Measurements of Single Molecules in Solution and Live Cells
... One of the reasons for exploring single molecules in solution or in a live cell is to ask whether behavior differs from one copy of a molecule to the next copy. Each molecule experiences its own environment that in turn influences its behavior. In addition, some molecules, such as enzymes, have diff ...
... One of the reasons for exploring single molecules in solution or in a live cell is to ask whether behavior differs from one copy of a molecule to the next copy. Each molecule experiences its own environment that in turn influences its behavior. In addition, some molecules, such as enzymes, have diff ...
Foxp3-positive macrophages display immunosuppressive properties
... with M2-MØ (Allavena et al., 2008). Collectively, these data indicate that various subpopulations of suppressive immune cells exist and are critical in regulating the immune responses and maintaining the homeostatic balance of the immune system (Belkaid, 2007; Belkaid and Oldenhove, 2008; Mortellaro ...
... with M2-MØ (Allavena et al., 2008). Collectively, these data indicate that various subpopulations of suppressive immune cells exist and are critical in regulating the immune responses and maintaining the homeostatic balance of the immune system (Belkaid, 2007; Belkaid and Oldenhove, 2008; Mortellaro ...
The Arabidopsis Rab5 Homologs Rha1 and Ara7 Localize to the
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
Neutrophils in the innate immune response
... ribosomes and mitochondria7. Azurophilic and specific granules are formed during the promyelocyte and myelocyte stages of differentiation, respectively7. As myeloid precursors become mature neutrophils, they sequentially acquire the receptors and proteins needed for innate host defense (reviewed by ...
... ribosomes and mitochondria7. Azurophilic and specific granules are formed during the promyelocyte and myelocyte stages of differentiation, respectively7. As myeloid precursors become mature neutrophils, they sequentially acquire the receptors and proteins needed for innate host defense (reviewed by ...
Eph receptor signaling in C. elegans
... C. elegans ephrins are called EFN-1/VAB-2, EFN-2, EFN-3, and EFN-4/MAB-26. efn-1 was identified as the vab-2 gene when an ephrin-like sequence mapped to the vab-2 locus (Chin-Sang et al., 1999). efn-2, efn-3, and efn-4 were identified by BLAST searches against the C. elegans genome (Wang et al., 199 ...
... C. elegans ephrins are called EFN-1/VAB-2, EFN-2, EFN-3, and EFN-4/MAB-26. efn-1 was identified as the vab-2 gene when an ephrin-like sequence mapped to the vab-2 locus (Chin-Sang et al., 1999). efn-2, efn-3, and efn-4 were identified by BLAST searches against the C. elegans genome (Wang et al., 199 ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan
... chromosomal circular forms of rDNA known as ERCs, which can replicate during S-phase but are inefficiently segregated to daughter cells. As a result, the abundance of ERCs increases exponentially in mother cells at a rate determined by cell division, until they reach more than 1000 copies. The mecha ...
... chromosomal circular forms of rDNA known as ERCs, which can replicate during S-phase but are inefficiently segregated to daughter cells. As a result, the abundance of ERCs increases exponentially in mother cells at a rate determined by cell division, until they reach more than 1000 copies. The mecha ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis
... chromosomal circular forms of rDNA known as ERCs, which can replicate during S-phase but are inefficiently segregated to daughter cells. As a result, the abundance of ERCs increases exponentially in mother cells at a rate determined by cell division, until they reach more than 1000 copies. The mecha ...
... chromosomal circular forms of rDNA known as ERCs, which can replicate during S-phase but are inefficiently segregated to daughter cells. As a result, the abundance of ERCs increases exponentially in mother cells at a rate determined by cell division, until they reach more than 1000 copies. The mecha ...
The Ultrastructure of Megakaryocytes and Blood
... were all associated together in the intermediate and inner zones. Ribosomes contain ribonucleoprotein, which in many cells serves as a template for protein synthesis (Palade and Siekevitz, '56). Thus, in megakaryocytes, ribosomes may be concerned not only with the production of new granules but also ...
