![Altered Fronto-Striatal and Fronto-Cerebellar Circuits in Heroin](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017109349_1-d408018de887b9ef8f07237f9cd4f011-300x300.png)
Altered Fronto-Striatal and Fronto-Cerebellar Circuits in Heroin
... evaluation, learning and memory circuitry [14]. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis and networks assessment are more effective in elucidating brain pathophysiologic state both in rest and task state and even in predicting subsequent stimulus-related neural responses from an integrated per ...
... evaluation, learning and memory circuitry [14]. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis and networks assessment are more effective in elucidating brain pathophysiologic state both in rest and task state and even in predicting subsequent stimulus-related neural responses from an integrated per ...
Inferring functional connections between neurons
... capture refractory and other intrinsic effects, functional connections with other neurons, and receptive fields or tuning curves (such as the cosine tuning curve in Figure 2). The conditional intensity function is calculated as the sum of the three, linearly filtered, factors passed through a static ...
... capture refractory and other intrinsic effects, functional connections with other neurons, and receptive fields or tuning curves (such as the cosine tuning curve in Figure 2). The conditional intensity function is calculated as the sum of the three, linearly filtered, factors passed through a static ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... learning, such as the unsupervised learning problems confronted by sensory systems. By itself, however, it is inadequate for training motor systems to interact with the environment in useful ways. In these cases, training information that reports on the success or failure of interactions with the en ...
... learning, such as the unsupervised learning problems confronted by sensory systems. By itself, however, it is inadequate for training motor systems to interact with the environment in useful ways. In these cases, training information that reports on the success or failure of interactions with the en ...
THE BRAIN`S CONCEPTS: THE ROLE OF THE SENSORY
... used in acting and perceiving. Any conceptualisation of grasping via simulation therefore requires the use of the same functional clusters used in the action and perception of grasping. 5. Parameters. All actions, perceptions, and simulations make use of neural parameters and their values. For examp ...
... used in acting and perceiving. Any conceptualisation of grasping via simulation therefore requires the use of the same functional clusters used in the action and perception of grasping. 5. Parameters. All actions, perceptions, and simulations make use of neural parameters and their values. For examp ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... V2 injections, two in CO pale stripes and all targeted to highly orientation-specific domains, do not exhibit this degree of clustering (Figure 9B). The 0.5 mm periodicity of the feedback with highest clustering suggests that it should not have an iso-orientation relationship with the orientation do ...
... V2 injections, two in CO pale stripes and all targeted to highly orientation-specific domains, do not exhibit this degree of clustering (Figure 9B). The 0.5 mm periodicity of the feedback with highest clustering suggests that it should not have an iso-orientation relationship with the orientation do ...
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization of Neuronal Responses in the
... In visual areas of the cerebral cortex, most neurons exhibit preferences for particular features of visual stimuli, but in general, the tuning is broad. Thus, even simple stimuli evoke responses in numerous neurons with differing but overlapping feature preferences, and it is commonly held that a pa ...
... In visual areas of the cerebral cortex, most neurons exhibit preferences for particular features of visual stimuli, but in general, the tuning is broad. Thus, even simple stimuli evoke responses in numerous neurons with differing but overlapping feature preferences, and it is commonly held that a pa ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... tactile receptive fields (RFs) are located predominantly on the face. Their visual RFs are located in parts of the field of vision corresponding to the tactile RFs (e.g. tactile RF on the right side of the upper face, visual RF in the right upper quadrant of the visual field). Many neurons respond t ...
... tactile receptive fields (RFs) are located predominantly on the face. Their visual RFs are located in parts of the field of vision corresponding to the tactile RFs (e.g. tactile RF on the right side of the upper face, visual RF in the right upper quadrant of the visual field). Many neurons respond t ...
Disproportion of cerebral surface areas and volumes in
... dysgenesis. In no case was there any evidence of either dysgenesis other than that reported in Table 1, or of gliosis on T2-weighted imaging. On each coronal image for each subject, the cortical grey matter (GM) and SM were isolated using a dedicated image processing workstation (Allegro, ISG Techno ...
... dysgenesis. In no case was there any evidence of either dysgenesis other than that reported in Table 1, or of gliosis on T2-weighted imaging. On each coronal image for each subject, the cortical grey matter (GM) and SM were isolated using a dedicated image processing workstation (Allegro, ISG Techno ...
