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... Fig. 1. Distribution of the central autonomic nervous system that is reactive to emotional stress. (A) The left panels are the coronal sections of the rat brain showing the regions where significant expression of c-Fos was observed in response to IMO. Adult female Wistar rats were exposed to immobil ...
... Fig. 1. Distribution of the central autonomic nervous system that is reactive to emotional stress. (A) The left panels are the coronal sections of the rat brain showing the regions where significant expression of c-Fos was observed in response to IMO. Adult female Wistar rats were exposed to immobil ...
pathophysiology of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
... speed, verbal fluency, or visual spatial accuracy, findings that suggest that observed neuropsychological impairments are caused by specific, not generalized, deficits (51). Notably, neuropsychological studies have consistently found adults with ADHD to be impaired on measures of vigilance using the ...
... speed, verbal fluency, or visual spatial accuracy, findings that suggest that observed neuropsychological impairments are caused by specific, not generalized, deficits (51). Notably, neuropsychological studies have consistently found adults with ADHD to be impaired on measures of vigilance using the ...
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
... Studies on the neurobiology of extinction have been driven by the well-documented circuitry of conditioned fear. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare e ...
... Studies on the neurobiology of extinction have been driven by the well-documented circuitry of conditioned fear. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare e ...
The Olfactory System - Tim J. van Hartevelt
... cell population in the olfactory epithelium. The olfactory receptors are the only neurons that are inserted in the surface epithelium of the body and are, therefore, directly exposed to the environment. It is likely that this makes them more vulnerable to insult and necessitates their regenerative c ...
... cell population in the olfactory epithelium. The olfactory receptors are the only neurons that are inserted in the surface epithelium of the body and are, therefore, directly exposed to the environment. It is likely that this makes them more vulnerable to insult and necessitates their regenerative c ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... Most of the experimental literature that has addressed the topographical organization within the primary somatosensory, visual, auditory, and motor cortical areas (and association cortex as well) at high resolution shows that while neighboring neurons exhibit a remarkable uniformity from the standpo ...
... Most of the experimental literature that has addressed the topographical organization within the primary somatosensory, visual, auditory, and motor cortical areas (and association cortex as well) at high resolution shows that while neighboring neurons exhibit a remarkable uniformity from the standpo ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... by filling the hollow ear bars of the stereotaxic apparatus with betadine salve. We then calculated the stereotaxic coordinates for each injection in three dimensions using the interaural line as reference. Surgical procedures. One week after the MRI, the monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydr ...
... by filling the hollow ear bars of the stereotaxic apparatus with betadine salve. We then calculated the stereotaxic coordinates for each injection in three dimensions using the interaural line as reference. Surgical procedures. One week after the MRI, the monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydr ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... Successful regulation of the emotional response to a threat allows one to react more effectively under threatening conditions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala are key brain regions that mediate the regulation and expression of emotion. We employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate ...
... Successful regulation of the emotional response to a threat allows one to react more effectively under threatening conditions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala are key brain regions that mediate the regulation and expression of emotion. We employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... What makes this even more interesting is that the visual system needs only three genes to detect the color spectrum. The auditory system just requires a specialized physical structure – the cochlea, which is constructed via genes used for multiple other roles in development. “In the eye we can disc ...
... What makes this even more interesting is that the visual system needs only three genes to detect the color spectrum. The auditory system just requires a specialized physical structure – the cochlea, which is constructed via genes used for multiple other roles in development. “In the eye we can disc ...
SOP #11 Acoustic Startle and Pre
... The startle response is comprised of a constellation of reflexes elicited by sudden, relatively intense stimuli. It offers many advantages as a behavioral measure of central nervous system (CNS) activity and can be measured in numerous species, including humans, when elicited by acoustic (noise burs ...
... The startle response is comprised of a constellation of reflexes elicited by sudden, relatively intense stimuli. It offers many advantages as a behavioral measure of central nervous system (CNS) activity and can be measured in numerous species, including humans, when elicited by acoustic (noise burs ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... pharmacological treatment and implanted with electrodes for potential surgical treatment (18 patients, 129 regions recorded and hundreds of units, see Methods). The dataset includes brain recordings at different scales (scalp EEG, depth EEG, LFP and single-unit recordings), which gives us the possib ...
... pharmacological treatment and implanted with electrodes for potential surgical treatment (18 patients, 129 regions recorded and hundreds of units, see Methods). The dataset includes brain recordings at different scales (scalp EEG, depth EEG, LFP and single-unit recordings), which gives us the possib ...
FNIRS Measures of Prefrontal Cortex Lateralization During Stuttered
... habitual or everyday speaking task (2) AWS will present with reduced right-hemisphere PFC activation (leftward shift in laterality more similar to TS) during fluency-enhanced speech strategy tasks relative to a habitual speech task. Real-time stuttered speech measures using fNIRS indicated greater e ...
... habitual or everyday speaking task (2) AWS will present with reduced right-hemisphere PFC activation (leftward shift in laterality more similar to TS) during fluency-enhanced speech strategy tasks relative to a habitual speech task. Real-time stuttered speech measures using fNIRS indicated greater e ...