... were all associated together in the intermediate and inner zones. Ribosomes contain ribonucleoprotein, which in many cells serves as a template for protein synthesis (Palade and Siekevitz, '56). Thus, in megakaryocytes, ribosomes may be concerned not only with the production of new granules but also ...
Cathepsin D released by lactating rat mammary epithelial cells is
... extracts from rat mammary tissue (Baldocchi et al., 1992) and by microsomal pellets from MCF-7 cells (Khurana et al., 1999), and it was suggested that the 16 kDa PRL was generated by CD within the lysosomes. Huge quantities of pituitary PRL is released in the circulation at each milking during lacta ...
... extracts from rat mammary tissue (Baldocchi et al., 1992) and by microsomal pellets from MCF-7 cells (Khurana et al., 1999), and it was suggested that the 16 kDa PRL was generated by CD within the lysosomes. Huge quantities of pituitary PRL is released in the circulation at each milking during lacta ...
Synthesis, in Vitro Anti-Breast Cancer Activity, and Intracellular
... cisplatin, methotrexate, or 5-fluorouracil, for the treatment of advanced colon cancer.3-7 However, the role of AZT as an antineoplastic agent has not been determined. It has been postulated that the mechanism of action of AZT may be associated with its conversion to AZT-TP, followed by its incorpor ...
... cisplatin, methotrexate, or 5-fluorouracil, for the treatment of advanced colon cancer.3-7 However, the role of AZT as an antineoplastic agent has not been determined. It has been postulated that the mechanism of action of AZT may be associated with its conversion to AZT-TP, followed by its incorpor ...
A Trojan Horse in Drug Development: Targeting of Thapsigargins
... disease, the estimated doubling times clearly must be underestimates. On the other hand, the findings explain why only a fraction of men carrying latent prostate cancer actually have symptoms and most die from other causes before the cancer develops [7]. A further implication of the slow growth is t ...
... disease, the estimated doubling times clearly must be underestimates. On the other hand, the findings explain why only a fraction of men carrying latent prostate cancer actually have symptoms and most die from other causes before the cancer develops [7]. A further implication of the slow growth is t ...
Lesson Overview - Enfield High School
... Today, scientists use evolutionary relationships to place organisms into the appropriate taxonomic group. Evolutionary relationships include characteristics such as structural similarities, breeding behavior, geographic distribution, chromosome comparison, and biochemistry. ...
... Today, scientists use evolutionary relationships to place organisms into the appropriate taxonomic group. Evolutionary relationships include characteristics such as structural similarities, breeding behavior, geographic distribution, chromosome comparison, and biochemistry. ...
Neural Activity in Primary Motor Cortex Related to Mechanical Loads
... movement, several studies illustrate that other factors related to the motor periphery often influence cell discharge (Kalaska et al. 1989; Scott and Kalaska 1997; see also Kakei et al. 1999). ...
... movement, several studies illustrate that other factors related to the motor periphery often influence cell discharge (Kalaska et al. 1989; Scott and Kalaska 1997; see also Kakei et al. 1999). ...
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... in apoptosis might therefore be tissue-specific (reviewed by Sherr and McCormick, 2002). The genetic analysis of the role of mammalian Rb in apoptosis has been hampered by the fact that apart from Rb, two Rb-like genes [p107 (Rbl1) and p130 (Rbl2)] exist. Furthermore, mammals have at least three Dp- ...
... in apoptosis might therefore be tissue-specific (reviewed by Sherr and McCormick, 2002). The genetic analysis of the role of mammalian Rb in apoptosis has been hampered by the fact that apart from Rb, two Rb-like genes [p107 (Rbl1) and p130 (Rbl2)] exist. Furthermore, mammals have at least three Dp- ...
Ligation of tumour-produced mucins to CD22 dramatically impairs
... anti-CD16/32 Ab (BD Biosciences) to block Fc receptors. CD22expressing B-cells, CD1d-expressing MZ B-cells and sinus lining cells were detected by successive incubation with biotinylated anti-mouse CD22 mAb (Southern Biotechnologies) and Alexa 594-labelled streptavidin (Invitrogen), anti-mouse CD1d ...
