteria, which are single-celled organisms, divide in half (after they grow some) to make new bacteria. In the same way, your body ...
... In 1858, after using microscopes much better than Hooke’s first microscope, Rudolf Virchow developed the hypothesis that cells only come from other cells. For example, bacteria, which are single-celled organisms, divide in half (after they grow some) to make new bacteria. In the same way, your body ...
electrophysiological investigations of the heart of squill a mantis
... heart were left beating immediately after cutting. Despite this variability it seems that the cells with the greatest intrinsic rhythmicity and the highest spontaneous firing rate are those near the ends of the g.n.t. This is in keeping with the finding that within an intact g.n.t. the impulses appe ...
... heart were left beating immediately after cutting. Despite this variability it seems that the cells with the greatest intrinsic rhythmicity and the highest spontaneous firing rate are those near the ends of the g.n.t. This is in keeping with the finding that within an intact g.n.t. the impulses appe ...
the effect of proteolytic digestion products on multiplication and
... strains of monocytes from blood and from spleen. The effect of increasing degrees of hydrolysis of the protein was tested by comparative experiments with the peptic, the tryptic, and the ereptic and tryptic digests of a given protein at equal nitrogen concentration. As a further test, experiments we ...
... strains of monocytes from blood and from spleen. The effect of increasing degrees of hydrolysis of the protein was tested by comparative experiments with the peptic, the tryptic, and the ereptic and tryptic digests of a given protein at equal nitrogen concentration. As a further test, experiments we ...
Immunology of interstitial lung diseases: ... place in the lung of sarcoidosis, ...
... young macrophages newly differentiated from recently recruited monocytes express this enzymatic property only for a limited period of time. In fact, freshly isolated peripheral monocytes degrade significant amounts of type IV collagen during the first 24 hours. After that period the activity decreas ...
... young macrophages newly differentiated from recently recruited monocytes express this enzymatic property only for a limited period of time. In fact, freshly isolated peripheral monocytes degrade significant amounts of type IV collagen during the first 24 hours. After that period the activity decreas ...
Plasmodesmata-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Shoot
... there. It is widely accepted that macromolecular signals such as TFs and small non-coding RNA (sRNAs) act as mobile signals that are actively and selectively transported to target cells through PD to specify their fates [18]. Around twenty years ago, the first mobile signal moving between cells via ...
... there. It is widely accepted that macromolecular signals such as TFs and small non-coding RNA (sRNAs) act as mobile signals that are actively and selectively transported to target cells through PD to specify their fates [18]. Around twenty years ago, the first mobile signal moving between cells via ...
Shock
... Definition of Shock “The collapse and progressive failure of the cardiovascular system leading to an inadequate perfusion of the tissues.” • However -shock does not always require an overall drop in systemic blood pressure one can suffer from shock of an individual organ – like if a pulmonary embol ...
... Definition of Shock “The collapse and progressive failure of the cardiovascular system leading to an inadequate perfusion of the tissues.” • However -shock does not always require an overall drop in systemic blood pressure one can suffer from shock of an individual organ – like if a pulmonary embol ...
The lipid phosphatase LPP3 regulates extra
... membrane and intracellular organelles depending on cell type (Sciorra and Morris, 1999) and its transcription is stimulated by epidermal growth factor (Kai et al., 1997). LPP3 corresponds to the previously identified gene product of Dri42 from rat (Barila et al., 1996) that is upregulated during int ...
... membrane and intracellular organelles depending on cell type (Sciorra and Morris, 1999) and its transcription is stimulated by epidermal growth factor (Kai et al., 1997). LPP3 corresponds to the previously identified gene product of Dri42 from rat (Barila et al., 1996) that is upregulated during int ...
Review Recycling the Cell Cycle: Cyclins Revisited
... with processes involved in cell division” and went on to suggest that the synthesis of this protein drove cells into mitosis and its destruction allowed cells to finish one cell cycle and begin the next. Time has proved him right. Cyclin’s discovery led to a model of the autonomous oscillator that d ...
... with processes involved in cell division” and went on to suggest that the synthesis of this protein drove cells into mitosis and its destruction allowed cells to finish one cell cycle and begin the next. Time has proved him right. Cyclin’s discovery led to a model of the autonomous oscillator that d ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
... their irreversible, highly specific binding. These bright, cellpermeable, spectrally diverse, fluorescent probes are ideal for microscopy of cells in culture (Lukinavicius et al., 2013). However, synthetic probes must be applied exogenously, making real-time in vivo protein tracking difficult. Metho ...
... their irreversible, highly specific binding. These bright, cellpermeable, spectrally diverse, fluorescent probes are ideal for microscopy of cells in culture (Lukinavicius et al., 2013). However, synthetic probes must be applied exogenously, making real-time in vivo protein tracking difficult. Metho ...
functional differentiation of enterocytes in the follicle
... been suggested that lymphocyte traffic across the FAE of mouse Peyer's patches can affect the morphology of columnar enterocytes so that they begin to transport antigens (Smith & Peacock, 1980; Smith & Peacock, 1982). But do lymphocytes actually have to cross cell layers in order to produce these ma ...
... been suggested that lymphocyte traffic across the FAE of mouse Peyer's patches can affect the morphology of columnar enterocytes so that they begin to transport antigens (Smith & Peacock, 1980; Smith & Peacock, 1982). But do lymphocytes actually have to cross cell layers in order to produce these ma ...
Lecture2
... chorion also is important for dissolving mineral from the shell and making it available to the chick for forming bones The first 4 days are a time of dramatic change. Mistakes sometimes occur in this process. If it is a serious mistake, the defect is lethal and the embryo dies. In the incubation pro ...
... chorion also is important for dissolving mineral from the shell and making it available to the chick for forming bones The first 4 days are a time of dramatic change. Mistakes sometimes occur in this process. If it is a serious mistake, the defect is lethal and the embryo dies. In the incubation pro ...
Salt-Induced Remodeling of Spatially Restricted
... et al., 2008). The percentage of mCherry-GPI foci that colocalized with CLC-GFP foci in the rotated images (37.64% 6 5.03%) was significantly lower than that in the original image (67.52% 6 7.58%; n = 1058 foci, P < 0.000001). Pearson’s coefficients for original and rotated images were 0.48 6 0.12 and ...
... et al., 2008). The percentage of mCherry-GPI foci that colocalized with CLC-GFP foci in the rotated images (37.64% 6 5.03%) was significantly lower than that in the original image (67.52% 6 7.58%; n = 1058 foci, P < 0.000001). Pearson’s coefficients for original and rotated images were 0.48 6 0.12 and ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.