![Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014303152_1-2bf49c1a6f952c2e90aa9e7b9a11038d-300x300.png)
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... cerebellum and two over rostral locations near the olfactory bulbs. Holes in the skull were tapped and blunt tipped screws were inserted. Using dental acrylic, a head post was fixed over the cerebellum (Bermejo et al. 1996) and a chamber was placed over the craniotomy. The chamber was sealed by a ca ...
... cerebellum and two over rostral locations near the olfactory bulbs. Holes in the skull were tapped and blunt tipped screws were inserted. Using dental acrylic, a head post was fixed over the cerebellum (Bermejo et al. 1996) and a chamber was placed over the craniotomy. The chamber was sealed by a ca ...
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate
... cortex leave the ventricular zone to forti the preplate (Rickmann et al., 1977), also termed the primordial plexiform zone (MarinPadilla, 197 l), just beneath the pia. The preplate is divided into the marginal zone above and the subplate below by the insertion of cortical plate neurons that will for ...
... cortex leave the ventricular zone to forti the preplate (Rickmann et al., 1977), also termed the primordial plexiform zone (MarinPadilla, 197 l), just beneath the pia. The preplate is divided into the marginal zone above and the subplate below by the insertion of cortical plate neurons that will for ...
Where is a Nose with Respect to a Foot? The Left
... to the one used to diagnose autotopagnposia, and found an activation in both the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the left superior parietal cortex (SPC). The same regions were documented by Le Clec’H et al. (2000) who asked participants to code the spatial relationship among parts of the human b ...
... to the one used to diagnose autotopagnposia, and found an activation in both the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the left superior parietal cortex (SPC). The same regions were documented by Le Clec’H et al. (2000) who asked participants to code the spatial relationship among parts of the human b ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... it is well known that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) excites cerebral cortex in an orientationselective manner, a neurophysiologically compelling explanation of this phenomenon has been lacking. It is generally presumed that TMS-induced excitation is mediated by horizontal fibers in the cort ...
... it is well known that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) excites cerebral cortex in an orientationselective manner, a neurophysiologically compelling explanation of this phenomenon has been lacking. It is generally presumed that TMS-induced excitation is mediated by horizontal fibers in the cort ...
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
... behaviorally, often requiring 20–80 trials, consistent with the need for some stability of f lavor representations. The relatively high proportion of neurons with modification of responsiveness by taste association was probably related to the fact that the neurons were preselected to show differenti ...
... behaviorally, often requiring 20–80 trials, consistent with the need for some stability of f lavor representations. The relatively high proportion of neurons with modification of responsiveness by taste association was probably related to the fact that the neurons were preselected to show differenti ...
Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition,
... ABSTRACT: Distinct domains of the prefrontal cortex in primates have a set of connections suggesting that they have different roles in cognition, memory, and emotion. Caudal lateral prefrontal areas (areas 8 and 46) receive projections from cortices representing early stages in visual or auditory pr ...
... ABSTRACT: Distinct domains of the prefrontal cortex in primates have a set of connections suggesting that they have different roles in cognition, memory, and emotion. Caudal lateral prefrontal areas (areas 8 and 46) receive projections from cortices representing early stages in visual or auditory pr ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... behaviors, are reflected in the organization, physiology, and connections between areas of frontal cortex and in their projections through basal ganglia circuits. This comprises a series of parallel pathways. However, this model does not address how information flows between circuits thereby develop ...
... behaviors, are reflected in the organization, physiology, and connections between areas of frontal cortex and in their projections through basal ganglia circuits. This comprises a series of parallel pathways. However, this model does not address how information flows between circuits thereby develop ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... ¿0. We adopt this normalization in the following. We have already seen that Pv does not really correspond to the weighted sum of a threshold gate since it varies over time. The same holds true for the threshold v . If a neuron v has =red at time t , it will not =re again for a few ms after t , ...
