Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... intensity was set individually using a gradually increasing procedure to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The conditioning procedure was adapted from prior studies in our laborator ...
... intensity was set individually using a gradually increasing procedure to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The conditioning procedure was adapted from prior studies in our laborator ...
[PDF]
... was initially observed in task-based neuroimaging studies [5–10] that documented reduced activity across DMN regions during task conditions relative to a resting baseline. Given the nature of the fMRI signal and the potential sources of error, initial concerns arose that these deactivations were spu ...
... was initially observed in task-based neuroimaging studies [5–10] that documented reduced activity across DMN regions during task conditions relative to a resting baseline. Given the nature of the fMRI signal and the potential sources of error, initial concerns arose that these deactivations were spu ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... within the cerebellum. The archicerebellum, vermis, and fastigial nucleus are principally concerned with affective and autonomic regulation and emotionally relevant memory. The cerebellar hemispheres and dentate nucleus are concerned with executive, visual-spatial, language, and other mnemonic funct ...
... within the cerebellum. The archicerebellum, vermis, and fastigial nucleus are principally concerned with affective and autonomic regulation and emotionally relevant memory. The cerebellar hemispheres and dentate nucleus are concerned with executive, visual-spatial, language, and other mnemonic funct ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... those observed during the awake, behaving state [see review by Steriade (2000) and references therein]. Sensory stimulation and subsequent global activation were elicited by pinching the hindpaw for 15 s with serrated forceps that were driven by a standard pneumatic pressure, as described previously ...
... those observed during the awake, behaving state [see review by Steriade (2000) and references therein]. Sensory stimulation and subsequent global activation were elicited by pinching the hindpaw for 15 s with serrated forceps that were driven by a standard pneumatic pressure, as described previously ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... density of auditory connections along the caudal to rostral axis (Figure 2; Barbas and Mesulam, 1985). Within the caudal lateral prefrontal cortex, auditory input is relatively restricted to specific domains of rostral dorsal area 8 (Barbas and Mesulam, 1981) and areas 45 and 12 in the ventrolateral ...
... density of auditory connections along the caudal to rostral axis (Figure 2; Barbas and Mesulam, 1985). Within the caudal lateral prefrontal cortex, auditory input is relatively restricted to specific domains of rostral dorsal area 8 (Barbas and Mesulam, 1981) and areas 45 and 12 in the ventrolateral ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... ®eld appeared to be discontinuously represented within the area (Gattass et al., 1985). The central 30 ° of the retina was represented in three different parts of PO, two dorsally and one ventrally, so that Gattass and co-workers advanced the hypothesis that what they had called area PO `may be more ...
... ®eld appeared to be discontinuously represented within the area (Gattass et al., 1985). The central 30 ° of the retina was represented in three different parts of PO, two dorsally and one ventrally, so that Gattass and co-workers advanced the hypothesis that what they had called area PO `may be more ...
Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Following Delay
... expression were positively correlated with activity in the amygdala and ACC. The relationship between fear expression and ACC activity existed despite the fact that participants showed a similar level of contingency knowledge as measured with UCS expectancy. This study supports the idea that ACC act ...
... expression were positively correlated with activity in the amygdala and ACC. The relationship between fear expression and ACC activity existed despite the fact that participants showed a similar level of contingency knowledge as measured with UCS expectancy. This study supports the idea that ACC act ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... Figure 1-5: Origin of pallidal projections to M1, PMv, SMA, area 46, and area 9. ......... 17 Figure 1-6: Origin of nigral projections to the FEF, areas TE, 12, 9m, and 9l. ................ 17 Figure 1-7: Summary map of pallidal output channels. .................................................. 19 ...
... Figure 1-5: Origin of pallidal projections to M1, PMv, SMA, area 46, and area 9. ......... 17 Figure 1-6: Origin of nigral projections to the FEF, areas TE, 12, 9m, and 9l. ................ 17 Figure 1-7: Summary map of pallidal output channels. .................................................. 19 ...
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... being added to a pool of pre-existing ones, the issue is destined to become graver with time. A lack of treatment for mental disorders could be attributed to a major extent to a lack of definitive knowledge regarding the underlying disorder and its potential therapy. Instances where a working knowle ...
... being added to a pool of pre-existing ones, the issue is destined to become graver with time. A lack of treatment for mental disorders could be attributed to a major extent to a lack of definitive knowledge regarding the underlying disorder and its potential therapy. Instances where a working knowle ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... rates and behavioral performance, the evidence to date has been mixed as to whether voluntary visual attention primarily affects neural activity based on contrast1,3–6,10,11, response5,7–9 or activity7 gain. The three hypotheses have not previously been examined at the level of the neural population ...