... anti-CD16/32 Ab (BD Biosciences) to block Fc receptors. CD22expressing B-cells, CD1d-expressing MZ B-cells and sinus lining cells were detected by successive incubation with biotinylated anti-mouse CD22 mAb (Southern Biotechnologies) and Alexa 594-labelled streptavidin (Invitrogen), anti-mouse CD1d ...
hepatitis c virus entry: molecular mechanisms and - HAL
... to the formation of a fusion pore (6, 71). Recent studies ...
... to the formation of a fusion pore (6, 71). Recent studies ...
Positional Information and the Spatial Pattern of Cellular
... because it exerts its control through the establishment of a field" (Huxley & de Beer, 1934). These concepts have been extended in detail, and while being useful in that they are applicable to a large variety of systems, they also illustrate the essential weakness of gradient-field concepts. These a ...
... because it exerts its control through the establishment of a field" (Huxley & de Beer, 1934). These concepts have been extended in detail, and while being useful in that they are applicable to a large variety of systems, they also illustrate the essential weakness of gradient-field concepts. These a ...
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[Project Name] Post
... In vitro biocompatibility studies in cultured bone cells showed that CP is not cytotoxic, independently of the phosphate content. However, CP promoted poor rates of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, which were attributed to the negative charge, associated with the high hydrophilici ...
... In vitro biocompatibility studies in cultured bone cells showed that CP is not cytotoxic, independently of the phosphate content. However, CP promoted poor rates of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, which were attributed to the negative charge, associated with the high hydrophilici ...
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... screen for injected mRNAs with the ability to induce secondary head structures in Xenopus (Bell et al., 2003). Maternal Coco controls germ layer specification by inhibition of Activin, Nodal, and BMP signaling (Bates et al., 2013). Zygotic Coco expression, by contrast, is involved in proper specific ...
... screen for injected mRNAs with the ability to induce secondary head structures in Xenopus (Bell et al., 2003). Maternal Coco controls germ layer specification by inhibition of Activin, Nodal, and BMP signaling (Bates et al., 2013). Zygotic Coco expression, by contrast, is involved in proper specific ...
an enzyme-coupled biosensor enables (S)
... starting point for enzyme mutagenesis. Although we expected this search to involve screening large variant libraries from cDNA or bioinformatic curation, we fortuitously found an acceptable candidate without resorting to these techniques. We note that future work to screen such libraries with our en ...
... starting point for enzyme mutagenesis. Although we expected this search to involve screening large variant libraries from cDNA or bioinformatic curation, we fortuitously found an acceptable candidate without resorting to these techniques. We note that future work to screen such libraries with our en ...
The functional basis of adaptive evolution in chemostats
... abundance of a single essential nutrient ensuring that cells are maintained in a ‘hungry’ (Ferenci, 2001) or ‘poor, not starving’ (Saldanha et al., 2004) state. The population size in a steady-state chemostat remains constant, and all environmental factors are essentially invariant. Thus, despite th ...
... abundance of a single essential nutrient ensuring that cells are maintained in a ‘hungry’ (Ferenci, 2001) or ‘poor, not starving’ (Saldanha et al., 2004) state. The population size in a steady-state chemostat remains constant, and all environmental factors are essentially invariant. Thus, despite th ...
Protists Cells: Grow and Develop:
... their food. Other Protists are Photoautotrophs that make their own food from the sunlight. Algea is a great example of a photautotroph. Unlike the bacteria kingdoms scientists do not know of any Protists that are Chemoautotrophs. The photoautotrophs are very similar to plants. They have chloroplasts ...
... their food. Other Protists are Photoautotrophs that make their own food from the sunlight. Algea is a great example of a photautotroph. Unlike the bacteria kingdoms scientists do not know of any Protists that are Chemoautotrophs. The photoautotrophs are very similar to plants. They have chloroplasts ...
The maize mutant narrow sheath fails to establish
... internode lengths are normal in upper internodes, they remain curved as compared to wild type (left). ...
... internode lengths are normal in upper internodes, they remain curved as compared to wild type (left). ...