ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... avoidance models have utilized discrete stimulus cues to represent oncoming noxious stimuli (threat) and/or periods when aversive stimuli are never present (i.e., safety). Individuals with anxiety disorders commonly do not react to signals associated with safety in the same manner as controls (Rachm ...
... avoidance models have utilized discrete stimulus cues to represent oncoming noxious stimuli (threat) and/or periods when aversive stimuli are never present (i.e., safety). Individuals with anxiety disorders commonly do not react to signals associated with safety in the same manner as controls (Rachm ...
Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... one of the oldest known recreational drugs, and today it is one of the most widely abused illicit drugs (Watson and others 2000). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC), the chief psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis, has profound effects on mood and a number of cognitive functions (reviewed in Child ...
... one of the oldest known recreational drugs, and today it is one of the most widely abused illicit drugs (Watson and others 2000). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC), the chief psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis, has profound effects on mood and a number of cognitive functions (reviewed in Child ...
Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal
... Our aim was to investigate the difference in brain activation between the three learning conditions (FINGER, TIMING, and COMBINED) and the control condition (RANDOM). However, in a behavioral pilot experiment, we found that learning a FINGER sequence hindered learning a COMBINED sequence when the tw ...
... Our aim was to investigate the difference in brain activation between the three learning conditions (FINGER, TIMING, and COMBINED) and the control condition (RANDOM). However, in a behavioral pilot experiment, we found that learning a FINGER sequence hindered learning a COMBINED sequence when the tw ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... the macaque monkey have been published over the past century (Brodmann 1909; Vogt and Vogt 1919; von Bonin and Bailey 1947; Matelli et al. 1985; Barbas and Pandya 1987; Matelli et al. 1991). Most investigators agree that the primary motor cortex is homogeneous, whereas the rostrally adjoining agranu ...
... the macaque monkey have been published over the past century (Brodmann 1909; Vogt and Vogt 1919; von Bonin and Bailey 1947; Matelli et al. 1985; Barbas and Pandya 1987; Matelli et al. 1991). Most investigators agree that the primary motor cortex is homogeneous, whereas the rostrally adjoining agranu ...
PDF
... possible to distinguish a broad leg area, arm area, and face area, there appears to be little somatotopic organization within each of these areas. The significance of this apparent disorder is not clear. Second, when neurons at one location in the map become active, do they specify joint angle, musc ...
... possible to distinguish a broad leg area, arm area, and face area, there appears to be little somatotopic organization within each of these areas. The significance of this apparent disorder is not clear. Second, when neurons at one location in the map become active, do they specify joint angle, musc ...
Reconsidering anhedonia in depression
... 2000, p. 349). In other words, clinical diagnosis of anhedonia does not discriminate between a decrease in motivation and a reduction in experienced pleasure. The failure to draw such a distinction may reflect the long-held assumption that people are motivated to pursue the things they find pleasurabl ...
... 2000, p. 349). In other words, clinical diagnosis of anhedonia does not discriminate between a decrease in motivation and a reduction in experienced pleasure. The failure to draw such a distinction may reflect the long-held assumption that people are motivated to pursue the things they find pleasurabl ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related potential (ERP) is a segment of the EEG signal starting from a specific event, most of the time on stimulus or response onset. These ERPs can be averaged, to create a smooth wavefor ...
... to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related potential (ERP) is a segment of the EEG signal starting from a specific event, most of the time on stimulus or response onset. These ERPs can be averaged, to create a smooth wavefor ...
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Michael T. Treadway , David H. Zald
... 2000, p. 349). In other words, clinical diagnosis of anhedonia does not discriminate between a decrease in motivation and a reduction in experienced pleasure. The failure to draw such a distinction may reflect the long-held assumption that people are motivated to pursue the things they find pleasurabl ...
... 2000, p. 349). In other words, clinical diagnosis of anhedonia does not discriminate between a decrease in motivation and a reduction in experienced pleasure. The failure to draw such a distinction may reflect the long-held assumption that people are motivated to pursue the things they find pleasurabl ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... during memory recall, but the emotional and hippocampal networks or ‘limbic systems’ operate by different computational principles, and operate independently of each other except insofar as an emotional state or reward value attribute may be part of an episodic memory. ...
... during memory recall, but the emotional and hippocampal networks or ‘limbic systems’ operate by different computational principles, and operate independently of each other except insofar as an emotional state or reward value attribute may be part of an episodic memory. ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... tivity exhibited by individual neurons during the progress of behavioral the highest firing rate for each neuron. If the firing rate in that epoch was epochs of cue, delay, and response periods. For this purpose, we analyzed significantly greater ( p ⬍ 0.01 by Mann–Whitney test) than in the conthe i ...
... tivity exhibited by individual neurons during the progress of behavioral the highest firing rate for each neuron. If the firing rate in that epoch was epochs of cue, delay, and response periods. For this purpose, we analyzed significantly greater ( p ⬍ 0.01 by Mann–Whitney test) than in the conthe i ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... allows for relatively high spatial resolution measurements of human brain activity. It can therefore be used to localize neural activity to particular brain regions and map specialized psychological functions, such as face-, body- and place-related processing [9–11]. More recently, model-based fMRI ...
