A motif of eleven amino acids is a structural adaptation that
... paralogs (Franchini and Elgoyhen, 2006; Rajagopalan et al., 2006; Okoruwa et al., 2008; Elgoyhen and Franchini, 2011). Based on the fact that motor capability is an innovation of mammalian prestin, we predict that the structural innovation underlying motor function in eutherian prestin evolved from ...
... paralogs (Franchini and Elgoyhen, 2006; Rajagopalan et al., 2006; Okoruwa et al., 2008; Elgoyhen and Franchini, 2011). Based on the fact that motor capability is an innovation of mammalian prestin, we predict that the structural innovation underlying motor function in eutherian prestin evolved from ...
Numerical simulation of morphogenetic movements in
... the success of the global plan. Cells can for sure be included in this category. A cell is like a ”social being”: alone, even if extremely intelligent, it can not completely express itself, but together with other cells it can do unbelievable things. They are able to divide, proliferate, migrate and ...
... the success of the global plan. Cells can for sure be included in this category. A cell is like a ”social being”: alone, even if extremely intelligent, it can not completely express itself, but together with other cells it can do unbelievable things. They are able to divide, proliferate, migrate and ...
A Pd8 Tetrafacial Molecular Barrel as Carrier for Water Insoluble
... and functions of various cellular processes. The foremost important factors associated with a cell imaging fluorophore are membrane permeability, cell viability, solubility, and stability.15 Various probes have been developed for this purpose from simple organic dyes to metal−ligand complexes.16 Howe ...
... and functions of various cellular processes. The foremost important factors associated with a cell imaging fluorophore are membrane permeability, cell viability, solubility, and stability.15 Various probes have been developed for this purpose from simple organic dyes to metal−ligand complexes.16 Howe ...
Anti-bacteria and In Vivo Tumor Treatment by Reactive Oxygen
... then 200-L fresh culture medium supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin were added into the wells. Subsequently, the solution of CCK-8 (20 L) was added to the wells followed by incubation for 4 h at 37 oC in a humified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Finally ...
... then 200-L fresh culture medium supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin were added into the wells. Subsequently, the solution of CCK-8 (20 L) was added to the wells followed by incubation for 4 h at 37 oC in a humified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Finally ...
Endothelial cell response to different mechanical forces
... temporal pattern of ERK 1/2 activation induced by 8A2 was much slower than that seen on exposure of ECs to shear stress in their paper, it has a pattern similar to cyclic strain as shown in our current study. Taken together, these reports suggest that integrins are likely candidates as mechanorecept ...
... temporal pattern of ERK 1/2 activation induced by 8A2 was much slower than that seen on exposure of ECs to shear stress in their paper, it has a pattern similar to cyclic strain as shown in our current study. Taken together, these reports suggest that integrins are likely candidates as mechanorecept ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... the shells of crustaceans and fungal cell walls. It is the deacetylated form of chitin and is made up of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine. CH is found to possess several properties such as antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and biocompatibility, making it suitable for use in biomedical ...
... the shells of crustaceans and fungal cell walls. It is the deacetylated form of chitin and is made up of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine. CH is found to possess several properties such as antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and biocompatibility, making it suitable for use in biomedical ...
Det här verket är upphovrättskyddat enligt Lagen (1960
... seems to exist a reabsorption by micropinocytosis. Thus, after injection of label into the follicle lumen in vivo the label can be detected in caveolae connected with the apical plasma membrane and in small vesicles in the apical cell region within a few minutes (38, 41). The recent observation on c ...
... seems to exist a reabsorption by micropinocytosis. Thus, after injection of label into the follicle lumen in vivo the label can be detected in caveolae connected with the apical plasma membrane and in small vesicles in the apical cell region within a few minutes (38, 41). The recent observation on c ...
THE PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INACTIVATION OF
... Macrophage Suspensions.--Mononucleax cell exudates were produced in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits by the injection of 50 ml. of sterile heavy mineral oil. The content of granulocytes in exudates produced in this way varies with the time of harvest and the irritant properties of the oil. Some exud ...
... Macrophage Suspensions.--Mononucleax cell exudates were produced in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits by the injection of 50 ml. of sterile heavy mineral oil. The content of granulocytes in exudates produced in this way varies with the time of harvest and the irritant properties of the oil. Some exud ...
ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST PROPRANOLOL AS A NOVEL, EFFECTIVE SPERMICIDE: AN NMR STUDY Research Article
... Motility analysis: The effect of drug molecules on sperm motility was tested using the Sander‐Cramer test18. Semen samples were previously incubated with Tyrode medium (control) or with the required quantity of drug solution for 30 minutes. 50μL of this sam ...