View/Open - DukeSpace
... The paradox of the SEF – that it seems so saccade related but is so blatantly unnecessary for generating saccades – and the early findings on multiple coordinate systems in the SEF inspired a new generation of experiments that have been very informative. This nascent research posits a higher level f ...
... The paradox of the SEF – that it seems so saccade related but is so blatantly unnecessary for generating saccades – and the early findings on multiple coordinate systems in the SEF inspired a new generation of experiments that have been very informative. This nascent research posits a higher level f ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... subjective tinnitus, the sound heard is not physically originated and can not be heard by others. The subjective tinnitus form, having higher prevalence than its objective form, is classified into many subgroups. The intensity and characteristics of every subgroup differ from each other. While they ...
... subjective tinnitus, the sound heard is not physically originated and can not be heard by others. The subjective tinnitus form, having higher prevalence than its objective form, is classified into many subgroups. The intensity and characteristics of every subgroup differ from each other. While they ...
1
... characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Converging data from different studies point to ADHD abnormalities in fronto-striatal circuits. Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. Ho ...
... characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Converging data from different studies point to ADHD abnormalities in fronto-striatal circuits. Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. Ho ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... could even be evoked under anesthesia. Two general observations emerged from this stimulation study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the initial posture. Second, the stimulationevoked movements ...
... could even be evoked under anesthesia. Two general observations emerged from this stimulation study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the initial posture. Second, the stimulationevoked movements ...
Curriculum Vitae - Laureate Institute for Brain Research
... I am a Professor in Residence in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and the Director of Telemental Health at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System (VASDHS). My research focuses on the interface between interoception, i.e. the processing of senso ...
... I am a Professor in Residence in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and the Director of Telemental Health at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System (VASDHS). My research focuses on the interface between interoception, i.e. the processing of senso ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
... dependent on intact GABA-A receptor activity, replicating in part a previous seizure study in cingulate cortex [13]. Focal application of bicuculline in one hemisphere produced local epileptiform events (EEs); when we simultaneously recorded single pyramidal neurons in whole-cell voltage-clamp mode ...
... dependent on intact GABA-A receptor activity, replicating in part a previous seizure study in cingulate cortex [13]. Focal application of bicuculline in one hemisphere produced local epileptiform events (EEs); when we simultaneously recorded single pyramidal neurons in whole-cell voltage-clamp mode ...
Emotional experiences of tension and suspense: psychological
... the close connection between musical tension and music-evoked emotion. A methodologically similar fMRI study investigating neural correlates of suspense evoked by a literary text found suspenseful text segments to be associated with activity in medial prefrontal, inferior frontal, as well as posteri ...
... the close connection between musical tension and music-evoked emotion. A methodologically similar fMRI study investigating neural correlates of suspense evoked by a literary text found suspenseful text segments to be associated with activity in medial prefrontal, inferior frontal, as well as posteri ...
... grey matter volume decreases in dopamine related regions also corroborate such deficits. Adults diagnosed with this disorder are likely to neuropsychological deficits involving working memory, attention and inhibitory control. The multiple pathway model proposed by Sonuga-Barke implicates at least t ...
Test #2
... 40. Draw a cross section of the spinal cord and discuss the anatomy of the spinal cord in cross section, including nuclear groups. You are not discuss the spinal tracts in this question. (10 points) 41. You are called to provide a neurological consultation to a General Practitioner in a local hospit ...
... 40. Draw a cross section of the spinal cord and discuss the anatomy of the spinal cord in cross section, including nuclear groups. You are not discuss the spinal tracts in this question. (10 points) 41. You are called to provide a neurological consultation to a General Practitioner in a local hospit ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... this area). Over this circuit, information flows bi-directionally between auditory-phonological representations located in the posterior temporal cortex, and articulatory-motor speech representations located in prefrontal and central regions, with area Spt effecting the translation between sensory a ...
... this area). Over this circuit, information flows bi-directionally between auditory-phonological representations located in the posterior temporal cortex, and articulatory-motor speech representations located in prefrontal and central regions, with area Spt effecting the translation between sensory a ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... latter. Interestingly, MGm-lesioned rats display high levels of freezing to both the CS+ and CS- even after an extinction session to the CS+, suggesting that this pathway might be important for discriminative fear by suppressing freezing to the neutral cues. Altogether the present findings point out ...
... latter. Interestingly, MGm-lesioned rats display high levels of freezing to both the CS+ and CS- even after an extinction session to the CS+, suggesting that this pathway might be important for discriminative fear by suppressing freezing to the neutral cues. Altogether the present findings point out ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... Prefrontal cortices have been implicated in autonomic function, but their role in this activity is not well understood. Orbital and medial prefrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions. Thus, the prefrontal cortex may be an essential link for aut ...
... Prefrontal cortices have been implicated in autonomic function, but their role in this activity is not well understood. Orbital and medial prefrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions. Thus, the prefrontal cortex may be an essential link for aut ...
amygdala projections to central amygdaloid nucleus subdivisions
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
The Auditory System
... hair cells are innervated by the peripheral processes of bipolar ganglion cells in the spiral ganglion. Their central processes form the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuc ...
... hair cells are innervated by the peripheral processes of bipolar ganglion cells in the spiral ganglion. Their central processes form the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuc ...