doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... 2. Brain ablation is a technique used by scientists to discover the function of a particular region of the brain, in which a. subjects are hooked up to an fMRI scanner and electrical activity is noted when the subject is asked to perform certain tasks. b. different parts of the brain are electricall ...
... 2. Brain ablation is a technique used by scientists to discover the function of a particular region of the brain, in which a. subjects are hooked up to an fMRI scanner and electrical activity is noted when the subject is asked to perform certain tasks. b. different parts of the brain are electricall ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
REVIEW Time Course of Auditory Processing, Visual Processing
... determine where the sound is coming from. Goaldirected attention to sound identity (what) and sound location (where) has been associated with increased neural activity in ventral and dorsal brain regions, respectively. Relation (Spatiotemporal Analysis of Auditory "What" and "Where" Working Memory s ...
... determine where the sound is coming from. Goaldirected attention to sound identity (what) and sound location (where) has been associated with increased neural activity in ventral and dorsal brain regions, respectively. Relation (Spatiotemporal Analysis of Auditory "What" and "Where" Working Memory s ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... Core Face Processing System. Various studies have also identified the core face perception system, including the occipital and fusiform face areas and the posterior superior temporal sulcus. In fMRI studies, the fusiform face area (FFA) and, more generally, the fusiform gyri, were found to have bila ...
... Core Face Processing System. Various studies have also identified the core face perception system, including the occipital and fusiform face areas and the posterior superior temporal sulcus. In fMRI studies, the fusiform face area (FFA) and, more generally, the fusiform gyri, were found to have bila ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... through multiple anatomical pathways Signals from internal organs such as the heart or the gut arise from mechanosensory and chemosensory neurons transmitting information about the internal state of the body. Those neurons can be sensitive to physiological parameters having slow time constants, such ...
... through multiple anatomical pathways Signals from internal organs such as the heart or the gut arise from mechanosensory and chemosensory neurons transmitting information about the internal state of the body. Those neurons can be sensitive to physiological parameters having slow time constants, such ...
Neural processes underlying conscious perception
... et al., made this observation in an fMRI study using Change Blindness [5]. When a change occurs within repeated presentations of an image that flickers, subjects frequently fail to notice the change, even when it is huge, if attention is not focused on the stimulus that changes [42,46]. This phenomen ...
... et al., made this observation in an fMRI study using Change Blindness [5]. When a change occurs within repeated presentations of an image that flickers, subjects frequently fail to notice the change, even when it is huge, if attention is not focused on the stimulus that changes [42,46]. This phenomen ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... (2) Evidence for connections was taken either from text or figures when it could be fitted unequivocally to our cortical map. (3) We gave priority in assigning connection strengths to data from higher resolution studies. For example, Avendano and Rausell (1988) report afferent connections to seven s ...
... (2) Evidence for connections was taken either from text or figures when it could be fitted unequivocally to our cortical map. (3) We gave priority in assigning connection strengths to data from higher resolution studies. For example, Avendano and Rausell (1988) report afferent connections to seven s ...
Organization of the Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex Re
... streams? What is the informational overlap between streams? Does TEO contain any motion information, in addition to object identity information? Just how much shape information is present in the intraparietal sulcus? These questions of the distribution of information across the visual cortex lend th ...
... streams? What is the informational overlap between streams? Does TEO contain any motion information, in addition to object identity information? Just how much shape information is present in the intraparietal sulcus? These questions of the distribution of information across the visual cortex lend th ...
Organization of the Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex Re
... As another example, consider the case in which the information structure consists of data points clustered into five categories. When mapping the information structure onto the cortical sheet, the Kohonen algorithm will tend to arrange the data points such that each category forms a distinct area on ...
... As another example, consider the case in which the information structure consists of data points clustered into five categories. When mapping the information structure onto the cortical sheet, the Kohonen algorithm will tend to arrange the data points such that each category forms a distinct area on ...
Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch
... before further processing of those specific attributes in distinct cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many diffe ...