... allows for relatively high spatial resolution measurements of human brain activity. It can therefore be used to localize neural activity to particular brain regions and map specialized psychological functions, such as face-, body- and place-related processing [9–11]. More recently, model-based fMRI ...
PDF
... areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary auditory subfield R), and high-to-low (rostrotemporal primary auditory subfield RT) frequencies, wi ...
... areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary auditory subfield R), and high-to-low (rostrotemporal primary auditory subfield RT) frequencies, wi ...
pdf
... debilitating leading many patients to seek medical attention. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory system [6,7]. Changes in the inferior colliculus, the thalamus and the auditory c ...
... debilitating leading many patients to seek medical attention. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory system [6,7]. Changes in the inferior colliculus, the thalamus and the auditory c ...
Link
... resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements [37–42]. In line with animal research, these studies showed that t ...
... resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements [37–42]. In line with animal research, these studies showed that t ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... greatly contributed to our understanding of the neural correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally ...
... greatly contributed to our understanding of the neural correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally ...
fulltext
... reaction, are formed through fear conditioning. In animals, fear memories, present in the lateral amygdala, undergo reconsolidation after recall. Moreover, this reconsolidation process can be disrupted both pharmacologically and behaviourally, resulting in a reduced fear response to the stimulus. Th ...
... reaction, are formed through fear conditioning. In animals, fear memories, present in the lateral amygdala, undergo reconsolidation after recall. Moreover, this reconsolidation process can be disrupted both pharmacologically and behaviourally, resulting in a reduced fear response to the stimulus. Th ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Action Preparation Shapes Processing in Early Visual Cortex
... actionswereonlypreparedbutnotexecuted.Anteriorparietalcortex,ontheotherhand,showedclearestmodulationforactualmovements.This demonstrates that preparation of actions, even without execution, modulates relevant neuronal populations in early visual areas. Key words: action preparation; feature percepti ...
... actionswereonlypreparedbutnotexecuted.Anteriorparietalcortex,ontheotherhand,showedclearestmodulationforactualmovements.This demonstrates that preparation of actions, even without execution, modulates relevant neuronal populations in early visual areas. Key words: action preparation; feature percepti ...
The neural representation of plural discourse entities
... Nieuwland, Petersson, and Van Berkum (2007) similarly used fMRI to investigate the neural representation of reference processing (in addition to semantic coherence). This study contained three conditions of interest to the current discussion: referential ambiguity (e.g., Ronald told Frank that he . ...
... Nieuwland, Petersson, and Van Berkum (2007) similarly used fMRI to investigate the neural representation of reference processing (in addition to semantic coherence). This study contained three conditions of interest to the current discussion: referential ambiguity (e.g., Ronald told Frank that he . ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... Hoesen, 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984; Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1995), and appears to be essential in judging rewarding or aversive outcomes of actions (e.g., Bechara et al., 1997; Schoenbaum et al., 1998). Posterior orbitofrontal cortex, in particular, ...
... Hoesen, 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984; Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1995), and appears to be essential in judging rewarding or aversive outcomes of actions (e.g., Bechara et al., 1997; Schoenbaum et al., 1998). Posterior orbitofrontal cortex, in particular, ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... endeavored to draw thalamocortical comparisons from nonsimultaneous recordings (Barone et al. 1996; Clarey et al. 1995; Pelleg-Toiba and Wollberg 1989; Samson et al. 2000). Because differences in animal model, anesthesia, stimuli, and measured response parameters could affect results, the literature ...
... endeavored to draw thalamocortical comparisons from nonsimultaneous recordings (Barone et al. 1996; Clarey et al. 1995; Pelleg-Toiba and Wollberg 1989; Samson et al. 2000). Because differences in animal model, anesthesia, stimuli, and measured response parameters could affect results, the literature ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... of the MGE, whereas more medicoventrally located domains may generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number ...
... of the MGE, whereas more medicoventrally located domains may generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... rat TRN) of the TRN shows much slower kinetics than do thalamocortical relay cells [46], where IT is the critical current for controlling the thalamic response mode [47]. More importantly, IT in the TRN needs depolarization for activation. The expression of IT depends on its state of inactivation. A ...
... rat TRN) of the TRN shows much slower kinetics than do thalamocortical relay cells [46], where IT is the critical current for controlling the thalamic response mode [47]. More importantly, IT in the TRN needs depolarization for activation. The expression of IT depends on its state of inactivation. A ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... of the auditory cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex — has a role in auditory-object processing and perception2–5. However, no consensus has been reached on either the roles of different regions in this pathway in specific elements of auditory-object processing and perception or the contri ...
... of the auditory cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex — has a role in auditory-object processing and perception2–5. However, no consensus has been reached on either the roles of different regions in this pathway in specific elements of auditory-object processing and perception or the contri ...