... ¿0. We adopt this normalization in the following. We have already seen that Pv does not really correspond to the weighted sum of a threshold gate since it varies over time. The same holds true for the threshold v . If a neuron v has =red at time t , it will not =re again for a few ms after t , ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... Understanding how the brain gives rise to the experience of sight is an important and fundamental question that has garnered much attention over the years [1]. The longstanding emphasis stems from the fact that many mammals, including humans, rely on vision as their primary sense to evaluate their s ...
... Understanding how the brain gives rise to the experience of sight is an important and fundamental question that has garnered much attention over the years [1]. The longstanding emphasis stems from the fact that many mammals, including humans, rely on vision as their primary sense to evaluate their s ...
Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in
... when reversal error trials that preceded a correct response were contrasted with correct trials. Signal loss from the orbitofrontal cortex meant that its contribution to reversal learning could not be examined (Cools et al., 2002). A PET study with better ability to image orbitofrontal cortex observ ...
... when reversal error trials that preceded a correct response were contrasted with correct trials. Signal loss from the orbitofrontal cortex meant that its contribution to reversal learning could not be examined (Cools et al., 2002). A PET study with better ability to image orbitofrontal cortex observ ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... visual world by mutual enhancement between sensory inputs and higher-level hypotheses that support each other, and attenuation of irrelevant or incompatible features. There have been a number of previous studies searching for the physiological basis of binocular rivalry. Varela and Singer (1987) rep ...
... visual world by mutual enhancement between sensory inputs and higher-level hypotheses that support each other, and attenuation of irrelevant or incompatible features. There have been a number of previous studies searching for the physiological basis of binocular rivalry. Varela and Singer (1987) rep ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majority of neurons in layers IV-II are labeled. To analyze the radial neurogenetic gradient, the cell counts in all auditory areas were combined separ ...
... and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majority of neurons in layers IV-II are labeled. To analyze the radial neurogenetic gradient, the cell counts in all auditory areas were combined separ ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... stimulus-reinforcer expectancies, that is, which showed reinforcer-specific activity in the presence of the odor cues, was lower in rats with BLA lesions than in intact rats. By contrast, OFC lesions had little effect on the proportion of such stimulus-reinforcer expectancy neurons in BLA. The two l ...
... stimulus-reinforcer expectancies, that is, which showed reinforcer-specific activity in the presence of the odor cues, was lower in rats with BLA lesions than in intact rats. By contrast, OFC lesions had little effect on the proportion of such stimulus-reinforcer expectancy neurons in BLA. The two l ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... perception evoke the same representations. In contrast, multivariate pattern classification can establish the encoding of specific contents (Mika et al. 2001; Haxby et al. 2001; Spiridon and Kanwisher 2002; Cox and Savoy 2003; Carlson et al. 2003; Kamitani and Tong 2005; Haynes and Rees 2005a, 2006; N ...
... perception evoke the same representations. In contrast, multivariate pattern classification can establish the encoding of specific contents (Mika et al. 2001; Haxby et al. 2001; Spiridon and Kanwisher 2002; Cox and Savoy 2003; Carlson et al. 2003; Kamitani and Tong 2005; Haynes and Rees 2005a, 2006; N ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
functional classes of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat
... of units might vary along the dimension where binaural interactions previously have been shown to vary. Using simple criteria based on characteristics of sensitivity to sound location, we could distinguish three classesof units in AI, two of which had sharply defined spatial receptive fields. These ...
... of units might vary along the dimension where binaural interactions previously have been shown to vary. Using simple criteria based on characteristics of sensitivity to sound location, we could distinguish three classesof units in AI, two of which had sharply defined spatial receptive fields. These ...
Poulet etal - Cornell University
... higher frequencies (>10 kHz) and is inhibited, or only weakly excited, by 4.5 kHz sound (Wohlers and Huber 1978, 1982; Boyan 1980; Nolen and Hoy 1987), which supports roles in courtship song recognition (Wohlers and Huber 1982) and bat detection during flight (Nolen and Hoy 1983). As expected from th ...
