![Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000877750_1-ecd829212e57006e29b04b2e5ec24d7b-300x300.png)
Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... would be treated as if it were the food itself and the animal would attempt to consume it. Intriguingly this type of behavior has been observed in some instances.33 However, given that in many cases, animals (including humans) can distinguish a predictive cue from the UCS itself, as indicated by dis ...
... would be treated as if it were the food itself and the animal would attempt to consume it. Intriguingly this type of behavior has been observed in some instances.33 However, given that in many cases, animals (including humans) can distinguish a predictive cue from the UCS itself, as indicated by dis ...
Cortical and subcortical afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
view pdf - Columbia University
... Fig. 2 Lateral view of cleaned endocast. Arrows show locations of fracture zones, the middle one being that of a conical point. Gyri and sulci are approximate only. P.T., pars triangularis; C, coronal suture; S.F., sylviaii fissure, C.S., central sulcus; S.Q.. squamous suture; S.T., superior tempora ...
... Fig. 2 Lateral view of cleaned endocast. Arrows show locations of fracture zones, the middle one being that of a conical point. Gyri and sulci are approximate only. P.T., pars triangularis; C, coronal suture; S.F., sylviaii fissure, C.S., central sulcus; S.Q.. squamous suture; S.T., superior tempora ...
BIO 210 Course Outline
... XIII. Higher-order functions A. Explain how memories are created, stored and recalled. B. Distinguish between levels of consciousness and unconsciousness. C. Identify the characteristics of brain activity associated with the different levels of sleep and explain their importance. XIV. Special senses ...
... XIII. Higher-order functions A. Explain how memories are created, stored and recalled. B. Distinguish between levels of consciousness and unconsciousness. C. Identify the characteristics of brain activity associated with the different levels of sleep and explain their importance. XIV. Special senses ...
final scientific program
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not appear to be any appreciable difference in the ensuing degeneration. Survival in all monkeys with lesions in the striate cortex was limite0 to 8 or 9 days. F ...
... lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not appear to be any appreciable difference in the ensuing degeneration. Survival in all monkeys with lesions in the striate cortex was limite0 to 8 or 9 days. F ...
[3h]cyclohexyladenosine
... found (0 to 28 grains/600 pm3) was linear with tissue radioactivity (Unnerstall et al., 1981). Blank slides had a uniform grain density of 2.2 f 0.2 grains/600 pm3. The grain densities defined in this paper as significant were greater than or equal to 3.7 + 0.3 grains/600 pm3 (p < 0.005). All of the ...
... found (0 to 28 grains/600 pm3) was linear with tissue radioactivity (Unnerstall et al., 1981). Blank slides had a uniform grain density of 2.2 f 0.2 grains/600 pm3. The grain densities defined in this paper as significant were greater than or equal to 3.7 + 0.3 grains/600 pm3 (p < 0.005). All of the ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... neocortical circuits are involved in signal processing. The best way to do that is to investigate sensory systems, because the physical stimulus leading to activation of the cerebral cortex can be brought under tight experimental control. Measurement of neocortical information about a stimulus that ...
... neocortical circuits are involved in signal processing. The best way to do that is to investigate sensory systems, because the physical stimulus leading to activation of the cerebral cortex can be brought under tight experimental control. Measurement of neocortical information about a stimulus that ...
PDF
... primate model of ischemic cortical damage. Methods—Using a between-groups repeated-measures design, squirrel monkeys were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: an experimental group received intravenous GSK249320 beginning 24 hours after an ischemic infarct in motor cortex with repeated dosages given at 1-we ...
... primate model of ischemic cortical damage. Methods—Using a between-groups repeated-measures design, squirrel monkeys were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: an experimental group received intravenous GSK249320 beginning 24 hours after an ischemic infarct in motor cortex with repeated dosages given at 1-we ...
PDF
... 2002) and rats (Prosser and Hunter, 1936). The function of this startle reflex pathway has also been observed to change over an evolutionary time scale in Tahitian moths that have evolved in the absence of bats (Fullard et al., 2004). The startle reflex in these moths has been modified such that res ...
... 2002) and rats (Prosser and Hunter, 1936). The function of this startle reflex pathway has also been observed to change over an evolutionary time scale in Tahitian moths that have evolved in the absence of bats (Fullard et al., 2004). The startle reflex in these moths has been modified such that res ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... the reinforcer [7]. Uncertainty is different from probability; it is highest at probability (p)¼0.5 and decreases toward lower and higher probabilities, where reward absence or presence becomes increasingly certain. Uncertainty can be assessed as entropy, variance, and the associability term of atte ...
... the reinforcer [7]. Uncertainty is different from probability; it is highest at probability (p)¼0.5 and decreases toward lower and higher probabilities, where reward absence or presence becomes increasingly certain. Uncertainty can be assessed as entropy, variance, and the associability term of atte ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... The density and pattern of terminations from the prefrontal areas in AM varied, as described for each case later, and shown in Fig. 2. The descriptions below will be limited to the side ipsilateral to the injection side. 3.2.1. Orbitofrontal cases Rostral (areas 11, O121 ) and caudal (area OPro) orb ...
... The density and pattern of terminations from the prefrontal areas in AM varied, as described for each case later, and shown in Fig. 2. The descriptions below will be limited to the side ipsilateral to the injection side. 3.2.1. Orbitofrontal cases Rostral (areas 11, O121 ) and caudal (area OPro) orb ...
Acoustical Vision of Neglected Stimuli: Interaction among Spatially
... separate modality (vision). In neglect patients, a sound presented at the same position (or at close disparity) as a visual stimulus influenced detection of previously neglected visual targets. Before going on to understand the implications of this finding in a context of a cross-modal interaction ...