... before further processing of those specific attributes in distinct cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many diffe ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
... map of the white matter fiber bundles and structural integrity of the brain. Several measures can be used to quantify SC properties, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, streamline counts, and probabilistic tractography. Based on the concept of SC, several recent studies have been able ...
... map of the white matter fiber bundles and structural integrity of the brain. Several measures can be used to quantify SC properties, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, streamline counts, and probabilistic tractography. Based on the concept of SC, several recent studies have been able ...
The Cytoarchitectonic Map of Constantin von Economo and Georg N
... 107 cytoarchitectonic modification areas, plus more than 60 transition areas (von Economo 1925, 2009; von Economo and Horn 1930). Topographically, the 107 modification areas of von Economo and Koskinas are grouped into 35 frontal, 13 superior limbic, 6 insular, 18 parietal, 7 occipital, 14 temporal, ...
... 107 cytoarchitectonic modification areas, plus more than 60 transition areas (von Economo 1925, 2009; von Economo and Horn 1930). Topographically, the 107 modification areas of von Economo and Koskinas are grouped into 35 frontal, 13 superior limbic, 6 insular, 18 parietal, 7 occipital, 14 temporal, ...
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis
... with a selective up-regulation of negatively-regulated T3responsive genes (10), in the present study we compared THregulated gene expression in control and ASD brain samples. This comparison included expression analysis of several TH dependent genes negatively regulated by TH such as transthyretin f ...
... with a selective up-regulation of negatively-regulated T3responsive genes (10), in the present study we compared THregulated gene expression in control and ASD brain samples. This comparison included expression analysis of several TH dependent genes negatively regulated by TH such as transthyretin f ...
download file
... paradigm that eliminates the task-specific variables that have confounded direct comparison of previous studies. Electrical activation of the basal forebrain (BF) was used to gate cortical plasticity mechanisms. The auditory stimulus paired with BF stimulation was systematically varied to determine ...
... paradigm that eliminates the task-specific variables that have confounded direct comparison of previous studies. Electrical activation of the basal forebrain (BF) was used to gate cortical plasticity mechanisms. The auditory stimulus paired with BF stimulation was systematically varied to determine ...
Linking Cognitive Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics: New Perspectives from Williams... Ursula Bellugi and Marie St. George (Eds.)
... evoked responses turn out to be normal in WMS subjects, indicating that auditory hyperexcitability does not occur at the brainstem level. However, data from an auditory recovery paradigm suggest a possible cortical mechanism; WMS subjects are indistinguishable from normal controls on a visual recove ...
... evoked responses turn out to be normal in WMS subjects, indicating that auditory hyperexcitability does not occur at the brainstem level. However, data from an auditory recovery paradigm suggest a possible cortical mechanism; WMS subjects are indistinguishable from normal controls on a visual recove ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... later on. Moreover, the degradation is not as large as predicted by a binaural processing model [9] based upon the average interaural cross-correlation over the entire stimulus duration. Neurons whose temporal response patterns are most onset-dominated tend to have the most robust responses in rever ...
... later on. Moreover, the degradation is not as large as predicted by a binaural processing model [9] based upon the average interaural cross-correlation over the entire stimulus duration. Neurons whose temporal response patterns are most onset-dominated tend to have the most robust responses in rever ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... The LTD model in visual cortex clearly shares many of the key properties of deprivation-induced synaptic depression, and it clearly has considerable explanatory power. It would be unlucky indeed if the eventual understanding of the molecular basis for the developmental decline in LTD did not yield a ...
... The LTD model in visual cortex clearly shares many of the key properties of deprivation-induced synaptic depression, and it clearly has considerable explanatory power. It would be unlucky indeed if the eventual understanding of the molecular basis for the developmental decline in LTD did not yield a ...
1 Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics
... this way. Third large-scale project in the logical tradition, named OSCAR, is pursued by John Pollock [11] at the University of Arizona, and is based on probabilistic reasoning 4 . The goal of this project is to create a fully functioning rational agent. OSCAR inference engine is used in some real-w ...
