Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and
... See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used to constrain the registration (Van Essen et al., 2001b). Depending on the data source, this method was applied to comp ...
... See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used to constrain the registration (Van Essen et al., 2001b). Depending on the data source, this method was applied to comp ...
The Cytoarchitectonic Map of Constantin von Economo and Georg N
... and function are inseparable, if not identical, and only scholastic science has managed to separate them. . . Only a basis that is fundamentally biological, morphostructural and histophysiological at the same time, unified in an ample ontogenetic and phylogenetic context, can let us address in legit ...
... and function are inseparable, if not identical, and only scholastic science has managed to separate them. . . Only a basis that is fundamentally biological, morphostructural and histophysiological at the same time, unified in an ample ontogenetic and phylogenetic context, can let us address in legit ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... level (“target ⫹ mask”). In addition, we included separate “maskonly” and “target-only” trials (at 50% of maximum vibration level) for estimating the weights on the forward model (see below). All 12 possible stimuli (5 amplitude levels with mask absent, 5 amplitude conditions with target ⫹ mask, tar ...
... level (“target ⫹ mask”). In addition, we included separate “maskonly” and “target-only” trials (at 50% of maximum vibration level) for estimating the weights on the forward model (see below). All 12 possible stimuli (5 amplitude levels with mask absent, 5 amplitude conditions with target ⫹ mask, tar ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... lateral entorhinal cortex [49,50] and the agranular insular cortex [50]. Connectivity to these downstream targets differs between aPCx and pPCx, supporting the notion that they play different functions. Similarly, DCx is reciprocally connected to dorso-medial (DMCx) and medial (MCx) cortices [25,26 ...
... lateral entorhinal cortex [49,50] and the agranular insular cortex [50]. Connectivity to these downstream targets differs between aPCx and pPCx, supporting the notion that they play different functions. Similarly, DCx is reciprocally connected to dorso-medial (DMCx) and medial (MCx) cortices [25,26 ...
Title
... neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neurosci ...
... neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neurosci ...
download file
... Fig. 1. Neuronal networks involved in the emotional processing of the auditory stimuli. Auditory conditioned stimuli (≤80 dB, CS, continuous line) are received in the cochlear nucleus and sent to the ventral (VL) and intermediate (IL) nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and then to the inferior collicu ...
... Fig. 1. Neuronal networks involved in the emotional processing of the auditory stimuli. Auditory conditioned stimuli (≤80 dB, CS, continuous line) are received in the cochlear nucleus and sent to the ventral (VL) and intermediate (IL) nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and then to the inferior collicu ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ...
... Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
CEREBRAL ACTIVATION DURING THERMAL
... spinoreticular projections to various brainstem nuclei and the limbic structures. [33] From the limbic system the nociceptive stimulus is conducted to both right and left cerebral cortices, expressing most likely, a bilateral activation. A word of caution is in place here because there are several a ...
... spinoreticular projections to various brainstem nuclei and the limbic structures. [33] From the limbic system the nociceptive stimulus is conducted to both right and left cerebral cortices, expressing most likely, a bilateral activation. A word of caution is in place here because there are several a ...
Revised_BJP_MS_
... (Gonzalez et al., 2011; Jayamanne et al., 2006). Immediately following the administration of antagonists, rats received either JZL184 (10mg kg-1 in an injection volume of 2ml kg-1, generously received from Prof Benjamin Cravatt, Scripps Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) or vehicle (ethanol:cremophor:sal ...
... (Gonzalez et al., 2011; Jayamanne et al., 2006). Immediately following the administration of antagonists, rats received either JZL184 (10mg kg-1 in an injection volume of 2ml kg-1, generously received from Prof Benjamin Cravatt, Scripps Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) or vehicle (ethanol:cremophor:sal ...
NIH Public Access Emotional dysregulation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Author Manuscript
... regulatory activity when stimuli are negative rather than positive (89). In children with ADHD this ability to adjust top down regulation in response to different emotional stimuli was partially lost, based on physiological indicators of regulation. Another way to assess the recruitment of regulator ...
... regulatory activity when stimuli are negative rather than positive (89). In children with ADHD this ability to adjust top down regulation in response to different emotional stimuli was partially lost, based on physiological indicators of regulation. Another way to assess the recruitment of regulator ...
Title Modulation of Conditioned Fear, Fear
... Evidence suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is involved in pain, fear and fear-conditioned analgesia (FCA). In this study, we investigated the effects of intra-BLA administration of the GABA A receptor agonist, muscimol, on the expression of con ...