... separate modality (vision). In neglect patients, a sound presented at the same position (or at close disparity) as a visual stimulus influenced detection of previously neglected visual targets. Before going on to understand the implications of this finding in a context of a cross-modal interaction ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... ‘fast’, ‘far’ or ‘near’, are some of the simplest features that we can assign to a visual stimulus and are some of the basic attributes that we can perceive. But the transition from neural activity to perception is not simple and remains largely unknown. This process is not intractable, however, and ...
... ‘fast’, ‘far’ or ‘near’, are some of the simplest features that we can assign to a visual stimulus and are some of the basic attributes that we can perceive. But the transition from neural activity to perception is not simple and remains largely unknown. This process is not intractable, however, and ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... response is required for correct performance, and long-term maintenance of this association is necessary. The essential factors in the reference memory task are the formation of a particular association between a stimulus and a response by learning and long-term maintenance of this association, whic ...
... response is required for correct performance, and long-term maintenance of this association is necessary. The essential factors in the reference memory task are the formation of a particular association between a stimulus and a response by learning and long-term maintenance of this association, whic ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... according to two cognitive domains3. The sensorydiscriminative domain involves stimulus localization and intensity, which can be assessed in a number of ways, including using the visual analogue scale, whereas the affective-motivational domain involves the affective component of pain, which can be m ...
... according to two cognitive domains3. The sensorydiscriminative domain involves stimulus localization and intensity, which can be assessed in a number of ways, including using the visual analogue scale, whereas the affective-motivational domain involves the affective component of pain, which can be m ...
Not all brains are created equal: The relevance of
... Several different variations of tES are available, whereby the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are better understood for some than for others. For instance, the user can decide whether to excite a region in one hemisphere and inhibit the same region in the other, or he can place one of the ele ...
... Several different variations of tES are available, whereby the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are better understood for some than for others. For instance, the user can decide whether to excite a region in one hemisphere and inhibit the same region in the other, or he can place one of the ele ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... stimulation and their visual RFs were easy to map. In contrast, several cells of area V6A, located just dorsal to V6, were activated only by complex visual stimuli, or were completely insensitive to visual stimulation (Galletti et al., 1999a). Also, the activity of many V6A cells were modulated by a ...
... stimulation and their visual RFs were easy to map. In contrast, several cells of area V6A, located just dorsal to V6, were activated only by complex visual stimuli, or were completely insensitive to visual stimulation (Galletti et al., 1999a). Also, the activity of many V6A cells were modulated by a ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... dorsal AI. Labeled neurons projecting to these two parts of AI were concentrated in the middle and rostral thirds of the MGB, respectively. There was little evidence that differences in dorsal and central AI function could be due to convergent input from cells outside the ventral division of the MGB ...
... dorsal AI. Labeled neurons projecting to these two parts of AI were concentrated in the middle and rostral thirds of the MGB, respectively. There was little evidence that differences in dorsal and central AI function could be due to convergent input from cells outside the ventral division of the MGB ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... were averaged across the six repeated scans (from separate scanning sessions) for each observer. To compensate for the increased trial number per block of observer BZL in the main experiment (six instead of five stimulus presentations per block, corresponding to a factor of 1.2 higher duty cycle), w ...
... were averaged across the six repeated scans (from separate scanning sessions) for each observer. To compensate for the increased trial number per block of observer BZL in the main experiment (six instead of five stimulus presentations per block, corresponding to a factor of 1.2 higher duty cycle), w ...
New insights into the anatomo-functional connectivity of the
... without stimulation separated each stimulation, and no site was stimulated twice in a row in order to avoid seizures. Each cortical site (size: 5 mm 3 5 mm, due to the spatial resolution of the probe) of the entire cortex exposed by the bone flap was tested three times. Indeed, since the seminal pub ...
... without stimulation separated each stimulation, and no site was stimulated twice in a row in order to avoid seizures. Each cortical site (size: 5 mm 3 5 mm, due to the spatial resolution of the probe) of the entire cortex exposed by the bone flap was tested three times. Indeed, since the seminal pub ...
The Circuitry of V1 and V2 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... receptive field properties, recognizing that the most apt stimulus may not yet be known. It is still early in the exploration of the visual cortex and many fundamental premises are open to challenge. In a key respect, the task of elucidating what Hubel & Wiesel (1962) dubbed the “functional architect ...
... receptive field properties, recognizing that the most apt stimulus may not yet be known. It is still early in the exploration of the visual cortex and many fundamental premises are open to challenge. In a key respect, the task of elucidating what Hubel & Wiesel (1962) dubbed the “functional architect ...
fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... participants attended to the surface properties of the same objects, activation was present in more medial and anterior regions in the collateral sulcus (CoS) and the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We went on to demonstrate that attending explicitly to texture activated regions in the IOG and the C ...
... participants attended to the surface properties of the same objects, activation was present in more medial and anterior regions in the collateral sulcus (CoS) and the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We went on to demonstrate that attending explicitly to texture activated regions in the IOG and the C ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... to negate fatigue or habituation effects. A horizontal light bar was mounted 60 cm in front of the subject. Thirteen 3 mm red light-emitting diode (LED) targets were embedded at 5° intervals within the bar. Thus, on either side of a central diode were diodes at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30° eccentricity ...
... to negate fatigue or habituation effects. A horizontal light bar was mounted 60 cm in front of the subject. Thirteen 3 mm red light-emitting diode (LED) targets were embedded at 5° intervals within the bar. Thus, on either side of a central diode were diodes at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30° eccentricity ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.