![Technical note: Use of a double inversion recovery pulse sequence](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002623586_1-470617f6f57587a49eb15aa805955344-300x300.png)
Technical note: Use of a double inversion recovery pulse sequence
... increments in the variation of TI, and TI2 would have been desirable, but this was precluded by the long scan times required (see below). Once the inversion timings needed to selectively image grey and white brain matter had been determined, normal volunteers were scanned to measure the degree of su ...
... increments in the variation of TI, and TI2 would have been desirable, but this was precluded by the long scan times required (see below). Once the inversion timings needed to selectively image grey and white brain matter had been determined, normal volunteers were scanned to measure the degree of su ...
Significance of Neural Crest in Tooth Development
... of an inductive action by the non-neural ectoderm adjacent to the neural plate and possibly by nearby mesoderm as well. As the neural tube forms, a group of cells separate from the neuroectoderm. These cells have the capacity to migrate and differentiate extensively within the developing embryo and ...
... of an inductive action by the non-neural ectoderm adjacent to the neural plate and possibly by nearby mesoderm as well. As the neural tube forms, a group of cells separate from the neuroectoderm. These cells have the capacity to migrate and differentiate extensively within the developing embryo and ...
Studying the topological organization of the cerebral blood flow
... (rPCA) methodology. rPCA method groups brain regions into a few latent components. In particular, the brain regions within each component are believed to have strong connectivity, while the connectivity between components is weak. The ASL technique has been utilized to measure dynamic, spontaneous C ...
... (rPCA) methodology. rPCA method groups brain regions into a few latent components. In particular, the brain regions within each component are believed to have strong connectivity, while the connectivity between components is weak. The ASL technique has been utilized to measure dynamic, spontaneous C ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... (Mustela putorius furo), we extracellularly recorded from extrastriate visual cortex in five pigmented and two albino ferrets under general anaesthesia and paralysis. Visual stimulation consisted of large area random dot patterns moving either on a circular path in the frontoparallel plane or expand ...
... (Mustela putorius furo), we extracellularly recorded from extrastriate visual cortex in five pigmented and two albino ferrets under general anaesthesia and paralysis. Visual stimulation consisted of large area random dot patterns moving either on a circular path in the frontoparallel plane or expand ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... respect to those in the ventral one. In addition, it was reported that the dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area ...
... respect to those in the ventral one. In addition, it was reported that the dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area ...
Neural Induction in Xenopus: Requirement for Ectodermal and
... Molecular analyses demonstrated that the BCNE center was distinct from the Nieuwkoop center, and that the Nieuwkoop center expressed the secreted protein Cerberus (Cer). We found that explanted blastula dorsal animal cap cells that have not yet contacted a mesodermal substratum can, when cultured in ...
... Molecular analyses demonstrated that the BCNE center was distinct from the Nieuwkoop center, and that the Nieuwkoop center expressed the secreted protein Cerberus (Cer). We found that explanted blastula dorsal animal cap cells that have not yet contacted a mesodermal substratum can, when cultured in ...
Preprint - University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences
... dot on the screen. Our experimental design included four images presented in all possible combinations as a visual stimulus, and as an intended target, resulting in 16 experimental conditions. We held the target image fixed for short blocks of trials and we presented the same images as both targets ...
... dot on the screen. Our experimental design included four images presented in all possible combinations as a visual stimulus, and as an intended target, resulting in 16 experimental conditions. We held the target image fixed for short blocks of trials and we presented the same images as both targets ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... in emotional communication. These findings suggest diversity in inhibitory control by distinct prefrontal pathways. Keywords: auditory association cortex, calbindin, inhibitory neurons, laminar connections, parvalbumin Introduction At any one time large arrays of stimuli impinge on our senses, yet w ...
... in emotional communication. These findings suggest diversity in inhibitory control by distinct prefrontal pathways. Keywords: auditory association cortex, calbindin, inhibitory neurons, laminar connections, parvalbumin Introduction At any one time large arrays of stimuli impinge on our senses, yet w ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... precue. Performance on this two-alternative task was measured before and after SC inactivation. (b) The area affected by SC inactivation was estimated by measuring the change in peak velocity of saccades to visual targets. (c) Changes in performance when the target appeared inside the affected part ...
... precue. Performance on this two-alternative task was measured before and after SC inactivation. (b) The area affected by SC inactivation was estimated by measuring the change in peak velocity of saccades to visual targets. (c) Changes in performance when the target appeared inside the affected part ...
Somatotopic mapping of natural upper- and lower
... movements as previously obtained from experimental data. We were able to quantify, for the first time, sensitivity and specificity of high gamma underlying non-experimental lower-extremity movements in four patients, and observed values in the same range as for upper extremities (analyzed in six patie ...
... movements as previously obtained from experimental data. We were able to quantify, for the first time, sensitivity and specificity of high gamma underlying non-experimental lower-extremity movements in four patients, and observed values in the same range as for upper extremities (analyzed in six patie ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activity. Assemblies will to some extent feature specific spatio-temporal profiles determined by the network-specific cytoarchitecture of particular brain regions: for example, fast, low amplitude r ...
... to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activity. Assemblies will to some extent feature specific spatio-temporal profiles determined by the network-specific cytoarchitecture of particular brain regions: for example, fast, low amplitude r ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either enhance or suppress the response to sound [1,2]. There are also other possibilities of interaction between somatosensory and the auditory stimuli. Thus the fact that some cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus receive somatosensory ...
... respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either enhance or suppress the response to sound [1,2]. There are also other possibilities of interaction between somatosensory and the auditory stimuli. Thus the fact that some cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus receive somatosensory ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... calculated the amount of information as a function of the time interval following vocalization onset (50–750 ms) and the bin size (2–750 ms) using a formulation described by Nelken and colleagues (Chechik et al. 2006; Nelken and Chechik 2007). To facilitate comparisons across monkeys and to eliminat ...
