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fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... participants attended to the surface properties of the same objects, activation was present in more medial and anterior regions in the collateral sulcus (CoS) and the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We went on to demonstrate that attending explicitly to texture activated regions in the IOG and the C ...
... participants attended to the surface properties of the same objects, activation was present in more medial and anterior regions in the collateral sulcus (CoS) and the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We went on to demonstrate that attending explicitly to texture activated regions in the IOG and the C ...
Cerebellar Affective Syndrome Expanding Our Thinking About the
... “Lesions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum produce only minor changes in executive and V/S functions. The constellation of deficits is suggestive of disruption of the cerebellar modulation of neural circuits that link prefrontal, posterior parietal, superior temporal, and limbic cortices with t ...
... “Lesions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum produce only minor changes in executive and V/S functions. The constellation of deficits is suggestive of disruption of the cerebellar modulation of neural circuits that link prefrontal, posterior parietal, superior temporal, and limbic cortices with t ...
A forward genetic screen with a thalamocortical emx2
... Figure 3 Mutants found in the thalamocortical screen display a variety of defects in the TCA projection. (A) Intercross breeding scheme for recessive thalamocortical mutant screen. ENU, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea; wt, wild type. (B) A control E18.5 brain stained with X-Gal shows a neatly organized array ...
... Figure 3 Mutants found in the thalamocortical screen display a variety of defects in the TCA projection. (A) Intercross breeding scheme for recessive thalamocortical mutant screen. ENU, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea; wt, wild type. (B) A control E18.5 brain stained with X-Gal shows a neatly organized array ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... In species with highly developed neocortices, such as cats and primates, cortical neurons are grouped into columns that share functional similarities1 . In primary visual cortex, columns of neurons have highly similar preferred orientations of visual stimuli2, 3 . However, given that neurons in a co ...
... In species with highly developed neocortices, such as cats and primates, cortical neurons are grouped into columns that share functional similarities1 . In primary visual cortex, columns of neurons have highly similar preferred orientations of visual stimuli2, 3 . However, given that neurons in a co ...
online age page age page proofs proofs
... Your brain is one of the less obvious features sounds, perhaps the whispers of people around that distinguish you from primates and all other you, the footsteps of someone outside the room living things. Everything that makes you who or the engines of an overhead plane. You are also you are comes fr ...
... Your brain is one of the less obvious features sounds, perhaps the whispers of people around that distinguish you from primates and all other you, the footsteps of someone outside the room living things. Everything that makes you who or the engines of an overhead plane. You are also you are comes fr ...
cHaPter 3
... Your brain is one of the less obvious features sounds, perhaps the whispers of people around that distinguish you from primates and all other you, the footsteps of someone outside the room living things. Everything that makes you who or the engines of an overhead plane. You are also you are comes fr ...
... Your brain is one of the less obvious features sounds, perhaps the whispers of people around that distinguish you from primates and all other you, the footsteps of someone outside the room living things. Everything that makes you who or the engines of an overhead plane. You are also you are comes fr ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... These data suggest that some important property of sensory networks forms in utero, while the development of associational networks is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory co ...
... These data suggest that some important property of sensory networks forms in utero, while the development of associational networks is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory co ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
... speech sound map to the auditory error map in Fig. 1. The target encodes the allowable variability of the acoustic signal throughout the duration of the syllable. The use of target regions, rather than points, is an important aspect of the DIVA model that provides a unified explanation for a wide ran ...
... speech sound map to the auditory error map in Fig. 1. The target encodes the allowable variability of the acoustic signal throughout the duration of the syllable. The use of target regions, rather than points, is an important aspect of the DIVA model that provides a unified explanation for a wide ran ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... in the cerebral cortex of the victims of AD provided the foundation for the rich array of anatomic, biochemical, and molecular genetic studies in the past two decades that have produced the wealth of current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of this disease. In contrast, studies of the pathoph ...
... in the cerebral cortex of the victims of AD provided the foundation for the rich array of anatomic, biochemical, and molecular genetic studies in the past two decades that have produced the wealth of current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of this disease. In contrast, studies of the pathoph ...
PhD Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... signaling molecules that specify different neuronal cell types at precise positions along the anterior–posterior (A/P) and dorsal–ventral (D/V) axes of the neural tube during development. Among signaling molecules, a special role is played by morphogens. A morphogen is a secreted factor form a local ...
... signaling molecules that specify different neuronal cell types at precise positions along the anterior–posterior (A/P) and dorsal–ventral (D/V) axes of the neural tube during development. Among signaling molecules, a special role is played by morphogens. A morphogen is a secreted factor form a local ...
THE NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION Ralph F
... executing movement. The medial part of VA nucleus is concerned with voluntary eye and head movements, while the lateral part is concerned with body and limb movements. ...
