Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:403-450. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by PALCI on 10/16/08. For personal use only. ...
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:403-450. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by PALCI on 10/16/08. For personal use only. ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... appear to change with learning. This was especially evident in the case where the behavioral relevance of an auditory stimulus depended on a visual stimulus (McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1995). Two groups of rats received pairings of a tone (conditioned excitor: T / ) with a mild footshock. Group TL 0 ...
... appear to change with learning. This was especially evident in the case where the behavioral relevance of an auditory stimulus depended on a visual stimulus (McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1995). Two groups of rats received pairings of a tone (conditioned excitor: T / ) with a mild footshock. Group TL 0 ...
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... has shown that harmane is capable of modulating neuronal responses to restraint stress in rats (Smith et al., 2009) and that I2 binding site ligands potentiate the HPA axis (Finn et al., 2004) and central noradrenergic (Finn et al., 2002) response to stress. Moreover, agonism of I1/I2 binding sites ...
... has shown that harmane is capable of modulating neuronal responses to restraint stress in rats (Smith et al., 2009) and that I2 binding site ligands potentiate the HPA axis (Finn et al., 2004) and central noradrenergic (Finn et al., 2002) response to stress. Moreover, agonism of I1/I2 binding sites ...
Multisensory anatomical pathways - Centre de Recherche Cerveau
... occur is probably reflecting an adaptive mechanism by which individual perceptual or sensory-motor situations involve a specific multisensory network. We describe in this review connections in the brain that may represent the support for early multisensory integration, such as cortico-cortical connect ...
... occur is probably reflecting an adaptive mechanism by which individual perceptual or sensory-motor situations involve a specific multisensory network. We describe in this review connections in the brain that may represent the support for early multisensory integration, such as cortico-cortical connect ...
Neuroimaging and ADHD: fMRI, PET, DTI Findings, and
... activation in medication naïve children with ADHD during a rewarded continuous performance task. Particularly noteworthy about this study is that administration of a single dose of methylphenidate, increased activation throughout this same network, suggesting methylphenidate may help regulate or “no ...
... activation in medication naïve children with ADHD during a rewarded continuous performance task. Particularly noteworthy about this study is that administration of a single dose of methylphenidate, increased activation throughout this same network, suggesting methylphenidate may help regulate or “no ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... number of pyramidal neurons in the dorfal, medial part of area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) al ...
... number of pyramidal neurons in the dorfal, medial part of area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) al ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... MR spectroscopy represents one of the most suitable in vivo tool to assess neurochemical dysfunction in several brain disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence, which persists into adulthood (in approx ...
... MR spectroscopy represents one of the most suitable in vivo tool to assess neurochemical dysfunction in several brain disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence, which persists into adulthood (in approx ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
... internal factors such as motivation and arousal and performed in order to obtain a goal or reward (Skinner 1938; Estes and Skinner 1941; Estes 1948; Rescorla and LoLordo 1965; Rescorla 1968; Lovibond 1983; Balleine and Dickinson 1998; Holland and Gallagher 2003; Niv et al. 2006). These responses are ...
... internal factors such as motivation and arousal and performed in order to obtain a goal or reward (Skinner 1938; Estes and Skinner 1941; Estes 1948; Rescorla and LoLordo 1965; Rescorla 1968; Lovibond 1983; Balleine and Dickinson 1998; Holland and Gallagher 2003; Niv et al. 2006). These responses are ...
Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... rewired retinal projections to the MGN, not neonatal superior collicular lesions per se, are necessary for the acceleration in visually cued conditioned fear responses. DISCUSSION Our results show a gain of behavioral function in rewired mice, which acquire an association between a visual stimulus a ...
... rewired retinal projections to the MGN, not neonatal superior collicular lesions per se, are necessary for the acceleration in visually cued conditioned fear responses. DISCUSSION Our results show a gain of behavioral function in rewired mice, which acquire an association between a visual stimulus a ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... Spike sorting was performed offline. Only signals with an amplitude three times that of the noise were recorded by the data acquisition software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We al ...
... Spike sorting was performed offline. Only signals with an amplitude three times that of the noise were recorded by the data acquisition software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We al ...
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... human consciousness that emphasizes the importance of frontal and parietal neural networks in the active search for patterns or chunks in stimulus displays, a process akin to Bartlett’s concept of “effort after meaning.” A core observation comes from working memory tasks in which participants are ab ...
... human consciousness that emphasizes the importance of frontal and parietal neural networks in the active search for patterns or chunks in stimulus displays, a process akin to Bartlett’s concept of “effort after meaning.” A core observation comes from working memory tasks in which participants are ab ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... The differences among partitioning schemes can be categorized along four lines: Terminological equivalence. Some differences are essentially terminological, in that different labels are assigned to what is fundamentally the same visual area. For example, area 17 is equivalent to area V1; MT (Fig. 2A ...
