![Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005080707_1-f4daca84eae117c211427ba15d0409b4-300x300.png)
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... It is well known that the activities of the primary visual cortex (V1) and higher visual areas (such as V2, V3, V4/V8/VO, V5/M5/MST, IT, and GF) are linked to the visual apperception (normal conscious visual experiences and conscious functions such as detection, discrimination, and recognition) of v ...
... It is well known that the activities of the primary visual cortex (V1) and higher visual areas (such as V2, V3, V4/V8/VO, V5/M5/MST, IT, and GF) are linked to the visual apperception (normal conscious visual experiences and conscious functions such as detection, discrimination, and recognition) of v ...
Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... of aberrant behavior in substance abusers can be studied separately. One of these components is expectancy that is based on predictions of reward and attribution of probabilistic rewarding properties to the stimulus-object. Another is compulsive drive (motivational state) to use drugs, which is link ...
... of aberrant behavior in substance abusers can be studied separately. One of these components is expectancy that is based on predictions of reward and attribution of probabilistic rewarding properties to the stimulus-object. Another is compulsive drive (motivational state) to use drugs, which is link ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... challenges of their physical and social environment. Emotional states are characterized by a specific configuration of inputs (triggering events), outputs (autonomic and somatic responses), and the neural processes that mediate their transformation. Many emotional states, especially acute states suc ...
... challenges of their physical and social environment. Emotional states are characterized by a specific configuration of inputs (triggering events), outputs (autonomic and somatic responses), and the neural processes that mediate their transformation. Many emotional states, especially acute states suc ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
Neural Basis of Psychological Growth following Adverse
... posttraumatic psychopathology [1–3]. Evidence gathered during the past decade has increasingly suggested that positive outcomes can derive from adversity and other negative events. These studies have included a systematic examination of the psychological domains for the positive outcomes and their a ...
... posttraumatic psychopathology [1–3]. Evidence gathered during the past decade has increasingly suggested that positive outcomes can derive from adversity and other negative events. These studies have included a systematic examination of the psychological domains for the positive outcomes and their a ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... In the monkey it was shown that the prefrontal subregion localized dorsally on the lateral cortical surface (part of area 46 above the principal sulcus) was connected with other dorsal prefrontal areas situated anteriorly and caudally as well as with the premotor areas of the lateral and medial surf ...
... In the monkey it was shown that the prefrontal subregion localized dorsally on the lateral cortical surface (part of area 46 above the principal sulcus) was connected with other dorsal prefrontal areas situated anteriorly and caudally as well as with the premotor areas of the lateral and medial surf ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
... (f) the conductivity values of the tissue compartments of the head (white-matter, graymatter, CSF, skull, and scalp) are not well-known, so that even an exact geometric model of the head is still only an approximate volume conduction model of the head [173]. Additionally, volume conduction models fo ...
... (f) the conductivity values of the tissue compartments of the head (white-matter, graymatter, CSF, skull, and scalp) are not well-known, so that even an exact geometric model of the head is still only an approximate volume conduction model of the head [173]. Additionally, volume conduction models fo ...
Brain oscillations in perception and memory
... in the brain. It is not yet not possible to define connections between the elements of these systems neuron by neuron tracking, or to define the directions of signal flow and exact boundaries of neuronal populations involved. However, this description is necessary to emphasize that oscillatory pheno ...
... in the brain. It is not yet not possible to define connections between the elements of these systems neuron by neuron tracking, or to define the directions of signal flow and exact boundaries of neuronal populations involved. However, this description is necessary to emphasize that oscillatory pheno ...
Are cortical spikes conveyed to contralateral
... of seizure discharge (1-6). In this scenario, the fundamental neural mechanism is expressed as “transfer” of seizure discharges via the CC (1, 2, 6). Other terms, such as “propagation”, “transmission”, “travel”, or “spread” have also been used. However, the meaning of the term “transfer” has not bee ...
... of seizure discharge (1-6). In this scenario, the fundamental neural mechanism is expressed as “transfer” of seizure discharges via the CC (1, 2, 6). Other terms, such as “propagation”, “transmission”, “travel”, or “spread” have also been used. However, the meaning of the term “transfer” has not bee ...
Auditory and Vestibular Systems Objective • To learn the functional
... ventricular system close to the midline. The vestibular nuclei project to the extraocular motor nuclei via the rostral part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The medial longitudinal fasciculus caudal to the vestibular nuclei carry axons that terminate in the upper spinal cord (termed the medial ...
... ventricular system close to the midline. The vestibular nuclei project to the extraocular motor nuclei via the rostral part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The medial longitudinal fasciculus caudal to the vestibular nuclei carry axons that terminate in the upper spinal cord (termed the medial ...
NAlab07_AuditVest
... ventricular system close to the midline. The vestibular nuclei project to the extraocular motor nuclei via the rostral part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The medial longitudinal fasciculus caudal to the vestibular nuclei carry axons that terminate in the upper spinal cord (termed the medial ...
... ventricular system close to the midline. The vestibular nuclei project to the extraocular motor nuclei via the rostral part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The medial longitudinal fasciculus caudal to the vestibular nuclei carry axons that terminate in the upper spinal cord (termed the medial ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... behavioral judgments of biological similarity of the same stimuli. This biological class structure was uncorrelated with structure measured in retinotopic visual cortex, which correlated instead with a dissimilarity matrix defined by a model of V1 cortex for the same stimuli. Additionally, analysis ...