... Motility analysis: The effect of drug molecules on sperm motility was tested using the Sander‐Cramer test18. Semen samples were previously incubated with Tyrode medium (control) or with the required quantity of drug solution for 30 minutes. 50μL of this sam ...
Mosses as model systems for the study of metabolism and
... to cytokinin, has been demonstrated in more than 20 species of moss (28) including P. patens (4). Cytokinin treatment of P. patens induces a large increase in gametophore production resulting from the formation of buds on caulonemal filaments, and also in some cases chloronemal filaments (4, 97). T ...
... to cytokinin, has been demonstrated in more than 20 species of moss (28) including P. patens (4). Cytokinin treatment of P. patens induces a large increase in gametophore production resulting from the formation of buds on caulonemal filaments, and also in some cases chloronemal filaments (4, 97). T ...
Lysosomal Function and Dysfunction
... with LMP in a physiological cell death paradigm. Whether these findings can aid the search for new therapies for mammary tumors remains to be demonstrated. While caspases are activated during mammary gland involution, postlactation regression proceeds as normal in caspase-deficient animals, suggesti ...
... with LMP in a physiological cell death paradigm. Whether these findings can aid the search for new therapies for mammary tumors remains to be demonstrated. While caspases are activated during mammary gland involution, postlactation regression proceeds as normal in caspase-deficient animals, suggesti ...
Genetic Analysis of Female Gametophyte Development and Function
... The gray areas represent cytoplasm, the white areas represent vacuoles, and the black areas represent nuclei. AC, antipodal cells; CC, central cell; Ch, chalazal region of the ovule; EC, egg cell; F, funiculus; Mp, micropyle; SC, synergid cell; SEN, secondary endosperm nucleus. ...
... The gray areas represent cytoplasm, the white areas represent vacuoles, and the black areas represent nuclei. AC, antipodal cells; CC, central cell; Ch, chalazal region of the ovule; EC, egg cell; F, funiculus; Mp, micropyle; SC, synergid cell; SEN, secondary endosperm nucleus. ...
In-Cell Solid-State NMR - Institut de Biologie Physico
... limitation: the short period of time before the sample irreversibly degrades. With some rare exceptions, in-cell solid-state NMR is often performed at low temperature to preserve the integrity of the membrane, and in certain cases, cellular samples are even frozen or lyophilized, which makes it impo ...
... limitation: the short period of time before the sample irreversibly degrades. With some rare exceptions, in-cell solid-state NMR is often performed at low temperature to preserve the integrity of the membrane, and in certain cases, cellular samples are even frozen or lyophilized, which makes it impo ...
Evolution of the vertebrate skeleton: morphology, embryology, and
... quite independently from each other. It is true that, in some cases, exposed endo- and exoskeletal elements become fused into a single element during ontogeny, as seen in the ontogenetic fusion between endoskeletal costal plates and exoskeletal peripherals to form the carapace in turtles, and in the ...
... quite independently from each other. It is true that, in some cases, exposed endo- and exoskeletal elements become fused into a single element during ontogeny, as seen in the ontogenetic fusion between endoskeletal costal plates and exoskeletal peripherals to form the carapace in turtles, and in the ...
Mitochondrial behaviour throughout the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma
... a central role in this process. We assessed mitochondrial morphology in response to treatment with the microtubule destabilization agent Oryzalin. Fixed cell microscopy showed that while this treatment results in irregular mitochondrion morphology, the results were distinct from the above described ...
... a central role in this process. We assessed mitochondrial morphology in response to treatment with the microtubule destabilization agent Oryzalin. Fixed cell microscopy showed that while this treatment results in irregular mitochondrion morphology, the results were distinct from the above described ...
effects of light on photosynthesis, grazing, and population dynamics
... graze R. sp. until prey concentrations reached low levels ( 0.1 RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. w ...
... graze R. sp. until prey concentrations reached low levels ( 0.1 RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. w ...
Enhanced intracellular Ca concentrations in and after addition
... supplemented with oligosaccharide elicitors had higher hyphal tip numbers compared to control cultures. Enhancement of penicillin G in elicited cultures may be related to the morphological changes caused by the elicitation (Radman et al. 2004). Elicitors also effect the transcription of genes for an ...
... supplemented with oligosaccharide elicitors had higher hyphal tip numbers compared to control cultures. Enhancement of penicillin G in elicited cultures may be related to the morphological changes caused by the elicitation (Radman et al. 2004). Elicitors also effect the transcription of genes for an ...
