Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... Objective: Lithium remains the most widely used treatment for bipolar disorder; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions have not been fully elucidated. We studied the in-vivo effect of lithium on the density of α-adrenoceptor (α-AR) and β-AR subtypes and linked second me ...
... Objective: Lithium remains the most widely used treatment for bipolar disorder; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions have not been fully elucidated. We studied the in-vivo effect of lithium on the density of α-adrenoceptor (α-AR) and β-AR subtypes and linked second me ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs were applied via Hamilton syringe in amounts of 100 nl. In most cases the ...
... FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs were applied via Hamilton syringe in amounts of 100 nl. In most cases the ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... To characterize the neural mechanisms involved in computational flexibility and executive control over spatial cognitive processing at the network level, we simultaneously recorded neural activity in prefrontal and parietal cortex of monkeys as they assigned the same set of visual stimuli to alterna ...
... To characterize the neural mechanisms involved in computational flexibility and executive control over spatial cognitive processing at the network level, we simultaneously recorded neural activity in prefrontal and parietal cortex of monkeys as they assigned the same set of visual stimuli to alterna ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... reward and detect reward delivery at trial end. These activities may contribute to the processing of reward information for the motivational control of goal-directed behavior. ...
... reward and detect reward delivery at trial end. These activities may contribute to the processing of reward information for the motivational control of goal-directed behavior. ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsych
... • The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of cells about 1.5 to 4 mm thick. • The cortex provides the connections and pathways for the highest cognitive functions, such as language and abstract thinking. • The cerebral cortex contains about 25 billion neurons, more than 62,000 miles of axons, and ...
... • The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of cells about 1.5 to 4 mm thick. • The cortex provides the connections and pathways for the highest cognitive functions, such as language and abstract thinking. • The cerebral cortex contains about 25 billion neurons, more than 62,000 miles of axons, and ...
download file
... spectrotemporal sensitivity of A1 neurons. The systematic relationship between sensory features and cortical plasticity suggests that evolution has selected for a repertoire of synaptic, intrinsic, and network-level learning rules that give rise to the most appropriate cortical organization for any ...
... spectrotemporal sensitivity of A1 neurons. The systematic relationship between sensory features and cortical plasticity suggests that evolution has selected for a repertoire of synaptic, intrinsic, and network-level learning rules that give rise to the most appropriate cortical organization for any ...
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate
... form an aversive memory. This could be achieved by optogenetically activating these projections in a RTPA paradigm and testing whether rodents avoid the stimulation-paired side on the following day. Also, it could be tested whether silencing mPFC GABAergic projections to NAcc impairs retrieval of a ...
... form an aversive memory. This could be achieved by optogenetically activating these projections in a RTPA paradigm and testing whether rodents avoid the stimulation-paired side on the following day. Also, it could be tested whether silencing mPFC GABAergic projections to NAcc impairs retrieval of a ...
Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... pay anything. The optimal strategy in this type of auction is for the buyer to bid exactly how much he is willing to pay for the item being sold (Becker et al., 1964). The active subjects knew that the outcome of the auction would be implemented and that the person for whom they were bidding would r ...
... pay anything. The optimal strategy in this type of auction is for the buyer to bid exactly how much he is willing to pay for the item being sold (Becker et al., 1964). The active subjects knew that the outcome of the auction would be implemented and that the person for whom they were bidding would r ...
Appetitive associative learning recruits a distinct
... 0306-4522/Ó 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
... 0306-4522/Ó 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Forebrain Origins and Terminations of the Medial Forebrain Bundle
... as a likely substrate for the rewarding effect of MFB stimulation. They also suggest that dopaminergic projection systems may not form part of the reward pathway itself. Behavioral experiments, using methods for determining quantitative properties of the neural substrate, have led to the conclusion ...
... as a likely substrate for the rewarding effect of MFB stimulation. They also suggest that dopaminergic projection systems may not form part of the reward pathway itself. Behavioral experiments, using methods for determining quantitative properties of the neural substrate, have led to the conclusion ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... This study assessed whether individual differences in self-oriented neural processing were associated with performance perceptions of minority students under stereotype threat. Resting electroencephalographic activity recorded in white and minority participants was used to predict later estimates of ...
... This study assessed whether individual differences in self-oriented neural processing were associated with performance perceptions of minority students under stereotype threat. Resting electroencephalographic activity recorded in white and minority participants was used to predict later estimates of ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... Retinotopic organization of area 17 Using stereotaxic coordinates as well as anatomical markers for area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across al ...