... The differences among partitioning schemes can be categorized along four lines: Terminological equivalence. Some differences are essentially terminological, in that different labels are assigned to what is fundamentally the same visual area. For example, area 17 is equivalent to area V1; MT (Fig. 2A ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... decide on the course of a personal relationship, choose some means to prevent our being penniless in old age, or plan for the life that lies ahead. Emotion and feeling, along with the covert physiological machinery underlying them, assist us with the daunting task of predicting an uncertain future a ...
... decide on the course of a personal relationship, choose some means to prevent our being penniless in old age, or plan for the life that lies ahead. Emotion and feeling, along with the covert physiological machinery underlying them, assist us with the daunting task of predicting an uncertain future a ...
Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
... (rCBF) was measured at rest using 99mTc-ECD SPECT in 10 healthy male volunteers, randomly divided into two groups of five subjects. Each subject was studied on two occasions, 1 week apart. In the first session, subjects were given an oral dose of CBD (400 mg) or placebo, in a double-blind procedure. ...
... (rCBF) was measured at rest using 99mTc-ECD SPECT in 10 healthy male volunteers, randomly divided into two groups of five subjects. Each subject was studied on two occasions, 1 week apart. In the first session, subjects were given an oral dose of CBD (400 mg) or placebo, in a double-blind procedure. ...
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... different information domains. It can also explain the continuous maps that form within cortical areas. The reason why the cortex is organized according to proximity is not known, but several plausible explanations can be advanced. One is that it is a side effect of the normal developmental process. ...
... different information domains. It can also explain the continuous maps that form within cortical areas. The reason why the cortex is organized according to proximity is not known, but several plausible explanations can be advanced. One is that it is a side effect of the normal developmental process. ...
Functional Neuronal Processing of Body Odors
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... Received in revised form 4 May 2009 Accepted 5 May 2009 Available online 14 May 2009 ...
... Received in revised form 4 May 2009 Accepted 5 May 2009 Available online 14 May 2009 ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... perception and cognition into unimodal components. That is, the neurobiological data reviewed here suggest that focusing solely on unisensory processes will continue to provide us only with an impoverished view of both brain and behavior. The recent recognition of this fact by many scientists has le ...
... perception and cognition into unimodal components. That is, the neurobiological data reviewed here suggest that focusing solely on unisensory processes will continue to provide us only with an impoverished view of both brain and behavior. The recent recognition of this fact by many scientists has le ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... thalamic reticular nucleus, which appears to gate information between the thalamus and the cortex. The third is the specialized connection of the posterior orbitofrontal cortex with the amygdala, which has a key role in emotional processes. Excitatory Prefrontal Pathways In primates, the pathways th ...
... thalamic reticular nucleus, which appears to gate information between the thalamus and the cortex. The third is the specialized connection of the posterior orbitofrontal cortex with the amygdala, which has a key role in emotional processes. Excitatory Prefrontal Pathways In primates, the pathways th ...
The major symptom dimensions of obsessive
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple, temporally stable symptom dimensions. Preliminary functional neuroimaging studies suggest that these symptom dimensions may have distinct neural substrates. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was u ...
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple, temporally stable symptom dimensions. Preliminary functional neuroimaging studies suggest that these symptom dimensions may have distinct neural substrates. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was u ...
The Evolution of Neuron Types and Cortical
... on the medium- and high-molecular-weight subunits of the neurofilament triplet protein. These epitopes are particularly enriched in subpopulations of large neurons of the neocortex that have a specific laminar and regional distribution. Because nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (NPNFP) is invo ...
... on the medium- and high-molecular-weight subunits of the neurofilament triplet protein. These epitopes are particularly enriched in subpopulations of large neurons of the neocortex that have a specific laminar and regional distribution. Because nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (NPNFP) is invo ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... These data suggest that some important property of sensory networks forms in utero, while the development of associational networks is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory co ...
... These data suggest that some important property of sensory networks forms in utero, while the development of associational networks is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory co ...
Isn`t it ironic? Neural Correlates of Irony Comprehension in
... subjects [20]. Prosody may likewise interact with the functional deficits in schizophrenia. Thus, in this investigation, we chose a prosody-free task to limit influencing factors. Deficits in both the medial prefrontal and temporal lobe systems are expected to mirror the findings for irony comprehen ...
... subjects [20]. Prosody may likewise interact with the functional deficits in schizophrenia. Thus, in this investigation, we chose a prosody-free task to limit influencing factors. Deficits in both the medial prefrontal and temporal lobe systems are expected to mirror the findings for irony comprehen ...
Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... least three distinct regions: the frontal eye field (FEF) (Bruce et al., 1985), the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987a,b) and the cingulate eye field (CEF) (Gaymard et al., 1998a). The location of these areas is relatively well known and has been established with electrical mic ...
... least three distinct regions: the frontal eye field (FEF) (Bruce et al., 1985), the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987a,b) and the cingulate eye field (CEF) (Gaymard et al., 1998a). The location of these areas is relatively well known and has been established with electrical mic ...