... behavioral judgments of biological similarity of the same stimuli. This biological class structure was uncorrelated with structure measured in retinotopic visual cortex, which correlated instead with a dissimilarity matrix defined by a model of V1 cortex for the same stimuli. Additionally, analysis ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... Fanselow and Nicolelis 1999; Moore 2004; Moore et al. 1999; Nicolelis and Fanselow 2002). These authors proposed that greater response magnitudes during the quiet state could perform a gross “detection” function, whereas relatively less spike adaptation during the whisking state would allow for fine ...
... Fanselow and Nicolelis 1999; Moore 2004; Moore et al. 1999; Nicolelis and Fanselow 2002). These authors proposed that greater response magnitudes during the quiet state could perform a gross “detection” function, whereas relatively less spike adaptation during the whisking state would allow for fine ...
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
... alone), and extinction (like habituation) that occurred successively. The CS was presented for 7.05 seconds; the US (painful pressure) lasted for 10 milliseconds and was terminated together with the CS⫹. The US was applied using a plastic cylinder with a 7-mm diameter and a 12-mm length that was pla ...
... alone), and extinction (like habituation) that occurred successively. The CS was presented for 7.05 seconds; the US (painful pressure) lasted for 10 milliseconds and was terminated together with the CS⫹. The US was applied using a plastic cylinder with a 7-mm diameter and a 12-mm length that was pla ...
Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... 3. Statistical periodicity It is not particularly surprising, given the extensive convergence and divergence properties of the nervous system as well as the large numbers of neurons involved, that some form of population, or ensemble, coding would be important for the nervous system. If indeed popul ...
... 3. Statistical periodicity It is not particularly surprising, given the extensive convergence and divergence properties of the nervous system as well as the large numbers of neurons involved, that some form of population, or ensemble, coding would be important for the nervous system. If indeed popul ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, pain, and the sensation of body movements. Perception begins with receptor cells at the periphery that are sensitive to ...
... senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, pain, and the sensation of body movements. Perception begins with receptor cells at the periphery that are sensitive to ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... area, specifically for the half-octave range centered on the CS frequency. However, this plasticity developed only in tone-controlled (TC) animals. The auditory cortex of non-tone-controlled subjects (n = 4) did not differ from that of naïve controls (n = 9) although their VTAstm was as rewarding as ...
... area, specifically for the half-octave range centered on the CS frequency. However, this plasticity developed only in tone-controlled (TC) animals. The auditory cortex of non-tone-controlled subjects (n = 4) did not differ from that of naïve controls (n = 9) although their VTAstm was as rewarding as ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... together with penicillin-metabolizing enzyme penicillinase. There are, however, field potentials with predominantly positive components in the deeper contacts 4 through 6. If penicillin is applied to the surface without penicillinase, then negative field potential will also develop in deeper cortica ...
... together with penicillin-metabolizing enzyme penicillinase. There are, however, field potentials with predominantly positive components in the deeper contacts 4 through 6. If penicillin is applied to the surface without penicillinase, then negative field potential will also develop in deeper cortica ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... action potentials to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb.5 From electrophysiological recordings in rodents, it is evident that these same structures are involved in olfactory discrimination learning,6,7 lending support to the idea that the OFC of “sub-primate” mammals was chiefly dedicated ...
... action potentials to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb.5 From electrophysiological recordings in rodents, it is evident that these same structures are involved in olfactory discrimination learning,6,7 lending support to the idea that the OFC of “sub-primate” mammals was chiefly dedicated ...
Print
... At each penetration site, responses from 675 frequency-level stimulus conditions determine the frequency response area (Sutter and Schreiner 1991, 1995), including the excitatory tuning curve. Tone burst frequencies are spaced logarithmically with the range of test frequencies chosen according to th ...
... At each penetration site, responses from 675 frequency-level stimulus conditions determine the frequency response area (Sutter and Schreiner 1991, 1995), including the excitatory tuning curve. Tone burst frequencies are spaced logarithmically with the range of test frequencies chosen according to th ...
The Neural Basis of Individual Holistic and Spectral Sound Perception
... single crescent-, banana- or boomerang-shaped gryus, or in the form of multiple duplications and/or bifurcations on one or both sides, depending on the predominant listening mode. More than seventy years ago, the anatomist Pfeifer (1936) argued, that ‘if there is any relation between morphology and ...
... single crescent-, banana- or boomerang-shaped gryus, or in the form of multiple duplications and/or bifurcations on one or both sides, depending on the predominant listening mode. More than seventy years ago, the anatomist Pfeifer (1936) argued, that ‘if there is any relation between morphology and ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... would be able only to modulate responses depending on the presence of the ‘attentional spotlight’ inside versus outside the receptive field would have very poor spatial resolution beyond striate cortex and the few other cortical areas with small receptive fields. Instead, our visual system seems abl ...
... would be able only to modulate responses depending on the presence of the ‘attentional spotlight’ inside versus outside the receptive field would have very poor spatial resolution beyond striate cortex and the few other cortical areas with small receptive fields. Instead, our visual system seems abl ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... The prefrontal cortex is considered essential for learning to perform cognitive tasks though little is known about how the representation of stimulus properties is altered by learning. To address this issue, we recorded neuronal activity in monkeys before and after training on a task that required v ...
... The prefrontal cortex is considered essential for learning to perform cognitive tasks though little is known about how the representation of stimulus properties is altered by learning. To address this issue, we recorded neuronal activity in monkeys before and after training on a task that required v ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.