... rates and behavioral performance, the evidence to date has been mixed as to whether voluntary visual attention primarily affects neural activity based on contrast1,3–6,10,11, response5,7–9 or activity7 gain. The three hypotheses have not previously been examined at the level of the neural population ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... reward value associative learning ventromedial prefrontal cortex olfaction multivoxel pattern analysis ...
... reward value associative learning ventromedial prefrontal cortex olfaction multivoxel pattern analysis ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... dorsolateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, ventromedial PFC, and left anterior insula. In contrast, potentiation of the threatrelated fMRI signal response was observed within left dorsolateral PFC, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and posterior insula. A negative relationship was observed between UCS expecta ...
... dorsolateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, ventromedial PFC, and left anterior insula. In contrast, potentiation of the threatrelated fMRI signal response was observed within left dorsolateral PFC, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and posterior insula. A negative relationship was observed between UCS expecta ...
Altered cortical and subcortical connectivity due to infrasound
... be processed by the auditory system, since the human hearing range is commonly quoted to only span frequencies from about 20 to 20000 Hz [1]. This view was supported by a number of studies conducted in animals as well as in humans demonstrating that the auditory system is equipped with several shun ...
... be processed by the auditory system, since the human hearing range is commonly quoted to only span frequencies from about 20 to 20000 Hz [1]. This view was supported by a number of studies conducted in animals as well as in humans demonstrating that the auditory system is equipped with several shun ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... normal daily functioning. Indeed most synesthetes report that their experiences are neutral, or even pleasant [15]. Rather, like color blindness or perfect pitch, synesthesia is a difference in perceptual experience and is referred to as a neurological condition to reflect the brain basis of this p ...
... normal daily functioning. Indeed most synesthetes report that their experiences are neutral, or even pleasant [15]. Rather, like color blindness or perfect pitch, synesthesia is a difference in perceptual experience and is referred to as a neurological condition to reflect the brain basis of this p ...
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control - Research
... It is now nearly 30 years since it was first demonstrated that rats are capable of encoding the consequences of their actions. In an investigation of the learning processes controlling instrumental conditioning in rats, Adams and Dickinson (1981) were able to demonstrate that, after they were traine ...
... It is now nearly 30 years since it was first demonstrated that rats are capable of encoding the consequences of their actions. In an investigation of the learning processes controlling instrumental conditioning in rats, Adams and Dickinson (1981) were able to demonstrate that, after they were traine ...
NORMATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AVERSIVE
... full complexity of anxiety disorders. To address this limitation, contemporary learning theories have emerged, which acknowledge organismic factors that affect conditioning in its role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, extant research on learning processes and associated ...
... full complexity of anxiety disorders. To address this limitation, contemporary learning theories have emerged, which acknowledge organismic factors that affect conditioning in its role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, extant research on learning processes and associated ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... neuroscientists need to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of emotion, and how they affect the rest of the brain. In this thesis, I examine one of the emotional subsystems, the fear system, using a detailed neurocomputational model. The fear system has been extensively studied; the key ...
... neuroscientists need to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of emotion, and how they affect the rest of the brain. In this thesis, I examine one of the emotional subsystems, the fear system, using a detailed neurocomputational model. The fear system has been extensively studied; the key ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... msec, in agreement with a previous observation in the rabbit (Pascoe and Kapp, 1985). A similar antidromic response latency of 20.9 ⫾ 1.5 msec was observed for BL neurons after stimulation of mPFC. As the electrode descended through CeM and then BL, there was an abrupt transition in the ability to a ...
... msec, in agreement with a previous observation in the rabbit (Pascoe and Kapp, 1985). A similar antidromic response latency of 20.9 ⫾ 1.5 msec was observed for BL neurons after stimulation of mPFC. As the electrode descended through CeM and then BL, there was an abrupt transition in the ability to a ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... was injected into the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus in one procedure, and 4 d later, 4 ~1 of 5% wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGAHRP; 0.2 pi/injection) was injected into the inferior temporal cortex. In all cases, the injection volumes listed were greater tha ...
... was injected into the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus in one procedure, and 4 d later, 4 ~1 of 5% wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGAHRP; 0.2 pi/injection) was injected into the inferior temporal cortex. In all cases, the injection volumes listed were greater tha ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...