... Evidence suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is involved in pain, fear and fear-conditioned analgesia (FCA). In this study, we investigated the effects of intra-BLA administration of the GABA A receptor agonist, muscimol, on the expression of con ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... inhibitory interactions. Voluntary shifts of attention result from the influence of excitatory topdown signals representing the to-be-attended features of the scene. These bias the competition among neurons representing the scene, increasing the activity of neurons representing the to-beattended fe ...
... inhibitory interactions. Voluntary shifts of attention result from the influence of excitatory topdown signals representing the to-be-attended features of the scene. These bias the competition among neurons representing the scene, increasing the activity of neurons representing the to-beattended fe ...
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
... Although Pavlovian fear conditioning is a powerful model for understanding fear across species, it requires direct experience with an aversive event. In humans, many of our fears are learned through social means without direct aversive experience. For instance, a common phobia is fear of germs. Alth ...
... Although Pavlovian fear conditioning is a powerful model for understanding fear across species, it requires direct experience with an aversive event. In humans, many of our fears are learned through social means without direct aversive experience. For instance, a common phobia is fear of germs. Alth ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as distinct objects, persons, or places. The dorsal stream – transmitted through the parietal lobe – forms t ...
... These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as distinct objects, persons, or places. The dorsal stream – transmitted through the parietal lobe – forms t ...
Cortical Connectivity Suggests a Role in Limb
... Experiments were conducted in 5 hemispheres of 4 male adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, 3–7 kg). All experimental protocols were approved by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Bologna and complied with the European Directive 86/609/EEC and with the Directive of 22 September 2010 (2010/6 ...
... Experiments were conducted in 5 hemispheres of 4 male adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, 3–7 kg). All experimental protocols were approved by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Bologna and complied with the European Directive 86/609/EEC and with the Directive of 22 September 2010 (2010/6 ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... stimulus (contingency). Analysis of the conditions of learning reveals that rewards that are fully predicted do not contribute to learning [5]. Rather, the acquisition of associative strength of a conditioned stimulus depends on the discrepancy between the maximal associative strength sustained by t ...
... stimulus (contingency). Analysis of the conditions of learning reveals that rewards that are fully predicted do not contribute to learning [5]. Rather, the acquisition of associative strength of a conditioned stimulus depends on the discrepancy between the maximal associative strength sustained by t ...
Inferring a dual-stream model of mentalizing from associative white
... the RME and comic strip tasks, respectively. These tasks have been extensively characterized and often used in lesion and imaging studies. The RME perception-based identification task (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) consists of the presentation of 36 photographs of the eye region of human faces. Particip ...
... the RME and comic strip tasks, respectively. These tasks have been extensively characterized and often used in lesion and imaging studies. The RME perception-based identification task (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) consists of the presentation of 36 photographs of the eye region of human faces. Particip ...
Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch
... cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many different types of sound patterns, including both intrinsic spectrotempo ...
... cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many different types of sound patterns, including both intrinsic spectrotempo ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengage ...
... phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengage ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... and indices of handedness were also examined using Spearman rank order correlations. Finally, age was tested for possible effects on all variables; however, no significant effects were observed. Statistical significance was considered at a ¼ 0.05. Detailed results from these analyses are provided in ...
... and indices of handedness were also examined using Spearman rank order correlations. Finally, age was tested for possible effects on all variables; however, no significant effects were observed. Statistical significance was considered at a ¼ 0.05. Detailed results from these analyses are provided in ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... cortex, the tactile stimulation produced a larger increase than the other stimuli. It appears therefore that the cholinergic system responds with an activation to all types of external inputs, irrespective of the behavioral response. The relationship between stimulation and cholinergic response was ...
... cortex, the tactile stimulation produced a larger increase than the other stimuli. It appears therefore that the cholinergic system responds with an activation to all types of external inputs, irrespective of the behavioral response. The relationship between stimulation and cholinergic response was ...
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... brain region for the positive incentive value of rewards. Because neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor, the cognate receptor for substance P (SP), is highly expressed in the NAc, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in positive reward processing in the NAc in humans. Therefore, w ...
... brain region for the positive incentive value of rewards. Because neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor, the cognate receptor for substance P (SP), is highly expressed in the NAc, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in positive reward processing in the NAc in humans. Therefore, w ...
pre_print_Blunted_and_exaggerated_cardiac_stress_reactivity
... particularly within an individual difference framework emphasizing central motivational dysregulation. Thus, given the paucity of research characterizing the specific neural correlates of blunted physiological reactivity, the present study tested the hypothesis that individuals who exhibit one form ...
... particularly within an individual difference framework emphasizing central motivational dysregulation. Thus, given the paucity of research characterizing the specific neural correlates of blunted physiological reactivity, the present study tested the hypothesis that individuals who exhibit one form ...