Leaf Epidermal Morphology and Its Systematic Implications in
... three families, Adiantaceae, Parkeriaceae, and Pteridaceae (Huang et al., 1994). Chinese Flora (Ching and Shing, 1990) classified these Taiwan plants into six families: Acrostichaceae, Adiantaceae, Hemionitidaceae, Parkeriaceae, Pteridaceae, and Sinopteridaceae. Recently, studies using molecular (Ga ...
... three families, Adiantaceae, Parkeriaceae, and Pteridaceae (Huang et al., 1994). Chinese Flora (Ching and Shing, 1990) classified these Taiwan plants into six families: Acrostichaceae, Adiantaceae, Hemionitidaceae, Parkeriaceae, Pteridaceae, and Sinopteridaceae. Recently, studies using molecular (Ga ...
Tcf7l1 protects the anterior neural fold from adopting the neural crest
... differentiation; however, they do not clarify the role of Wnts in NC induction and specification. The apparent inconsistency might be explained in two ways: (1) the signaling pathway network governing NC induction and specification differs between mouse and other species (Barriga et al., 2015); or ( ...
... differentiation; however, they do not clarify the role of Wnts in NC induction and specification. The apparent inconsistency might be explained in two ways: (1) the signaling pathway network governing NC induction and specification differs between mouse and other species (Barriga et al., 2015); or ( ...
Lysenin: A sphingomyelin specific pore
... in the plasma membrane, especially the outer leaflet. Sphingomyelin metabolites play important roles as second messengers in signal transduction events during development and differentiation [4]. Sphingomyelin is also a major component of sphingolipid/ cholesterol-rich membrane domains, called lipid ...
... in the plasma membrane, especially the outer leaflet. Sphingomyelin metabolites play important roles as second messengers in signal transduction events during development and differentiation [4]. Sphingomyelin is also a major component of sphingolipid/ cholesterol-rich membrane domains, called lipid ...
Epithelial and Stromal Developmental Patterns in a Novel Substitute
... even substitution of the damaged tissues, and plastic surgeons are often confronted with a shortage of skin to replace the excised tissues. In fact, the surgical treatment of extensive affections of the skin depends on the use of skin flaps or grafting from nonaffected donor areas, which are not alw ...
... even substitution of the damaged tissues, and plastic surgeons are often confronted with a shortage of skin to replace the excised tissues. In fact, the surgical treatment of extensive affections of the skin depends on the use of skin flaps or grafting from nonaffected donor areas, which are not alw ...
PDF
... neural plate; Cfl1C5, 274±78 cells; n=6 embryos each genotype; mean±s.d.). It has been shown that mutations in cofilin can slow cytokinesis (Chen and Pollard, 2011; Mendes Pinto et al., 2012). Based on BrdU incorporation, we found that the proliferative index was the same in WT and mutants (suppleme ...
... neural plate; Cfl1C5, 274±78 cells; n=6 embryos each genotype; mean±s.d.). It has been shown that mutations in cofilin can slow cytokinesis (Chen and Pollard, 2011; Mendes Pinto et al., 2012). Based on BrdU incorporation, we found that the proliferative index was the same in WT and mutants (suppleme ...
Vertebrate somitogenesis: a novel paradigm for animal segmentation?
... Fig. 1. (A) Schematized view of the somitogenesis process in vertebrates. Such a scheme also applies for segmentation of many invertebrate species. (B) Progressive segment formation during embryogenesis. Vertebrates and many invertebrates produce their segments in this way. Abbreviations: A, anterio ...
... Fig. 1. (A) Schematized view of the somitogenesis process in vertebrates. Such a scheme also applies for segmentation of many invertebrate species. (B) Progressive segment formation during embryogenesis. Vertebrates and many invertebrates produce their segments in this way. Abbreviations: A, anterio ...
Re-establishing the avian body plan - Development
... LBIs were used. These were constructed at stage 3a/b and the two LBIs obtained from each blastoderm were left interconnected cranially (Fig. 1C). The blastoderm 250 µm adjacent to the primitive streak was removed on the ‘left’ side, but it was kept undisturbed on the ‘right’ side. Because the adjace ...
... LBIs were used. These were constructed at stage 3a/b and the two LBIs obtained from each blastoderm were left interconnected cranially (Fig. 1C). The blastoderm 250 µm adjacent to the primitive streak was removed on the ‘left’ side, but it was kept undisturbed on the ‘right’ side. Because the adjace ...