... higher frequencies (>10 kHz) and is inhibited, or only weakly excited, by 4.5 kHz sound (Wohlers and Huber 1978, 1982; Boyan 1980; Nolen and Hoy 1987), which supports roles in courtship song recognition (Wohlers and Huber 1982) and bat detection during flight (Nolen and Hoy 1983). As expected from th ...
Asymmetry of the Neuroendocrine System
... steroidogenesis of the remaining testis with no change in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration. Other combinations are ineffective in this respect. A similar effect was observed in prepubertal animals. However, in this case the right-sided brain surgery plus left hemicastration combination w ...
... steroidogenesis of the remaining testis with no change in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration. Other combinations are ineffective in this respect. A similar effect was observed in prepubertal animals. However, in this case the right-sided brain surgery plus left hemicastration combination w ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... iarity scores: mean, 3.97; SD, 1.34; scale, 1 (not familiar) to 5 (very familtrials and forced-bid trials. Each of the 50 items was shown twice, once in iar)]. Second, we wanted items to be positive for the subjects (in the sense a bid trial and once in a forced trial. These trials were fully random ...
... iarity scores: mean, 3.97; SD, 1.34; scale, 1 (not familiar) to 5 (very familtrials and forced-bid trials. Each of the 50 items was shown twice, once in iar)]. Second, we wanted items to be positive for the subjects (in the sense a bid trial and once in a forced trial. These trials were fully random ...
Neural Coding 2016
... All posters should be posted on Aug 29 in the morning. The posters can stay there for the whole conference but should be removed not later than Thursday Sep 1, 16:00, after the last session. Lunches will be served in the Canteen (“Mensa”) of the University of Cologne, which is across Zülpicher Straß ...
... All posters should be posted on Aug 29 in the morning. The posters can stay there for the whole conference but should be removed not later than Thursday Sep 1, 16:00, after the last session. Lunches will be served in the Canteen (“Mensa”) of the University of Cologne, which is across Zülpicher Straß ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... the location of these pieces of sensory apparatus, in contrast to deep needling, neural signals originating from superficial needling may be transported through different sensory receptors to the central nervous system. The reason why such a relatively small number of motor neurons were labelled wit ...
... the location of these pieces of sensory apparatus, in contrast to deep needling, neural signals originating from superficial needling may be transported through different sensory receptors to the central nervous system. The reason why such a relatively small number of motor neurons were labelled wit ...
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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... ordered blocks of object images (different from those used in the main experiment) and 8 blocks of scrambled images (Park et al., 2007; Grill-Spector et al., 1999). Scrambled images were created by dividing the object images into a 16 × 16 square grid and randomly shuffling the squares based on eccen ...
... ordered blocks of object images (different from those used in the main experiment) and 8 blocks of scrambled images (Park et al., 2007; Grill-Spector et al., 1999). Scrambled images were created by dividing the object images into a 16 × 16 square grid and randomly shuffling the squares based on eccen ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... neural activity to encode and translate information into complex cognitive processes remains one of the most important challenges for contemporary neuroscience. Over the last few decades, large-scale electrophysiological recordings in animal models have allowed for descriptions of neural activity at ...
... neural activity to encode and translate information into complex cognitive processes remains one of the most important challenges for contemporary neuroscience. Over the last few decades, large-scale electrophysiological recordings in animal models have allowed for descriptions of neural activity at ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... transmission, or direct inhibition of inhibitory interneurons. Conversely, ‘inhibition’ in this context could arise from direct hyperpolarization, enhancement of currents mediating adaptation, suppression of excitatory intrinsic synaptic transmission, or direct excitation of inhibitory interneurons. ...
... transmission, or direct inhibition of inhibitory interneurons. Conversely, ‘inhibition’ in this context could arise from direct hyperpolarization, enhancement of currents mediating adaptation, suppression of excitatory intrinsic synaptic transmission, or direct excitation of inhibitory interneurons. ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.