Cortical Connectivity Suggests a Role in Limb
... to examine the consistency in the distribution of label across different injections. As recently discussed in detail (Reser et al., 2012), nonparametric statistical methods are preferred when normal distributions of variables cannot be assumed; this is often the case in neuroanatomical studies in wh ...
... to examine the consistency in the distribution of label across different injections. As recently discussed in detail (Reser et al., 2012), nonparametric statistical methods are preferred when normal distributions of variables cannot be assumed; this is often the case in neuroanatomical studies in wh ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... color monitor at a distance of 94 cm. On either side of the monitor were two speakers placed in the vertical center. Two speakers were used to reduce the spatial mismatch between the visual signals and the auditory signals. The monkeys performed in a darkened booth. A trial began with the appearance ...
... color monitor at a distance of 94 cm. On either side of the monitor were two speakers placed in the vertical center. Two speakers were used to reduce the spatial mismatch between the visual signals and the auditory signals. The monkeys performed in a darkened booth. A trial began with the appearance ...
21 June 2001
... and humans. The STG is located at the transition between the two major pathways of cortical visual processing, the 'what' and 'where' systems, respectively18. The STG is known to receive polysensory input from both streams thus representing a site of multimodal sensory convergence19-22. Our finding ...
... and humans. The STG is located at the transition between the two major pathways of cortical visual processing, the 'what' and 'where' systems, respectively18. The STG is known to receive polysensory input from both streams thus representing a site of multimodal sensory convergence19-22. Our finding ...
MotorIntroV2
... Voluntary movements are organized by motor programs • Translate goal into action – Formation of a movement representation, or motor program ...
... Voluntary movements are organized by motor programs • Translate goal into action – Formation of a movement representation, or motor program ...
Meaningful auditory information enhances perception of visual
... senses (Ernst & Bülthoff, 2004; Stein & Meredith, 1993), and much physiological evidence points to the existence of neurons that respond to stimuli in more than one modality. For example Meredith and Stein (1986, 1996) and Stein, Meredith, and Wallace (1993) found in cat superior colliculus multimo ...
... senses (Ernst & Bülthoff, 2004; Stein & Meredith, 1993), and much physiological evidence points to the existence of neurons that respond to stimuli in more than one modality. For example Meredith and Stein (1986, 1996) and Stein, Meredith, and Wallace (1993) found in cat superior colliculus multimo ...
New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by
... were applied through a circuit built into the Axoclamp-2A recording amplifier whenever an increase in tip resistance indicated possible contact with neuronal membrane. When the initial membrane potential after impalement was more depolarized than ⫺50 mV, steady hyperpolarizing current was applied th ...
... were applied through a circuit built into the Axoclamp-2A recording amplifier whenever an increase in tip resistance indicated possible contact with neuronal membrane. When the initial membrane potential after impalement was more depolarized than ⫺50 mV, steady hyperpolarizing current was applied th ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... Second, a whole-brain analysis was conducted with the signal contrast of risky (selecting a 40 or 80 and receiving a gain of 40 or 80 points) vs safe (selecting 20 and receiving a sure gain of 20 points) responses as the main dependent measure. Similarly, another whole-brain analysis explored the ou ...
... Second, a whole-brain analysis was conducted with the signal contrast of risky (selecting a 40 or 80 and receiving a gain of 40 or 80 points) vs safe (selecting 20 and receiving a sure gain of 20 points) responses as the main dependent measure. Similarly, another whole-brain analysis explored the ou ...
Guide to the CERAD Form
... gvdhi and gvderc record the presence or absence of granulovacuolar degeneration in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex respectively. hbhi and hberc record the severity of Hirano bodies in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex respectively. The pathology is graded as none = 0, sparse (one or two a ...
... gvdhi and gvderc record the presence or absence of granulovacuolar degeneration in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex respectively. hbhi and hberc record the severity of Hirano bodies in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex respectively. The pathology is graded as none = 0, sparse (one or two a ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... The neocortex is composed of diverse classes of neurons, which can be defined according to morphological, connectional, neurochemical, electrophysiological and/or molecular characteristics (Peters and Jones, 1984; DeFelipe, 1993). The neocortex exhibits a laminar structure composed of six major laye ...
