Fear conditioning, synaptic plasticity and the amygdala
... precipitation of PTSD. In fact one of the most critical current questions is why some trauma victims develop PTSD (between 5 and 30%) [1,3,4] whereas others experiencing the same trauma appear to be resilient. In addition, those who meet the criteria for PTSD vary widely in their symptom severity an ...
... precipitation of PTSD. In fact one of the most critical current questions is why some trauma victims develop PTSD (between 5 and 30%) [1,3,4] whereas others experiencing the same trauma appear to be resilient. In addition, those who meet the criteria for PTSD vary widely in their symptom severity an ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
Slides - Computational Brain Imaging Group
... • In a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation test, the neurologic signature accurately predicted continuous pain ratings, with a mean (including ±SD) error of 0.96 ± 0.33 points on the 9-point VAS and a prediction-outcome correlation coefficient of 0.74 (Refer to Fig. 1B) • The signature response i ...
... • In a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation test, the neurologic signature accurately predicted continuous pain ratings, with a mean (including ±SD) error of 0.96 ± 0.33 points on the 9-point VAS and a prediction-outcome correlation coefficient of 0.74 (Refer to Fig. 1B) • The signature response i ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... At the functional level, some animal lesion and electrophysiological data suggest that the subregions within MTL differentially contribute to recognition (9). For example, relative to hippocampal insult, lesions of perirhinal cortex in monkeys yield a more severe impairment in object recognition per ...
... At the functional level, some animal lesion and electrophysiological data suggest that the subregions within MTL differentially contribute to recognition (9). For example, relative to hippocampal insult, lesions of perirhinal cortex in monkeys yield a more severe impairment in object recognition per ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the corresponding affective percepts and the latter can be divided according to the same four criteria. The division of affective percepts according to criteria 1 and ...
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the corresponding affective percepts and the latter can be divided according to the same four criteria. The division of affective percepts according to criteria 1 and ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... functions. However, these reports tend to focus on modulation of activity during delivery of appetitive and aversive outcomes. Much less is known about modulation by salience during sampling of cues that predict outcomes. Notably, modulation of amygdala firing for cues that predict appetitive and av ...
... functions. However, these reports tend to focus on modulation of activity during delivery of appetitive and aversive outcomes. Much less is known about modulation by salience during sampling of cues that predict outcomes. Notably, modulation of amygdala firing for cues that predict appetitive and av ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... lesions were made at various rostral-caudal positions in the MGB identified with the silicon probe. FRAs were measured at different insertion depths with a tungsten microelectrode, and small lesions were made by passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to ...
... lesions were made at various rostral-caudal positions in the MGB identified with the silicon probe. FRAs were measured at different insertion depths with a tungsten microelectrode, and small lesions were made by passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
... monkeysafter nerve crush and regeneration reveal maps that not only are totally normal (Figure IF), but when the same monkeyis recorded both before and after nerve crush and regeneration, individual features of the mapsreturn (Wall et al 1983). These results demonstrate that nerve regeneration after ...
... monkeysafter nerve crush and regeneration reveal maps that not only are totally normal (Figure IF), but when the same monkeyis recorded both before and after nerve crush and regeneration, individual features of the mapsreturn (Wall et al 1983). These results demonstrate that nerve regeneration after ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... • MMN is a human scalp recorded event related potential (ERP) component elicited by a sound which deviates from a repeating pattern of recent sounds, and thought to be generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play ...
... • MMN is a human scalp recorded event related potential (ERP) component elicited by a sound which deviates from a repeating pattern of recent sounds, and thought to be generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... of stimulus input. After stimulus discrimination and GO/ NO-GO decision, movement execution proceeds unimpeded in the GO condition, whereas the motor system is restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly sup ...
... of stimulus input. After stimulus discrimination and GO/ NO-GO decision, movement execution proceeds unimpeded in the GO condition, whereas the motor system is restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly sup ...
Patterns of sensory intermodality relationships in the cerebral cortex
... In the tangential section, primary somatosensory cortex (Sl) and area S2 are recognized by their typical myelin dense appearance (Fig. 1A). The border between these two areas was determined according to Nissl stain cytoarchitecture (Welker, '71, '76; Welker and Sinha, '721, and by the lateral callos ...
... In the tangential section, primary somatosensory cortex (Sl) and area S2 are recognized by their typical myelin dense appearance (Fig. 1A). The border between these two areas was determined according to Nissl stain cytoarchitecture (Welker, '71, '76; Welker and Sinha, '721, and by the lateral callos ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... It is widely accepted that the amygdala is important for the recognition of negative, unpleasant emotions, such as fear, and for associating environmental stimuli with emotionally charged, aversive sensory inputs. Recent reviews of the neuropsychology of the amygdala have focused largely on its role ...