... executing movement. The medial part of VA nucleus is concerned with voluntary eye and head movements, while the lateral part is concerned with body and limb movements. ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... responses in Epoch 1 with those in Epoch 2 by the paired t-test. Individual multiunits were defined as mirror neurons when the neuronal responses were significant while observing at least one of the eight grasping action conditions [p < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < ...
... responses in Epoch 1 with those in Epoch 2 by the paired t-test. Individual multiunits were defined as mirror neurons when the neuronal responses were significant while observing at least one of the eight grasping action conditions [p < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < ...
The thalamus as a monitor of motor outputs
... If, however, it is seen as an input to the midbrain, which is concerned with the control of head and eye movements, then one is likely to be interested in a different set of properties that relate to features like movement vectors, etc. In practice, the retinofugal axon is more likely to be viewed i ...
... If, however, it is seen as an input to the midbrain, which is concerned with the control of head and eye movements, then one is likely to be interested in a different set of properties that relate to features like movement vectors, etc. In practice, the retinofugal axon is more likely to be viewed i ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... When discussing cortical LTP, it is important to consider the induction protocols used. Three protocols have been used to induce LTP: (a) tetanus, often a 100-Hz, 1-s stimulus applied to the afferent pathway; (b) theta-burst stimulation (TBS), in which 10 brief bursts at 5 bursts/s are applied, with ...
... When discussing cortical LTP, it is important to consider the induction protocols used. Three protocols have been used to induce LTP: (a) tetanus, often a 100-Hz, 1-s stimulus applied to the afferent pathway; (b) theta-burst stimulation (TBS), in which 10 brief bursts at 5 bursts/s are applied, with ...
The distributed human neural system for face perception
... gyri. The lateral temporal sites were over the posterior middle temporal gyrus, very near the location of the face-responsive region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus identified by functional brain imaging5,6,8,9,13,35. Usually, face-specific N200 and N700 potentials were recorded from the s ...
... gyri. The lateral temporal sites were over the posterior middle temporal gyrus, very near the location of the face-responsive region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus identified by functional brain imaging5,6,8,9,13,35. Usually, face-specific N200 and N700 potentials were recorded from the s ...
Relationship between muscle output and functional MRI
... primary difficulty with recording force and EMG signals during an fMRI experiment is that the presence of electrical equipment and signals can disturb the homogeneity of the magnetic field of the imaging scanner and introduce noise to the brain images. Similarly, high-voltage signals generated by ru ...
... primary difficulty with recording force and EMG signals during an fMRI experiment is that the presence of electrical equipment and signals can disturb the homogeneity of the magnetic field of the imaging scanner and introduce noise to the brain images. Similarly, high-voltage signals generated by ru ...
The Effect of Ischemia on Biogenic Amine Concentrations in
... such methods, the results are subject to criticism because the distribution of damage is not reliably reproducible in any of the currently known cerebral stroke models. Since the brain is so complex morphologically and neurotransmitter concentrations differ substantially from region to region, compa ...
... such methods, the results are subject to criticism because the distribution of damage is not reliably reproducible in any of the currently known cerebral stroke models. Since the brain is so complex morphologically and neurotransmitter concentrations differ substantially from region to region, compa ...
Early Microglial Activation Precedes Neuronal Loss in Mouse Model of Progressive
... inherited disorder with an onset at 6 to 16 years, usually with stimulus-sensitive myoclonus or tonic-clonic seizures. Other neurologic symptoms, including ataxia and dysarthria, appear as the disease progresses but cognition is essentially preserved (3Y5). Symptomatic pharmacologic and rehabilitati ...
... inherited disorder with an onset at 6 to 16 years, usually with stimulus-sensitive myoclonus or tonic-clonic seizures. Other neurologic symptoms, including ataxia and dysarthria, appear as the disease progresses but cognition is essentially preserved (3Y5). Symptomatic pharmacologic and rehabilitati ...
CNS – composed of the brain and spinal cord Cephalization
... Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with the sensory and motor functions of the opposite side of the body ...
... Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with the sensory and motor functions of the opposite side of the body ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... unsignalled change in EV every 30 trials (see example in Fig. 2a and Results), and neuroimaging analysis was performed for the last 20 trials of each set when the EV had been learned, and the choices made (i.e., the expected utility) stably reflected the EV. The 3 sets of 30 trials were run in a diff ...
... unsignalled change in EV every 30 trials (see example in Fig. 2a and Results), and neuroimaging analysis was performed for the last 20 trials of each set when the EV had been learned, and the choices made (i.e., the expected utility) stably reflected the EV. The 3 sets of 30 trials were run in a diff ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.