PII: S0006-8993(97) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... In adult monkeys with dorsal rhizotomies extending from the second cervical ŽC 2 . to the fifth thoracic ŽT5 . vertebrae, cortex deprived of its normal inputs regained responsiveness to inputs conveyed by intact peripheral afferents from the face wT.P. Pons, P.E. Garraghty, A.K. Ommaya, J.H. Kaas, E ...
... In adult monkeys with dorsal rhizotomies extending from the second cervical ŽC 2 . to the fifth thoracic ŽT5 . vertebrae, cortex deprived of its normal inputs regained responsiveness to inputs conveyed by intact peripheral afferents from the face wT.P. Pons, P.E. Garraghty, A.K. Ommaya, J.H. Kaas, E ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
... properties of the neural network are hardwired by the researcher in the neural network but it is necessary to actually simulate the evolutionary process that results in these genetically inherited properties or constraints. Artificial Life simulations differ from the usual connectionist simulations ...
... properties of the neural network are hardwired by the researcher in the neural network but it is necessary to actually simulate the evolutionary process that results in these genetically inherited properties or constraints. Artificial Life simulations differ from the usual connectionist simulations ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... 6. As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming ...
... 6. As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming ...
A GPU-accelerated cortical neural network model for visually guided
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
... properties of the neural network are hardwired by the researcher in the neural network but it is necessary to actually simulate the evolutionary process that results in these genetically inherited properties or constraints. Artificial Life simulations differ from the usual connectionist simulations ...
... properties of the neural network are hardwired by the researcher in the neural network but it is necessary to actually simulate the evolutionary process that results in these genetically inherited properties or constraints. Artificial Life simulations differ from the usual connectionist simulations ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
Motor learning in man: A review of functional and clinical studies
... locations. It was found that patients with cingulate lesion were not impaired on either of these conditional learning tasks; in contrast, patients with SMA lesions were severely impaired when they had to recall a movement on the basis of a sensory cue, but not for an association involving spatial lo ...
... locations. It was found that patients with cingulate lesion were not impaired on either of these conditional learning tasks; in contrast, patients with SMA lesions were severely impaired when they had to recall a movement on the basis of a sensory cue, but not for an association involving spatial lo ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... encode monaural spectral cues, which are particularly important in mammals for making elevation judgments and for distinguishing between sound directions in front of and behind the head.(15,20) Regardless of whether the information is derived from monaural spectral cues or from binaural difference c ...
... encode monaural spectral cues, which are particularly important in mammals for making elevation judgments and for distinguishing between sound directions in front of and behind the head.(15,20) Regardless of whether the information is derived from monaural spectral cues or from binaural difference c ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... targets could be defined only recently, using trans-synaptic viral transport from spinothalamic neurons in the cord (Dum et al 2009). Injection of herpes virus within dorsal horn laminae I, V and VII allowed the virus to be taken up by spinal cord neurons and transported rostrally to infect second-o ...
... targets could be defined only recently, using trans-synaptic viral transport from spinothalamic neurons in the cord (Dum et al 2009). Injection of herpes virus within dorsal horn laminae I, V and VII allowed the virus to be taken up by spinal cord neurons and transported rostrally to infect second-o ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... specific motor and sensory functions are localized in discrete cortical areas called domains. However, many higher mental functions, such as memory and language, appear to have overlapping domains and are spread over large areas of the cortex. Before we examine the functional regions of the cerebral ...
... specific motor and sensory functions are localized in discrete cortical areas called domains. However, many higher mental functions, such as memory and language, appear to have overlapping domains and are spread over large areas of the cortex. Before we examine the functional regions of the cerebral ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
Neural Basis of Visually Guided Head Movements Studied With fMRI
... et al. 1997). Performing eye movements leads to BOLD signal increases in a cortical network consisting of areas in the precentral sulcus (frontal eye fields, FEF), in the medial superior frontal cortex (supplementary eye fields, SEF), in the intraparietal sulcus (parietal eye fields, PEF), in the pr ...
... et al. 1997). Performing eye movements leads to BOLD signal increases in a cortical network consisting of areas in the precentral sulcus (frontal eye fields, FEF), in the medial superior frontal cortex (supplementary eye fields, SEF), in the intraparietal sulcus (parietal eye fields, PEF), in the pr ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... In this model, for simplicity, computation within each module is mediated by winner-take-all competitive mechanisms using lateral inhibition. This, together with reciprocal connections between V1 and higher modules, implements the so-called biased competition mechanism as recently popularized by the ...
... In this model, for simplicity, computation within each module is mediated by winner-take-all competitive mechanisms using lateral inhibition. This, together with reciprocal connections between V1 and higher modules, implements the so-called biased competition mechanism as recently popularized by the ...
Prefrontal Cortex, Emotion, and Approach/Withdrawal Motivation
... some of the neural structures and functions involved in these processes. For example, seminal studies in neuropsychology suggested differential involvement of right and left hemispheres in emotional processing (for reviews, see Davidson, 1983, 1984; Heller & Levy, 1981; Tucker, 1981). However, findi ...