... Retinotopic organization of area 17 Using stereotaxic coordinates as well as anatomical markers for area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across al ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... 6–8 trials for each stimulus had been run, the main data collection task was rerun several times with diVerent familiar images from the standard set, and four further completely novel images. This enabled the neuronal responses after data collection to be compared to typically 8–12 familiar images, ...
... 6–8 trials for each stimulus had been run, the main data collection task was rerun several times with diVerent familiar images from the standard set, and four further completely novel images. This enabled the neuronal responses after data collection to be compared to typically 8–12 familiar images, ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... importance of regional variation in cortical circuitry is still ignored by many. The irony is that, while particular cortical areas such as the primary visual area or the primary somatosensory area have become the focus of intensive research because they are uniquely identifiable, findings on the st ...
... importance of regional variation in cortical circuitry is still ignored by many. The irony is that, while particular cortical areas such as the primary visual area or the primary somatosensory area have become the focus of intensive research because they are uniquely identifiable, findings on the st ...
connections of the cerebral cortex
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
midbrain Brain stem
... Working memory for spatial tasks Executive area for task management Working memory for object-recall tasks Solving complex, multitask problems ...
... Working memory for spatial tasks Executive area for task management Working memory for object-recall tasks Solving complex, multitask problems ...
Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction
... here is an increasing interest in the neural mechanisms underlying extinction of learned fear, in part because fear extinction is a useful model for exposure-based therapies for the treatment of human anxiety disorders, such as phobias and posttraumatic stress disorder (1). During fear extinction, a ...
... here is an increasing interest in the neural mechanisms underlying extinction of learned fear, in part because fear extinction is a useful model for exposure-based therapies for the treatment of human anxiety disorders, such as phobias and posttraumatic stress disorder (1). During fear extinction, a ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... Karpicke 2012). Altogether, these findings indicate the possible role of a network of areas related to WM in producing the long-term advantage of testing. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of cortical areas related to updating informations in working memory, attentional contro ...
... Karpicke 2012). Altogether, these findings indicate the possible role of a network of areas related to WM in producing the long-term advantage of testing. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of cortical areas related to updating informations in working memory, attentional contro ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
PMAPh_Kirke_AISB_final6
... systems [9]. A further reason in relation to point (1) above and Human-Computer Interaction studies is that emotion may help machines to interact with and model humans more seamlessly and accurately [10]. So representation of simulation affective states is an active area of research. The dimensional ...
... systems [9]. A further reason in relation to point (1) above and Human-Computer Interaction studies is that emotion may help machines to interact with and model humans more seamlessly and accurately [10]. So representation of simulation affective states is an active area of research. The dimensional ...
Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic
... Across the full age range of 4.1–88.5 y, taking advantage of all longitudinal and cross-sectional observations, generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to fit mean thickness in each hemisphere to age, revealing a high rate of decrease for the first 20 y of life, followed by a more or les ...
... Across the full age range of 4.1–88.5 y, taking advantage of all longitudinal and cross-sectional observations, generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to fit mean thickness in each hemisphere to age, revealing a high rate of decrease for the first 20 y of life, followed by a more or les ...
2906_lect8
... by which, after long-term exposure to an odorant, one is no longer able to detect that odorant or has very diminished detection ability Example: Going out of town, coming back and noticing how your house smells ...
... by which, after long-term exposure to an odorant, one is no longer able to detect that odorant or has very diminished detection ability Example: Going out of town, coming back and noticing how your house smells ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... trials in response to a new stimulus. A mathematical race model that accounts for performance of this saccade-countermanding task provides unique theoretical leverage for distinguishing between neurons that can contribute to the control of saccade production and those that cannot (Hanes & Schall 199 ...
... trials in response to a new stimulus. A mathematical race model that accounts for performance of this saccade-countermanding task provides unique theoretical leverage for distinguishing between neurons that can contribute to the control of saccade production and those that cannot (Hanes & Schall 199 ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
... sessions and that the resulting plastic changes are associative in nature, objective measures of behavior are necessary. Multiple types of conditioned responses can develop depending on the training situation, CS and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) characteristics. These include physiological responses ...
... sessions and that the resulting plastic changes are associative in nature, objective measures of behavior are necessary. Multiple types of conditioned responses can develop depending on the training situation, CS and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) characteristics. These include physiological responses ...