... The neocortex is composed of diverse classes of neurons, which can be defined according to morphological, connectional, neurochemical, electrophysiological and/or molecular characteristics (Peters and Jones, 1984; DeFelipe, 1993). The neocortex exhibits a laminar structure composed of six major laye ...
Transcripts/2_4 1
... here is the periphery. You also have these monocular crescents. b. The eyes mostly see the same thing, but not quite. Ex: The left eye gets blocked looking to the right because the nose is in the way. Likewise, the right eye gets blocked looking to the left because the nose is in the way. So out her ...
... here is the periphery. You also have these monocular crescents. b. The eyes mostly see the same thing, but not quite. Ex: The left eye gets blocked looking to the right because the nose is in the way. Likewise, the right eye gets blocked looking to the left because the nose is in the way. So out her ...
The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex
... Experiments in which mesial area 6 of the monkey was systematically explored with intracortical microstimulation showed that F3 is electrically excitable with low-intensity currents and contains a complete body movement representation. Evoked movements mainly involved proximal and axial muscles and, ...
... Experiments in which mesial area 6 of the monkey was systematically explored with intracortical microstimulation showed that F3 is electrically excitable with low-intensity currents and contains a complete body movement representation. Evoked movements mainly involved proximal and axial muscles and, ...
Sensory Pathways and Emotional Context for Action
... Helen Barbas, Basilis Zikopoulos, and Clare Timbie Connections of the primate prefrontal cortex are associated with action. Within the lateral prefrontal cortex, there are preferential targets of projections from visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices associated with directing attention to rel ...
... Helen Barbas, Basilis Zikopoulos, and Clare Timbie Connections of the primate prefrontal cortex are associated with action. Within the lateral prefrontal cortex, there are preferential targets of projections from visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices associated with directing attention to rel ...
Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
... such potentials, including single-spike responses and ®eld potentials, whereby the latter relate well not only to spike activity but also to subthreshold integrative processes in areas such as dendrites that are otherwise inaccessible. Microelectrode recording methods have been used extensively to o ...
... such potentials, including single-spike responses and ®eld potentials, whereby the latter relate well not only to spike activity but also to subthreshold integrative processes in areas such as dendrites that are otherwise inaccessible. Microelectrode recording methods have been used extensively to o ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... would support the implication of Penfield’s homunculus that S1 is involved in the perception of visceral sensations. On the other hand, if the vagal input is received by area 3a, a fairly different scheme of the visceral sensory system would emerge because area 3a is distinct from area 3b not only i ...
... would support the implication of Penfield’s homunculus that S1 is involved in the perception of visceral sensations. On the other hand, if the vagal input is received by area 3a, a fairly different scheme of the visceral sensory system would emerge because area 3a is distinct from area 3b not only i ...
[PDF]
... maximize nearest neighbor similarity or local continuity (e.g., Durbin and Mitchison, 1990; Kaas and Catania, 2002; Kohonen, 1982; Rosa and Tweedale, 2005; Saarinen and Kohonen, 1985). This principle can explain the separation of cortex into discrete areas that emphasize different information domain ...
... maximize nearest neighbor similarity or local continuity (e.g., Durbin and Mitchison, 1990; Kaas and Catania, 2002; Kohonen, 1982; Rosa and Tweedale, 2005; Saarinen and Kohonen, 1985). This principle can explain the separation of cortex into discrete areas that emphasize different information domain ...
NEURAL CONNECTIONS: Some You Use, Some You Lose
... humans. Unlike Cragg's and Lund's initial studies, these later studies looked at various areas of the brain's cortex, not just the visual area. Some of the best work of this kind has been done on brain development in rhesus monkeys by Pasko Rakic, Patricia Goldman-Rakic, and their colleagues.11 The ...
... humans. Unlike Cragg's and Lund's initial studies, these later studies looked at various areas of the brain's cortex, not just the visual area. Some of the best work of this kind has been done on brain development in rhesus monkeys by Pasko Rakic, Patricia Goldman-Rakic, and their colleagues.11 The ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... with the actual anatomy of the pathways generally not clearly defined or completely undefined, and a number of different diagrams have been published (see Fig. 4 for two examples). The implied value of an efference copy is that it provides information of body movements, information needed to disting ...
... with the actual anatomy of the pathways generally not clearly defined or completely undefined, and a number of different diagrams have been published (see Fig. 4 for two examples). The implied value of an efference copy is that it provides information of body movements, information needed to disting ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.