... this way. Third large-scale project in the logical tradition, named OSCAR, is pursued by John Pollock [11] at the University of Arizona, and is based on probabilistic reasoning 4 . The goal of this project is to create a fully functioning rational agent. OSCAR inference engine is used in some real-w ...
download file
... dramatically changed for the better after she published her Nature Neuroscience paper. Working with Claudia was my first experience with being involved in a project where I did not have all the answers. Her questions during inferior colliculus access surgery and mapping stimulated me to be more awa ...
... dramatically changed for the better after she published her Nature Neuroscience paper. Working with Claudia was my first experience with being involved in a project where I did not have all the answers. Her questions during inferior colliculus access surgery and mapping stimulated me to be more awa ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... 1999; Somers, Dale, Seiffert, and Tootell 1999) and stationary stimuli (Martinez et al. 1999). Even stronger evidence in support of early selection came from the subsequent demonstration of attention effects in the thalamus, i.e. the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (O’Connor, Fukui, Pinsk, and Kast ...
... 1999; Somers, Dale, Seiffert, and Tootell 1999) and stationary stimuli (Martinez et al. 1999). Even stronger evidence in support of early selection came from the subsequent demonstration of attention effects in the thalamus, i.e. the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (O’Connor, Fukui, Pinsk, and Kast ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... in a computational model of olfactory cortex, that, together, these two phenomena reduce the overlap between patterns that are stored within the same neural network structure. These results further demonstrate the contribution of acetylcholine to mechanisms of cortical plasticity. The results are co ...
... in a computational model of olfactory cortex, that, together, these two phenomena reduce the overlap between patterns that are stored within the same neural network structure. These results further demonstrate the contribution of acetylcholine to mechanisms of cortical plasticity. The results are co ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... Two types of control procedures were used. In one set of control sections, an irrelevant IgG was substituted for the primary antibody. In a second set, adsorption procedures were carried out by incubating the antibody in the presence of purified ChAT before being used for immunohistochemistry. Secti ...
... Two types of control procedures were used. In one set of control sections, an irrelevant IgG was substituted for the primary antibody. In a second set, adsorption procedures were carried out by incubating the antibody in the presence of purified ChAT before being used for immunohistochemistry. Secti ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... hyperactivity during reward selection that predicted depressive symptom severity and caudate nucleus hypoactivation during reward anticipation. Pizzagalli and colleagues [23] found that individuals with MDD showed decreased putamen responses during reward anticipation and decreased nucleus accumbens ...
... hyperactivity during reward selection that predicted depressive symptom severity and caudate nucleus hypoactivation during reward anticipation. Pizzagalli and colleagues [23] found that individuals with MDD showed decreased putamen responses during reward anticipation and decreased nucleus accumbens ...
Predictions, perception, and a sense of self
... is a large amount of circumstantial evidence.8 This evidence suggests that superficial pyramidal cells in the upper layers of cortex (green triangles) compare expectations at each hierarchical level (or sensory input at the lowest level) with top-down predictions from deep pyramidal cells (black tri ...
... is a large amount of circumstantial evidence.8 This evidence suggests that superficial pyramidal cells in the upper layers of cortex (green triangles) compare expectations at each hierarchical level (or sensory input at the lowest level) with top-down predictions from deep pyramidal cells (black tri ...
Supplemental Information for Free D
... points of a diamond-shaped box13. There was a non-memory-guided control condition (0-back) that presented the same stimuli but simply required subjects to identify the stimulus currently seen. As memory load increased, the task required the recollection of a stimulus seen one (1-back) or two (2back) ...
... points of a diamond-shaped box13. There was a non-memory-guided control condition (0-back) that presented the same stimuli but simply required subjects to identify the stimulus currently seen. As memory load increased, the task required the recollection of a stimulus seen one (1-back) or two (2back) ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.