... calculated the amount of information as a function of the time interval following vocalization onset (50–750 ms) and the bin size (2–750 ms) using a formulation described by Nelken and colleagues (Chechik et al. 2006; Nelken and Chechik 2007). To facilitate comparisons across monkeys and to eliminat ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... neurons [15] and their use in vivo is limited. We have therefore developed Photostimulation-assisted Identification of Neuronal Populations (PINP), a general method of tagging genetically-defined populations of neurons for identification during in vivo electrophysiological recordings, which is schem ...
... neurons [15] and their use in vivo is limited. We have therefore developed Photostimulation-assisted Identification of Neuronal Populations (PINP), a general method of tagging genetically-defined populations of neurons for identification during in vivo electrophysiological recordings, which is schem ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... callosum to the adjacent cingulate gyri. This diffusion of HRP was sufficient to produce retrograde filling of neurons in the thalamus. In the animals used in this report, the thalamic label included a primary focus of HRP-filled neurons within the anterior nuclear group with additional light label ...
... callosum to the adjacent cingulate gyri. This diffusion of HRP was sufficient to produce retrograde filling of neurons in the thalamus. In the animals used in this report, the thalamic label included a primary focus of HRP-filled neurons within the anterior nuclear group with additional light label ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... Posterior parietal lesions in monkeys produce many of the visuospatial defects found in humans, including neglect of the contralateral visual field, disuse and lack of grooming of the contralateral body half, and visual extinction. The most dramatic and consequently most studied deficit seen in thes ...
... Posterior parietal lesions in monkeys produce many of the visuospatial defects found in humans, including neglect of the contralateral visual field, disuse and lack of grooming of the contralateral body half, and visual extinction. The most dramatic and consequently most studied deficit seen in thes ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... reactivation of the pattern of spikes through recurrent excitatory synaptic transmission. This depends on previous strengthening of excitatory recurrent connections resulting from spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. When stimuli are familiar, the animal may draw on the memory maintained in e ...
... reactivation of the pattern of spikes through recurrent excitatory synaptic transmission. This depends on previous strengthening of excitatory recurrent connections resulting from spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. When stimuli are familiar, the animal may draw on the memory maintained in e ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... clusters resembled wine casks, calling out for the name barrels (Figure 21.6B). The insight of Woolsey and van der Loos was that the spatial arrangement of the barrels replicates exactly the spatial arrangement of the whiskers on the snout. The authors concluded that the barrel field is a map of the ...
... clusters resembled wine casks, calling out for the name barrels (Figure 21.6B). The insight of Woolsey and van der Loos was that the spatial arrangement of the barrels replicates exactly the spatial arrangement of the whiskers on the snout. The authors concluded that the barrel field is a map of the ...
memory systems in the brain
... (Rolls 1990, 1999a, 2000a). A reward is anything for which an animal will work. A punisher is anything an animal will work to escape or avoid. An example of an emotion might thus be happiness produced by being given a reward, such as a pleasant touch, praise, or winning a large sum of money; another ...
... (Rolls 1990, 1999a, 2000a). A reward is anything for which an animal will work. A punisher is anything an animal will work to escape or avoid. An example of an emotion might thus be happiness produced by being given a reward, such as a pleasant touch, praise, or winning a large sum of money; another ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attention, coordination, sensory and central contributions to motor control, etc. Studies in these areas involve treating the brain like a black box. I can study the stages of information processing without answeri ...
... nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attention, coordination, sensory and central contributions to motor control, etc. Studies in these areas involve treating the brain like a black box. I can study the stages of information processing without answeri ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtained in vitro evidence for NGF-induced rapid release of ACh in the cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus ...
... also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtained in vitro evidence for NGF-induced rapid release of ACh in the cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... The long axis of the corpuscle is usually oriented parallel to the stretch lines in skin; thus, Ruffini’s corpuscles are particularly sensitive to the cutaneous stretching produced by digit or limb movements. They account for about 20% of the receptors in the human hand and do not elicit any particu ...
... The long axis of the corpuscle is usually oriented parallel to the stretch lines in skin; thus, Ruffini’s corpuscles are particularly sensitive to the cutaneous stretching produced by digit or limb movements. They account for about 20% of the receptors in the human hand and do not elicit any particu ...
Sample pages PDF
... located against the skull and above the orbits. Like the dorsolateral cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex is tightly connected to the cingulate cortex, as well as the rest of the associative cortex, the amygdala, and the dorsomedial and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus [18]. This cortex projects ...
... located against the skull and above the orbits. Like the dorsolateral cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex is tightly connected to the cingulate cortex, as well as the rest of the associative cortex, the amygdala, and the dorsomedial and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus [18]. This cortex projects ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... a number was larger or smaller than 5) after being primed with an image of either a ruler or a clock. After being primed with a ruler, the standard SNARC effect was observed: participants responded to smaller numbers more quickly when the responses were made on the left side of space, and responded ...
... a number was larger or smaller than 5) after being primed with an image of either a ruler or a clock. After being primed with a ruler, the standard SNARC effect was observed: participants responded to smaller numbers more quickly when the responses were made on the left side of space, and responded ...
Vision`s First Steps: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception in the
... responses to specific stimuli. For instance, some early receptive fields have a spatial substructure (while others do not), and stimulating their different subregions results in increases or decreases in neural activity. A visual neural prosthesis should ultimately replace the visual processing repr ...
... responses to specific stimuli. For instance, some early receptive fields have a spatial substructure (while others do not), and stimulating their different subregions results in increases or decreases in neural activity. A visual neural prosthesis should ultimately replace the visual processing repr ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.