... some of the neural structures and functions involved in these processes. For example, seminal studies in neuropsychology suggested differential involvement of right and left hemispheres in emotional processing (for reviews, see Davidson, 1983, 1984; Heller & Levy, 1981; Tucker, 1981). However, findi ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... identical sounds and for repetitions of the semantically identically sounds (see Supplementary Fig. S1b and S1c, respectively). Once again, no statistically reliable differences were observed. Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated u ...
... identical sounds and for repetitions of the semantically identically sounds (see Supplementary Fig. S1b and S1c, respectively). Once again, no statistically reliable differences were observed. Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated u ...
Biological Bases of Bx Test
... e. Broca's area ____ 32. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the a. angular gyrus. b. hypothalamus. c. motor cortex. d. reticular formation. e. frontal association area. ____ 33. Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to ...
... e. Broca's area ____ 32. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the a. angular gyrus. b. hypothalamus. c. motor cortex. d. reticular formation. e. frontal association area. ____ 33. Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to ...
Social perception from visual cues: role of the STS region
... in response to eye aversion than to eyes returning to gaze at the observer. This effect occurred whether the eyes were viewed in isolation or in the context of a full face. The ERP effects evoked by eye movement were not produced by movement per se. The exact regions of cortex that generate N170 can ...
... in response to eye aversion than to eyes returning to gaze at the observer. This effect occurred whether the eyes were viewed in isolation or in the context of a full face. The ERP effects evoked by eye movement were not produced by movement per se. The exact regions of cortex that generate N170 can ...
Comprehensive imaging of cortical networks
... into the tissue [65]. The penetration depth is therefore significantly better for red and near-IR fluorophores [36]. Red GECIs with properties comparable to the best green GECIs are on the horizon [66,67] and poised to boost the penetration depth of TPLSM imaging significantly. Three-photon flu ...
... into the tissue [65]. The penetration depth is therefore significantly better for red and near-IR fluorophores [36]. Red GECIs with properties comparable to the best green GECIs are on the horizon [66,67] and poised to boost the penetration depth of TPLSM imaging significantly. Three-photon flu ...
Synchrony Unbound: Review A Critical Evaluation of
... distinct populations of neurons combined for higherlevel computation? How do high-level neurons determine which inputs carry information requiring further analysis? The problem would not arise if higher-order neurons received input from just a few selected sources, but the complexity of our sensory ...
... distinct populations of neurons combined for higherlevel computation? How do high-level neurons determine which inputs carry information requiring further analysis? The problem would not arise if higher-order neurons received input from just a few selected sources, but the complexity of our sensory ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... whereas non-spatial activity is observed across the temporal lobe35. Finally, other findings have shown that the ventral stream is involved in the categorization of speech sounds36–38, which is an important component of auditory-object processing 1. Preferential spatial and non-spatial processing is ...
... whereas non-spatial activity is observed across the temporal lobe35. Finally, other findings have shown that the ventral stream is involved in the categorization of speech sounds36–38, which is an important component of auditory-object processing 1. Preferential spatial and non-spatial processing is ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... ratings were then made. The first rating was for the pleasantness of the stimulus in the plateau period for values of 0 (neutral) to + 2 (very pleasant). The second rating was for the pleasantness of the stimulus in the plateau period for values of 0 (neutral) to − 2 (very unpleasant). The third rat ...
... ratings were then made. The first rating was for the pleasantness of the stimulus in the plateau period for values of 0 (neutral) to + 2 (very pleasant). The second rating was for the pleasantness of the stimulus in the plateau period for values of 0 (neutral) to − 2 (very unpleasant). The third rat ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, and the number of pulses is stored in reference memory (which depends on the ‘ ...
... synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, and the number of pulses is stored in reference memory (which depends on the ‘ ...
Tracking Whole-Brain Connectivity Dynamics in the Resting State
... terms (Hagmann et al. 2008; Buckner et al. 2009). This dramatically different view on aspects of brain function may in turn help improve diagnostic relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular where activation differences are subtle (Fornito and Bullmore 2012). Despite such progress, we a ...
... terms (Hagmann et al. 2008; Buckner et al. 2009). This dramatically different view on aspects of brain function may in turn help improve diagnostic relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular where activation differences are subtle (Fornito and Bullmore 2012). Despite such progress, we a ...
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... rats). In contrast, the microelectrodes were oriented perpendicularly to the brain surface when targeting S1 areas (forepaw region: 4 mm lateral, 0.5 mm anterior, n 5 4 rats). To ensure the precise location of the injection sites, forepaw responsiveness was identified by standard electrophysiological ...
... rats). In contrast, the microelectrodes were oriented perpendicularly to the brain surface when targeting S1 areas (forepaw region: 4 mm lateral, 0.5 mm anterior, n 5 4 rats). To ensure the precise location of the injection sites, forepaw responsiveness was identified by standard electrophysiological ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... chamber (EC, external capsule and WM, white matter). The continuous and dashed horizontal lines in the inset on the left depict the cortical region utilized for horizontal sections. (B) Synaptic responses to electrical stimuli (100 ms; 1.4 times the threshold intensity) applied in the neocortex at m ...
... chamber (EC, external capsule and WM, white matter). The continuous and dashed horizontal lines in the inset on the left depict the cortical region utilized for horizontal sections. (B) Synaptic responses to electrical stimuli (100 ms; 1.4 times the threshold intensity) applied in the neocortex at m ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.