... It is widely accepted that the amygdala is important for the recognition of negative, unpleasant emotions, such as fear, and for associating environmental stimuli with emotionally charged, aversive sensory inputs. Recent reviews of the neuropsychology of the amygdala have focused largely on its role ...
the amygdala and reward
... It is widely accepted that the amygdala is important for the recognition of negative, unpleasant emotions, such as fear, and for associating environmental stimuli with emotionally charged, aversive sensory inputs. Recent reviews of the neuropsychology of the amygdala have focused largely on its role ...
... It is widely accepted that the amygdala is important for the recognition of negative, unpleasant emotions, such as fear, and for associating environmental stimuli with emotionally charged, aversive sensory inputs. Recent reviews of the neuropsychology of the amygdala have focused largely on its role ...
20356-46231-3-SP - Scandinavian Journal of Child and
... BPD. Structural imaging studies revealed abnormalities predominantly in frontolimbic areas according to studies in clinical samples of adults with BPD. Disturbances in emotion information processing, particularly of negative stimuli, might mediate affective dysregulation as a core feature of BPD. Ge ...
... BPD. Structural imaging studies revealed abnormalities predominantly in frontolimbic areas according to studies in clinical samples of adults with BPD. Disturbances in emotion information processing, particularly of negative stimuli, might mediate affective dysregulation as a core feature of BPD. Ge ...
Modulation of early cortical processing during divided attention to
... owing to the low temporal resolution of the methods employed, these studies are not suitable for investigating whether or not any cost involved in splitting the spotlight might impact on the precise temporal locus of attention, i.e. whether the modulation might occur during initial feedforward proce ...
... owing to the low temporal resolution of the methods employed, these studies are not suitable for investigating whether or not any cost involved in splitting the spotlight might impact on the precise temporal locus of attention, i.e. whether the modulation might occur during initial feedforward proce ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discriminating whether a retrieval cue is eliciting a memory of a face or an object when both types of content are associated with it, even whe ...
... visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discriminating whether a retrieval cue is eliciting a memory of a face or an object when both types of content are associated with it, even whe ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe are consistently activated by bimodal speech signals and often show enhanced activity over unimodally induced signals (Calvert et al., 2000; Callan et al., 2003; Wright et al., 2003). Furthermore, a recent study in rhesus monkeys has confirmed such integration in ...
... temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe are consistently activated by bimodal speech signals and often show enhanced activity over unimodally induced signals (Calvert et al., 2000; Callan et al., 2003; Wright et al., 2003). Furthermore, a recent study in rhesus monkeys has confirmed such integration in ...
Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the
... University Global Center of Excellence grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We thank Dr. Adam Phillips for assistance. ...
... University Global Center of Excellence grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We thank Dr. Adam Phillips for assistance. ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as well as to other sites involved in circadian rhythms including the dorsomedial nucleus and subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus. These results, coup ...
... hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as well as to other sites involved in circadian rhythms including the dorsomedial nucleus and subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus. These results, coup ...
Feeling others` painful actions: The sensorimotor
... (grasps) and those that do not (withdrawals). Some somatosensory regions should then show increased activation for observed grasps, irrespective of whether the object is painful or not (the main effect of grasps vs. withdrawals). However, if certain somatosensory areas have an integrative role in re ...
... (grasps) and those that do not (withdrawals). Some somatosensory regions should then show increased activation for observed grasps, irrespective of whether the object is painful or not (the main effect of grasps vs. withdrawals). However, if certain somatosensory areas have an integrative role in re ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... found that the distribution of gamma power following an attention-directing cue was maximal over parieto-occipital sites. The range of frequencies included within the gamma band is quite large, however, and Vidal, Chaumon, O’Regan, and TallonBaudry (2006) found evidence that visual grouping and sele ...
... found that the distribution of gamma power following an attention-directing cue was maximal over parieto-occipital sites. The range of frequencies included within the gamma band is quite large, however, and Vidal, Chaumon, O’Regan, and TallonBaudry (2006) found evidence that visual grouping and sele ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... each subregion receives information from different sensory and polymodal cortices and integrates the information it receives in intrinsic associational connections, in a hierarchical system from the PRc and PHc to the ERc, and from the ERc to the hippocampus (Mishkin et al. 1983, 1997; Lavenex and A ...
... each subregion receives information from different sensory and polymodal cortices and integrates the information it receives in intrinsic associational connections, in a hierarchical system from the PRc and PHc to the ERc, and from the ERc to the hippocampus (Mishkin et al. 1983, 1997; Lavenex and A ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... ciliary muscle (thin solid lines) originates in the diencephalon and travels down the spinal cord to the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments, to synapse in the spinociliary centre of Budge in the intermediolateral tract of the cord. From there, second-order nerves leave the cord by the last c ...
... ciliary muscle (thin solid lines) originates in the diencephalon and travels down the spinal cord to the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments, to synapse in the spinociliary centre of Budge in the intermediolateral tract of the cord. From there, second-order nerves leave the cord by the last c ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...